High school Chinese is best in the first year of high school. My experience on how to learn Chinese well is as follows:
1. Be good at accumulating and absorbing knowledge and nutrition extensively;
2. Be diligent in learning and ask questions, and comprehensively cultivate Chinese literacy;
3. Understand life and fully expand learning space;
4. Cultivate moral character and strive to coordinate IQ and EQ.
Let’s talk about the first point, be good at accumulating and absorbing knowledge and nutrition extensively.
Xunzi, a famous thinker during the Warring States Period, once said: "When soil accumulates, mountains become mountains, and wind and rain stir them up; when water accumulates, they form abyss, and dragons emerge; when good deeds accumulate, virtue becomes great, and the gods are satisfied with themselves, and the holy heart is prepared." This is. Wise words. People often say that genius comes from hard work and knowledge comes from accumulation. This is also true. Accumulation is the brewing of wisdom, and accumulation is the accumulation of energy. Without quantitative accumulation, how can there be a qualitative leap? Therefore, we must pay attention to daily accumulation, be a thoughtful person who accumulates, be a greedy person with knowledge, and gain widely in order to prepare for the college entrance examination.
In what aspects do we accumulate?
First, accumulate idioms and famous sayings. Idioms are the essence of our national language. It is neat and harmonious, concise and concise, catchy to read and meaningful to taste. "Sacrificing oneself for justice" is the righteousness of our nation; "Sacrificing oneself for others" is the noble character of our nation; "Sacrifice oneself for others" is the heroic spirit of our nation; "Sacrificing one's shortcomings to gain the strong" is the profound wisdom of our nation... Idioms There are all kinds of characters, birds, beasts, insects, and fish in the world, and the characters are all-encompassing, and the expressions are extremely strong. Such as the singing of orioles and the dancing of swallows, the backs and waists of tigers, the devouring of food, the singing of birds and the fragrance of flowers, the growth of grass and the flying of orioles, the dancing of dragons and phoenixes, superfluous things, the eternity of the earth and the sky, as few as the morning stars, etc. If we memorize a few of it every day, over time, wouldn’t each of our classmates become a living dictionary? At that time, when we wrote, we wrote with exquisite precision, and when we spoke, we spoke with witty remarks. Isn’t it beautiful?
Famous sayings and aphorisms are the crystallization of human wisdom. Our ancient sages, our working people, and the great thinkers, writers, and scientists at home and abroad have left many philosophical, instructive, and popular sayings in their poems and works, and in their labor practices. This is a precious spiritual wealth left to us. Such as "Nothing is difficult in the world, only those who are willing", "The waves behind the Yangtze River push the waves ahead, the new people in the world are better than the ancients", "Born in sorrow, die in peace and happiness", "If a young man does not work hard, the old man will be sad", "Good medicine is bitter and good for the disease. "Loyal advice that offends the ear is helpful for action", "A road is far away to tell the strength of a horse, and time will tell a person's heart", "Deliberately planting flowers will not bloom, unintentionally planting willows will become shades", "Painting a tiger's skin is difficult to draw bones, knowing a person's face but not his heart", "Xiongguan Road is really like this Iron, now we are taking steps forward from the beginning.” There are so many. If we copy and memorize a few of them every day, we can sharpen our character, cultivate our sentiments, and enrich our literary talent to prepare for the college entrance examination.
Second, we must accumulate famous poems. Our textbooks gather the essence of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign poetry and condense the splendid culture of mankind. There are 70 articles in class and more outside class. There are thousands of poems and books in the chest, and there are beautiful words in the pen.
Third, we must accumulate life materials. The scenery of the four seasons on campus, the behavior and conversation of classmates and teachers around you, radio and television, newspapers and magazines, all can be captured in your mind. "The sound of wind and rain, the sound of reading can be heard in my ears, and I care about everything in the world, including family affairs, state affairs, and everything in the world."
