Mathematics: There seems to be no systematic introduction to mathematics in ancient China, so it should be arithmetic, arithmetic and another branch of geometry. In ancient China, this branch of mathematics was not called "geometry", but called "metaphysics". The word "geometry" was not a proper mathematical term in Chinese. The word "geometry" here means how much. Then, who first used the word "geometry" as a professional term of mathematics and used it to call this branch of mathematics? This is Xu Guangqi, an outstanding scientist in the late Ming Dynasty. In ancient times, nature was called "Tao (Tao's heart is only subtle)", "Heaven (the unity of man and nature)", "Nature (Tao Yuanming recovered and returned to nature)" and "HarmonyOS". In addition, there are also those called "Creator (Su Shi's # Red Cliff Fu" is the creator's endless hiding ") and" Nature (the Maker endowed all the mystic Nature grace here) ". 2. list a few famous topics in the nine chapters of arithmetic, preferably the original ancient prose
[1] There are fifteen steps in Tian Guang today, from sixteen steps. What is Tian Geometry?
Answer: one acre.
[2] There are twelve steps of Tian Guang, from fourteen steps. What is the field geometry?
Answer: 168 steps.
Fang Tian Shu said: You can multiply the number of steps by the number of steps.
Divide it by 24 steps, that is, the number of acres. One hundred acres is one hectare.
[3] Today, there is a field with a width of one mile, from one mile. What is the field geometry?
Answer: three hectares and seventy-five acres.
[4] There is Tian Guang Er Li, from Sanli. What is the field geometry?
Answer: 22 hectares and 5 mu.
Ritian Shu said: Multiply the miles widely to get the product miles. Multiply it by 375, that is, the number of mu. 3. The meaning of the number in ancient Chinese
In ancient Chinese, "number" has the following 1 meanings:
1. Used as a noun, it means: number; Quantity.
The source of ancient Chinese prose: Battle of Red Cliffs by Sima Guang in the Northern Song Dynasty: "Although there are many modes, there are not enough."
explanation: although the number is very large, it is not enough.
2. Used as a numeral, meaning: several; A few.
the source of ancient Chinese prose: Mencius, Warring States Period, wrote, "I am to the country": "Don't seize the time for a hundred acres of land, and a family of several people can be hungry."
definition: as long as the farm fields don't miss the farming season, families with several people won't have the worry of freezing.
3. Used as a noun, meaning: arithmetic.
source of ancient prose: Zhou Gongdan of the Han dynasty, Zhou Li? Da Situ: "Three Saying and Six Arts: Ritual, Music, Shooting, Imperial, Calligraphy and Numbering."
Interpretation: Six basic abilities that China ancient Confucianism required students to master: etiquette, music, archery, driving, calligraphy and arithmetic.
4. Used as a noun, meaning: method; Skill; Fang Shu
source of ancient prose: Fan Ye, Southern Song Dynasty, Book of the Later Han Dynasty? Wang Changchuan: "When Zhao Miao Wang Zilin was curious about the number."
Interpretation: At that time, Zhao Miao and Wang Zilin loved special skills.
5. Used as a noun, meaning: fate; Fixed number.
The source of ancient Chinese prose: Su Xun's Six Kingdoms in the Northern Song Dynasty: "The number of winners and losers, the principle of survival, should be compared with Qin."
Interpretation: Then the fate of survival depends on the contest with Qin.
6. Used as a noun, it means: regularity; Law.
the origin of ancient Chinese prose: Xunzi in the Warring States Period? The theory of heaven: "there is a constant in heaven and a constant in earth."
Interpretation: Heaven has a timeless law, and the earth has a timeless law.
7. Used as a verb, meaning: calculate; Count.
the source of ancient Chinese prose: Sima Qian's "Xinlingjun steals symbols to save Zhao": "Please count your sons' days."
Interpretation: Let me calculate the travel date of Gongzi.
8. Used as a verb, meaning: number theory; List.
source of ancient prose: Wen Tianxiang in the southern song dynasty <; ; Guide to the south > ; Preface: "If you can't take off your self-restraint, you will go straight ahead and criticize the handsome and break your promise, and count the uncles and nephews of Lu Shimeng as the inverse."