As I accumulate more knowledge, my wisdom will naturally become clearer. "There is poetry and calligraphy in my belly." If you are clear like this, you will have a source of living water." Only with deep roots and luxuriant leaves can there be abundant flowers and fruits. Why wouldn't we enjoy such a beautiful thing?
Second, study diligently and ask questions to comprehensively cultivate Chinese literacy.
A year’s plan lies in spring, a life’s plan lies in diligence. Diligence can make up for clumsiness, and diligence can make you wise. Only by studying diligently can you cultivate your own abilities and qualities. So what abilities and qualities need to be cultivated in Chinese? To sum up, there are several points: first, keen language perception ability, second, fluent language expression ability, third, rigorous logical thinking ability, fourth, rich imagination and reconstruction ability, fifth, healthy artistic aesthetic ability, and sixth, uniqueness. The ability to discover and innovate. To cultivate these abilities and qualities, we need to study hard and practice in these aspects.
First of all, listen diligently and listen well. Listening is to receive information and gain new knowledge through hearing. As the saying goes, "Listen to the sound when speaking, listen to the sound of gongs and drums", and "Know the elegant meaning by listening to stringed music." We must fully broaden and effectively use this channel for receiving information to hear knowledge. Listen, listen to the teacher's lectures, concentrate your mind, follow your ears, take notes diligently, refine the essence, clarify doubts, and make progress in your knowledge; listen, listen to your classmates' speeches, concentrate your mind, choose the good ones and follow them, wouldn't you not be the good ones? Change it. Wouldn't it be great if we, classmates, are young students in their prime, with sharp minds and avant-garde ideas, learning from each other, inspiring each other, being influenced by each other, and moving forward hand in hand?
The second is to read diligently and well. In and out of class, learn from and absorb. Self-study early in the morning, read aloud, orally recite poems and books, and memorize them backwards and forwards; read aloud in class, with rich sounds and emotions; read extracurricularly, and learn a lot. Read the sense of language, read the emotion, and read the beauty. Lift the key points, understand the mysteries, understand the principles, and taste the flavors.
Third, we must speak frequently and speak well.
Pre-class speeches, classroom speeches, exchanges and debates, speak when you say it, dare to speak well, improve language arts, and be good at witty responses; not only the inner beauty, but also the beauty outside. Dare to express yourself and adapt to social needs.
Fourth, we must write diligently and write well, take reading notes, poetry random thoughts, current affairs comments, weekly journal compositions, write diligently, and think frequently. When conceiving ideas, be sure to be novel; consider sentences and strive to be vivid. Listen carefully to the teacher's comments, communicate more with classmates, continue to accumulate experience, and try to use your advantages.
In addition to studying diligently, you must also be good at asking questions. When reading and questioning, set up your own questions; ask each other and ask the teacher for advice. Han Yu said: "People are not born knowing, how can they be free from confusion? If you are confused and do not follow the teacher, it is confusion, and you will never understand it." The new curriculum advocates interactive learning between teachers and students, and promotes cooperative learning. "Three people walk together" "There must be my teacher." As long as we are open-minded and proactive, in the mutual learning between teachers and students and between classmates, we will be able to achieve harmonious progress between teachers and students.
Being diligent and inquiring complement each other. Without learning, there is no way to doubt; without asking, there is no way to gain knowledge. As long as we study diligently, persevere, live and orderly, and then ask questions humbly, sincerely, and thoroughly, we will not have to worry about lack of knowledge, ability, or quality. no pain no gain. Since ancient times, hard work has yielded good results, and comprehensive quality depends on good study.
Third, understand life and fully expand your learning space
To learn, you must be good at thinking and understanding. Read the literature to understand the theory, transfer it, apply it, and make the knowledge come alive. It is necessary to promote the linguistic knowledge learned in class, apply what has been learned, and draw inferences from one instance to other cases; it is necessary to establish a general concept of Chinese language, in which various disciplines penetrate each other and are widely connected with social life. Only by thinking and understanding can we comprehensively improve the realm of life.
In fact, Chinese is not just a textbook, Chinese is life. It is said in "A Dream of Red Mansions" that "knowledge of worldly affairs is knowledge, and understanding of human feelings is writing." This is the truth. The high school period is the period when the flowers of our lives bloom most brilliantly. We must understand life through study, learn to learn from life, absorb the nutrients of life, embody the essence of life, and let youth bloom into more brilliant flowers.
Life is a vast and profound wordless book, an endless river, and an inexhaustible treasure of language. As long as you observe carefully and think deeply, you will be able to gain a lot of insights. The clouds are flying, the tides are ebbing and flowing, giving you the aura of life; the sun is setting over the long river, and the solitary smoke in the desert is making you marvel at the vastness and distance; the green mountains and clear waters, the willows and flowers are red, making you feel the splendor of the world; the spring swallows are whispering, and the autumn flowers are red. The geese flying through the sky make you meditate on the cycle of life. This colorful world has given us such rich and colorful associations and vivid inspirations! The tears in the corners of my mother's eyes when I left home, the hunched back of my loving father when I said goodbye, the kind words of my teacher when I failed, the warm boiled water from my classmates when I was sick... Every smile and every frown is love, and everything is love.
Life is not a pool of stagnant water, but ups and downs, full of ripples; it is not static, but constantly changing and always new. We keep up with the times, keep up with life, pay attention to society and care for others. Always absorb the fresh breath of the times and maintain youthful vitality everywhere. Life is as brilliant as flowers, it is a painting; life is as mellow as wine, it is a poem; life is like a river, it is a song. If you learn Chinese, your life will be elegant and noble; if you love life, your life will be full of fun!
Fourth, cultivate your moral character and strive to coordinate your IQ and EQ.
It is an excellent tradition of Chinese literati to study literature and cultivate one’s moral character. When we read books by sages, we must cultivate noble sentiments like the ancient sages and benevolent people; when we read exquisite literature, we must learn from other people's superb language arts and cultivate elegant humanistic temperament.
In the process of learning, IQ is the foundation and EQ is the guarantee. Only through the coordinated action of intellectual factors and non-intellectual factors can the dual tasks of academic improvement and personality shaping be accomplished.
You should be good at eliminating distractions and concentrate on learning and shaping your personality. Be indifferent and clear your ambitions, be tranquil and far-reaching, do not be happy with things, and do not be sad with yourself. Be diligent and enterprising and strive for the top. Don't be afraid of people's strengths, learn from their strengths; don't laugh at people's shortcomings, avoid their shortcomings. Adhere to the truth and correct mistakes; be diligent and never tire of learning. Don't be afraid of setbacks and keep moving forward.
During the exam, be calm, bold and careful. Don’t take it lightly because the questions are easy, and don’t lose confidence because the questions are difficult. It should be noted that I am easy for others, and I am difficult for others. Surpass yourself and have the courage to make choices; take the exam honestly and get your true level.
Compared with junior high school mathematics, high school mathematics has a lot of content and is highly abstract and theoretical. Therefore, many students are very uncomfortable after entering high school, especially in the first year of high school. After entering school, algebra is the first subject. What we encountered were very theoretical functions, which made it difficult for some students who had done well in junior high school mathematics to adapt quickly. Here are some opinions and suggestions on how to learn high school mathematics well.
1. Be prepared to continue working hard. Some students in the first year of high school feel that they have just graduated from junior high school and there are still three years until the next graduation. They can relax first and work hard again in their second and third years of high school. Not too late, they even regarded elementary and junior high school as a "successful" experience in "first loosening and then tightening".