Interpretation: I secretly guessed that I couldn't get away, so I went straight forward and berated the commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army for failing to keep his word, and listed the charges of treason of Uncle Lv Shimeng.
9. Used as an adverb, it means: repeatedly; Many times.
The source of ancient Chinese prose: The Hongmen Banquet by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty: "Fan Zeng has several kings."
Interpretation: Fan Zeng motioned Xiang Yu with his eyes many times.
1. Used as an adjective, it means: dense, as opposed to "sparse".
the source of ancient Chinese prose: Mencius, Warring States Period, wrote, "I am a man to the country": "If you don't count, you can't eat fish and turtles."
definition: if the net is too fine to fish in the deep pool, so as to let the small fish go, then the aquatic products such as fish and turtles will never be finished.
Extended information
The evolution of the word "number":
The classical Chinese version of Shuo Wen Jie Zi: number, counting also. From the sound, Lou Sheng.
vernacular version of Shuo Wen Jie Zi: number, calculation. The glyph uses the word "澙" as the side and the word "Lou" as the side.
the combination of the word "number":
1. the words or symbols for calculating things. Combination words: "integer", "number" and "natural number".
2. A few words. Combination words: "years", "days" and "kinds".
3. Fate. Group words: "luck" and "doom".
4. calculation. Combination words: "Count the banknotes", "Count them" and "Countless".
5. blame. Group words: "criticizing". 4. the meaning and way of "ride" in ancient Chinese
the basic meaning of riding and sitting: horse, car, passenger and policeman. 2. While taking advantage, take advantage, opportunity, momentum, interest and convenience. 3.
.5. surname. detailed word meaning < move > 1. (knowing. Oracle Bone Inscriptions-shaped, from the big (person) to the wood, indicating that people climb on the tree. "big" is like the front of "person". Original meaning: ascend, ascend) 2. Multiply with the original meaning [ascend] and ascend. Take the city (climb the city; Guarding the city); Take the house (on the roof) 4. Ride; Ride in where long ago a yellow crane bore a sage to heaven, nothing is left now but the Yellow Crane Terrace. —— Don Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower rides with it. Fight with a long spoon. —— Zuo Zhuan's Ten Years of Zhuang Gong 5. Another example is: riding; By boat (by boat); Take a run (on a fast Mercedes-Benz horse); Take the porch (in the doctor's car); Take a raft (take a bamboo raft instead of a boat. Later used as a metaphor to avoid the world) 6. Drive a horse and drive; Ride [drive] the ox and ride the horse. —— "Under the Yi copula" rides the fat horse, and wears light clothes .—— "The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye" 7. Another example is: riding (driving the horses and chariots to March; Drive; Servitude); Ride a cloud (ride a cloud; Jinyun); Ride a horse (ride a horse, drive a car with a horse) 8. Take advantage of it; Take advantage of [take advantage of] to take advantage of the present, because there is no help. —— Han Jiayi's Public Security Policy cannot be attacked, but it can't be taken .—— Song Su Shi's Theory of Waiting for Hou then takes advantage of its harsh voice, and the noise is chasing each other. —— Ming Zhang Pu's Monument to the Tomb of Five 9. Another example is: taking trouble. Take advantage of the loopholes); Take advantage of leisure (taking advantage of leisure); Take the air (while free); Take advantage of the victory (taking advantage of the victory situation) 1. Hold on; Rely on [rely on] to take advantage of the advantages. —— Han Jiayi's "On the Qin Dynasty" 11. Another example is: taking advantage of the advantages to win (relying on the situation of victory); Multiply positive (according to the right path); Take advantage (by virtue of favorable situation) 12. Brave [brave] to ride the snowstorm from the capital, ride the Qihe River and Changqing ... As for Tai 'an. —— Qing Yao Nai's "Climbing Mount Tai" 13. Staggered (appeared) [alternative] multiplication of soldiers and droughts, the world was greatly defeated. —— On accumulation and storage, written by Gu from the Republic of China. Sun Wen's "A Brief Introduction to the Seventy-two Martyrs in Huanghuagang" 14. Use one number to make another number [multiply] in arithmetic. For example, 8 times 7 to get 56 < name > 1. Multiplication in arithmetic also refers to the operation method of multiplication [multiplication]. For example, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division 2. Buddhist teachings [yana].