As everyone knows, first, the current teaching arrangement for high school mathematics is to take more than two years to complete a three-year course. In the third year of high school, review is done almost throughout the year, and the teaching schedule is very tight; second, high school mathematics is the most important and most important thing. The difficult content - functions, should be learned in the first year of high school. Once these contents are not learned well, it will be difficult to learn the whole high school mathematics well. Therefore, you must pay close attention from the beginning. Even if you have the slightest thought of slacking off in your subconscious, it will weaken it. Perseverance in learning affects learning results.
2. Have a good interest in learning
Confucius said more than two thousand years ago: "Those who know are not as good as those who are good at it, and those who are good at it are not as good as those who are happy." "Good ” and “Happiness” means willingness to learn, and liking to learn means interest. Interest is the best teacher. Only when you are interested can you develop hobbies. If you are interested, you must practice it and enjoy it. Only when you are interested can you form the initiative and enthusiasm for learning. In mathematics learning, we elevate this process from spontaneous perceptual fun to a conscious and rational "knowledge" process, which will naturally turn into determination to learn mathematics well and become the driving force for successful mathematics learning. So how can we establish good interest in learning mathematics?
(1) Preview before class to generate questions and curiosity about the knowledge you have learned.
(2) Cooperate with the teacher during lectures to satisfy the excitement of the senses. During the lecture, focus on solving the questions in the preview, answer the teacher's questions in class in a timely manner, cultivate the synchronization of thinking with the teacher, concentrate, and turn the teacher's evaluation of your questions into a motivation for learning.
(3) When thinking about problems, pay attention to induction and tap your learning potential.
(4) During the class, pay attention to the teacher’s mathematical thoughts when explaining, and ask why you think this way and how this method came about?
(5) Return the concept to nature. All subjects are derived from practical problems, and mathematical concepts also return to real life. For example, the concepts of functions, angles, and the rectangular coordinate system are all abstracted from real life. Only by returning to reality can the understanding of concepts be reliable and more accurate when applying conceptual judgment and reasoning. Special attention should be paid to the understanding and application of concepts at the high school level.
3. Establish good math learning habits.
Habits are stable and long-lasting conditioned reflexes and natural needs that are consolidated through repeated practice. Establishing good math learning habits will make your learning feel orderly and relaxed. Good habits in high school mathematics should be: question more, think hard, be hands-on, focus on induction, and pay attention to application. In the process of learning mathematics, students must translate the knowledge taught by teachers into their own special language and remember it permanently in their minds. In addition, you must ensure that you have a certain amount of self-study time every day in order to broaden your knowledge and cultivate your ability to re-learn.
4. You must consciously cultivate your abilities in all aspects
Mathematical abilities include: logical reasoning ability, abstract thinking ability, calculation ability, spatial imagination ability and analytical problem-solving ability*** Five abilities. These abilities are developed in different mathematical learning environments. In daily study, we should pay attention to developing different learning places and participate in all useful learning and practice activities, such as mathematics improvement classes, mathematics competitions, intelligence competitions and other activities. In particular, in order to cultivate these abilities, teachers will carefully design "intellectual lessons" and "intellectual problems", such as answering exercises with multiple solutions, training and classification by drawing inferences from one example, and applying multimedia teaching such as models and computers. It is a good class type for cultivating mathematical ability. In these classes, students must devote themselves wholeheartedly and participate intellectually in all aspects, so as to ultimately achieve the comprehensive development of their abilities in all aspects.
5. Some suggestions for learning mathematics.
1. Take math notes. Especially the different aspects of conceptual understanding and mathematical laws, extracurricular knowledge that teachers add to prepare for the college entrance examination. There are also knowledge issues that are not well understood in class. Remember not to record the class content from beginning to end. This will not only affect listening to the class, but also fail to highlight the key points and difficulties, which is not conducive to review after class.
2. Create a mathematics correction book. Write down the knowledge or reasoning that is prone to errors in daily exercises or exams to prevent it from happening again. Strive to: find errors, analyze errors, correct errors, and prevent errors. Achievement: Be able to deeply understand correct things from the negative side; be able to find out the causes of errors through Guo Shuoyin so as to prescribe the right medicine; answer questions completely and reason rigorously.
3. Memorize mathematical rules and mathematical conclusions. Don't think that mathematics is just thinking and reasoning, the necessary memory should be there. Many students think "Function" is difficult and abstract, but if you ask him if he can draw basic exponents, logarithmic function graphs and point out their basic properties, he can't. It's strange if you say that you need to learn it well. .
4. Establish good relationships with classmates, strive to be a "little teacher", and form a "mutual aid group" in mathematics learning. Debating and thinking with classmates can help us deepen our understanding of the problem, while also reducing our learning pressure and cultivating our interest in learning.
5. Strive to solve extracurricular mathematics problems and increase self-study efforts. In high school, you should consciously choose some extracurricular tutoring books to help and strengthen yourself.
However, there are currently many such books on the market, and many students buy one after another, but do not have time to read them. Therefore, I suggest that students consult their teachers or previous classmates to choose 1 or 2 effective books.
6. Develop good writing standards. To learn mathematics, you must handle all mathematical problems according to mathematical language standards. These must be carried out carefully in accordance with the teacher's requirements in future classroom teaching.
7. Learn to summarize and classify. It can be: ① classified based on mathematical ideas ② classified based on problem-solving methods ③ classified based on knowledge application.
In short, in the initial stage of learning mathematics in the first grade of high school, as long as the students can devote themselves to learning seriously, realize the differences between junior high school and high school, and actively adjust themselves to the new learning model as soon as possible, cultivate Develop good study habits, and learning high school mathematics well will be a matter of course.
To learn high school English well, you should do the "four diligences" and "four mores". Specifically, there are the following points:
1. The "four diligences"
1. Recite frequently.
Actively memorize new words and phrases that appear in high school textbooks, understand their usage, and appropriately use some positive and antonym comparisons, similar word comparisons, etc. to enhance memory. Although this step is boring, without it, learning English is like an eagle with broken wings, with no ambition but no progress.
2. Read aloud diligently.
This is one of the magic weapons for learning English well. Generally speaking, the content of reading aloud is limited to textbooks, and the purpose is not to memorize, but to focus on one's correct pronunciation, continuous tone, etc. By reading aloud, you can become familiar with words and their usage, understand the tone and context of English, and enhance your sense of language. It only takes about half an hour a day, but it must be done consistently.
3. Practice frequently.
Although the "question sea" tactic is not advisable, it is essential to do some exercises, especially exercises that target your own shortcomings, such as cloze, which is more difficult and tests comprehensive ability. You should do more of these types of questions at ordinary times. After each completion, carefully check the answers again to understand where these correct options are reasonable, what knowledge points the question maker intended to test, etc. Only with continuous practice and experience will your English proficiency and test-taking ability continue to improve.
4. Summarize frequently.
Compared with other subjects, the knowledge points in English are quite fragmented, so we must work hard on daily collection, organization and summary. Any fragmentary knowledge that you hear from the teacher or read in reference books should be recorded in time for future review.
2. "Four More"
1. See more.
In recent years, the difficulty of English test questions has gradually increased, and the tentacles of the test questions involve all areas of daily life. Therefore, starting from the first year of high school, you should expand your reading scope as much as possible and read widely in order to broaden your horizons. , and improve your English level subtly.
2. Listen more.
In recent years, listening questions have been gradually added to the middle school and college entrance examinations. In fact, listening more is not just for taking exams. The more important point is that you can gradually enhance your sense of language during the listening process. Developing a keen sense of language will help enhance analysis and judgment, and is a very important part of the English learning process.
3. Talk more.
Speaking more can enhance your speaking ability, deepen your memory, and make the learned knowledge clearly reflected in your mind, making it less likely to be forgotten.
4. Practice more.
By doing a large number of exercises, you can enhance your practical experience and avoid panicking and being at a loss. Moreover, practice makes perfect, and you can also develop patterns and a sense of language when doing questions.
Of course, learning a language itself has its own rules. The so-called "four diligences" and "four mores" are just a means of strengthening. To learn English well, it is more important to start from the language itself, delve deeply into its mysteries, strengthen practice in all aspects of words, words, sentences, and chapters, strictly abide by the principles of "four diligence" and "four more", and gain easily Good results.
"It takes less than a day to freeze three feet." If you want to learn English better, you can't learn it in a day or two.
First of all, the memorization of English vocabulary in high school textbooks should be proficient. Vocabulary is the most basic element of English. Without memorizing vocabulary is like a building without bricks.
The degree of mastery of the teaching materials. There are some classic texts in high school English textbooks. It is best to memorize the texts and use them flexibly. Although this method is relatively stupid, it is indeed very effective.
Summary of sentence patterns. I am good at summarizing some typical sentence patterns and summing them up together, and strive to draw inferences from one instance and draw parallels.
Pay attention to the usage of some important verbs.
When studying, you should listen to more tapes and memorize more things.
Grammar usually includes tense, noun, pronoun number, subject, predicate agreement, subjunctive mood, active and passive, infinitive (perfect tense and passive voice), participles (perfect tense and passive voice) state), independent nominative structure, relative pronouns and adverbs of clauses, etc. These aspects require more accumulation and memory during daily study. There are also grammar books you can read.
When studying textbooks, you should pay attention to the grammar content. In this way, over time, you will learn grammar better without knowing it.
The most important thing in speaking is to open your mouth and speak English. When speaking English, there will be some grammatical errors, but this is a normal phenomenon. If you make sure that the grammar does not appear when speaking English, it will be abnormal. Well, the most important thing in speaking is to speak more. Express what you see and think in English, so that your speaking level will improve qualitatively over time. In addition, I would like to recommend you a speaking book called "English Spoken Encyclopedia", published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. It is very good, you can read it.
As for writing, you should practice more and insist on writing a short essay every week, and try to use single sentences. Of course, you can also use complex sentences. Participate in some excellent papers and see how others write compared with your own. Find your own shortcomings.
According to my personal experience, reading is essential, and if you are not afraid of reading articles with many new words, you should check the dictionary frequently. In particular, if you are really confident in learning English well, I suggest you try memorizing the key articles in each unit to develop your sense of language. High school English still attaches great importance to grammar, but when you have basic grammar knowledge, you don’t have to worry about it so much. You can answer questions accurately with an accurate sense of language. The answers often come naturally after reading the questions. But this I still need to stop and think more about why I chose this from a grammatical perspective. I believe I will improve quickly.
Physics, chemistry and biology all belong to the comprehensive scope of science.
Physics is an interesting and mysterious natural science, which is more difficult than other subjects. Therefore, learning physics well requires not only wisdom, but also interest, good inquiry, and the following three levels of requirements:
1. Be able to learn (learn to understand)
The essence of knowing how to learn is to provide guidance on how to learn more effectively. To learn physics, you must first be interested and good at inquiry. Without interest, we will be daunted by some difficult knowledge points, but if we are interested, we will feel that every step of learning is a challenge and fun. Therefore, we should cultivate the study habits of diligent observation and inquiry, and integrate them into our daily study, so as to learn easily and effectively.
In the specific learning process, the key point to grasp is classroom learning. Through listening to lectures, you must understand concepts, be familiar with laws, understand key points, difficulties, and doubts, clarify the knowledge structure, and do more hands-on work and thinking outside the classroom. This is to lay a solid foundation.
2. Be able to do the questions (for the college entrance examination)
Learning to understand the questions does not mean being able to do the questions well. If you want to get high scores, you must also be able to do the questions. It is necessary to review the questions, practice more questions, summarize more, and organize more. Examining questions means clarifying the known and unknown in the process of reading the questions, reviewing the physical quantities and physical processes involved in the questions, and clarifying their meanings; practicing more questions means doing more and practicing more to become familiar with the question types, and be familiar with the question types. In the process, the rules, methods and techniques for solving questions are summarized. When doing questions, don't just discuss the topic. You should explore the personality and relevance of the topic, learn to classify and sort it out, and learn by analogy, so as to easily cope with the college entrance examination.
3. Be able to apply (to facilitate life)
Apply theory into practice. In the final analysis, the value of learning does not lie in what is learned, but in the process of learning. Use methods to learn, and what you ultimately learn is the "method of learning"
Chemistry is a science about phenomena and changes. The ability to generalize and compare is very important for learning chemistry. Phenomenon is the physical and chemical properties of various elements. By summarizing and comparing various properties of various elements (of the same family, adjacent ones), and grasping the "phenomenon" in chemistry from their similarities and differences, we can also understand the flesh and bones of chemistry. As for the changes in various natures, as long as you grasp the essence of what changes and what does not change, then even if it is a change like Sun Wukong, you will become a Tathagata Buddha. By grasping the constants in chemistry (constant mass, conservation of energy, and conservation of charge), you can cope with its myriad changes.
Regarding the study of mathematics, physics, and chemistry, there is one very helpful thing that can be done. If you have the opportunity, try not to limit yourself to the teacher's lecture schedule, and give yourself an appropriate amount of time to study ahead of time. In this way, improving self-learning ability is one aspect, and it often plays an unexpected role in the integration of knowledge. When learning ahead of time, you will definitely have a lot of questions, or have a superficial understanding of some issues. When the teacher talks about this part of the content in class, you can listen to the teacher's lecture with questions and listen to the teacher's explanation. How is the understanding and grasp of knowledge different from your own understanding. In this way, you can truly master the knowledge in the classroom by questioning and verifying one by one. Especially in physics and chemistry, it is relatively easy to learn by yourself, so you should give yourself more advance time.
At first glance, there is not much content in high school chemistry, only three thin books (only two books for liberal arts). But if you think that high school chemistry is easy to learn based on this, you would be totally wrong. Whether it’s individuality, depth, difficulty, or height, high school chemistry has it all, and the questions are endless.
Many people compare chemistry to the liberal arts among sciences, because it has many knowledge points that require memorization. Such as characteristic color, state, odor, solubility, oxidation or reduction, specific gravity, etc.
This knowledge is very fragmentary and small, but its importance is self-evident. Many reasoning questions and multiple-choice questions often find breakthroughs from these properties. For example, if a gas with the smell of rotten eggs appears in the question, it can be determined to be H2S; if the two solutions turn blood red after mixing, it can be concluded that Fe3+ and ScN- exist, etc. Among the high school courses, there are only two subjects in which the author agrees to take notes, one is English and the other is chemistry (for science subjects). Therefore, it is necessary to record the knowledge learned in class. Organize them systematically and become familiar with them.
Memorizing many knowledge points is just the first step in a long journey of thousands of miles. Since high school chemistry is very theoretical, it pays more attention to cultivating and developing students' understanding and application abilities, and pays more attention to the internal connections and transfers and analogies between various knowledge points. The ability to connect and make analogies needs to be emphasized here (especially important for organic chemistry). Without these two abilities, you may be able to learn each chapter well, but once you take a comprehensive test, you will still be stretched thin. Only by systematizing and organizing each chapter and each knowledge point, connecting internally and externally, and crisscrossing each other to form a knowledge highway network, can we move forward and retreat freely in the endless chemistry examinations.
Let’s focus on the theoretical part.
First of all, we must mention the redox reaction. This is the theoretical part of high school chemistry that is worth writing home about because it is present throughout high school chemistry. To master this theory, one must not only memorize the oxidizing and reducing properties of various common substances and their relative strengths, but also must closely link them with electron gains and losses, increases and decreases in chemical valence, equation balancing, and electrode reaction formulas. This theory can be highly summarized in six words: gain low and lose high oxygen. "Get low and reduce" means that when an element gains electrons, its valence decreases (and vice versa), and at the same time, the element is reduced to produce a reduction product. "Losing hyperoxia" has the same meaning. As for the oxidizing (or reducing) strength of each element and the substances it consists of, it is closely related to the position of the element in the periodic table of elements.
The discovery of the periodic law of elements and the creation of the periodic table of elements is a major milestone in the history of chemistry. To grasp the periodic table, it is important to grasp the following rules: the main group number 2, the highest positive valence of the element in the group 2 the number of electrons in the outermost shell of the element in the group; the period number 2 the number of electron shells of the element in the period; the atomic radius is determined by the number of electron shells ( The primary cause) is determined by the same number as the nuclear charge number (secondary cause); in the same period, from left to right, the atomic radius increases in order; in the same main group, from top to bottom, the atomic radius increases in order; the larger the atomic radius, The weaker the ability to gain electrons (thus the weaker the oxidizing property), the stronger the ability to lose electrons (thus the stronger the reducing property); the chemical properties of elements in the same family are similar; and so on.
For another example, the rate of chemical reaction is affected by the concentration of reactants, external pressure, temperature, and catalyst, while the chemical equilibrium is affected by the concentration of reactants, pressure, and temperature, and has nothing to do with the catalyst. Regarding the principle of balanced movement, the author would like to emphasize the word "weakening" in this principle. Reduction does not mean elimination, which is similar to Lenz's law in physics. This principle applies not only to chemical equilibrium, but also to other equilibrium states such as ionization equilibrium and dissolution equilibrium. Speaking of ionization equilibrium, I might as well add a word. When studying the chapter "Electrolytes", you must remember: grasp the important substances and main contradictions, permeate with average thinking, supplemented by ion product constants and acidity and alkalinity pH values, and make full use of the conservation of matter and charge conservation (author's note: the so-called average thinking, For example, if two non-reactive gases have molecular weights of 10 and 20 respectively, the molecular weight after mixing must be between 10-20; if two non-reactive solutions have pH values ??of 1 and 6 respectively, then the mixed The final pH value must be between 1-6, etc. The average idea is widely used in high school chemistry and should be taken seriously).
Due to space limitations, the three parts of valence bond theory, molar and organic chemistry will not be discussed further.
According to surveys of college entrance examination scores over the years, no matter how difficult the questions in mathematics and physics are, there will always be people who get perfect scores. But only in chemistry, there has never been a perfect score. No wonder many people are afraid of high school chemistry and find it difficult to learn. Is chemistry really that difficult to learn? No, the method is still inappropriate. This is exactly why I want to emphasize chemistry. Many students do not really understand the characteristics of this course. What are the characteristics of chemistry? Chemistry is a liberal arts among sciences. Without the accumulation of a large number of basic concepts and basic knowledge, it will be useless no matter how smart you are just to have a smart mind and quick reactions.
In fact, the chemistry test questions in the college entrance examination every year are not very difficult. It basically does not have too flexible questions, and the requirements for students' thinking ability are lower than those of mathematics and physics. The reason why everyone does not do well in the exam is because the concepts are unclear and the things that should be memorized are not remembered. There are too many things to remember in chemistry, such as the molecular structure of the organic part, various reaction formulas, the molecular formulas of sugars and lipids, etc., which are all easily confused and difficult to remember. There are no shortcuts. To learn chemistry well, answering questions can only be effective if you have a comprehensive grasp of the book knowledge. If you have nothing to do, just flip through the chemistry textbook as if it were a novel. Until you have flipped through the three high school chemistry textbooks and memorized them by heart, then you can rest assured about your chemistry.