Su Shi was open-minded, frank and sincere, and won the Taoist style. Good friends, good food, created a lot of food, good tea, but also elegant and good travel. Su Shi was born in the Ming Dynasty, his father was Su Xun, an essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Su Xun (No. Lao Quan (Ming Yun) and his younger brother Su Zhe (No Ziyou,No. Yingbin posthumous work) are called "Sansu" and both belong to the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".
"Three Sus" also appeared in Bi Shi's Talk about Swallows in Lushui. The fourth book "Talented Scholars" said: "Su Wen is good at the world, and his words are called' three Su', and he is the old Su, Shi is the big Su, and he is the little Su."
Su Xun's article "The Six Kingdoms" is a masterpiece, with a long analysis and full momentum.
What is the fate of serving the country with great ambition?
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination. Su Xun took Su Shi, 2 1 year-old, and Su Zhe, 0/9/year-old, from Xishu, east of the Yangtze River, and went to Beijing for the exam in the second year of Jiayou (1057). Su Shi's theory of rewarding loyalty with punishment won the appreciation of examiner Ouyang Xiu. Su Shi wrote: "Hao Tao is a scholar and can kill people. Said to kill the third, Yao said to kill the third. " Ouyang Xiu praised: "This man can be said to be good at reading and using books. His articles will be unique in the world in the future."
In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called the "three-year Beijing Examination", and got the third grade of "the first in a hundred years", granting judges in Fengxiang Prefecture of Dali the qualification to judge and sign books. Four years later, he returned to North Korea and was sentenced to Wen Gu College.
In the third year of Zhiping (1066), Wang Anshi's political reform, which shook the ruling and opposition parties, began. Su Shi was forced to leave Beijing because he opposed the new law and disagreed with the new prime minister Wang Anshi. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty.
In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), Su Shi wrote about the disadvantages of the new law. Wang Anshi was very angry, so he asked Xie Jing to tell Su Shi's fault in front of Zongshen. Su Shi then sought a job in Beijing and was sentenced to general punishment in Hangzhou.
In the autumn of the seventh year of Xining (1074), Su Shi was transferred to Mizhou.
The case of moving Xuzhou to build Su Causeway and Huzhou to move Wutai
From April in the tenth year of Xining (1077) to March in the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he served as the magistrate of Xuzhou. Cao Village of the Yellow River burst its banks. Su Shi said in the Book of the Emperor: "Move to Xuzhou, observe the trend of mountains and rivers, observe its customs, and test it on the record, and you will know that Xuzhou is the key to the north and south, and the security of JD.COM counties is also more than 70 miles northeast of the state, that is, the state prison. Since ancient times, iron officials and businessmen have gathered, and its people are rich and happy, every 36 smelting.
The emperor approved the plan to build a dike. During his stay in Xuzhou, Su Shi repaired Su Causeway, built a yellow house, planted pine trees, traveled in the Carboniferous Period, prayed for rain at Xumen Stone Beach, prayed for sunshine at the Hangaodi Temple in Xuzhou, prayed for snow at the Fog Pig Spring in Xiaoxian County, and lived in Xiaoyao Hall with his younger brother Su Zhe for more than 100 days, "sharing the ancient frontier with Qinghe", and swam Surabaya with tourists, climbing high and looking far. As soon as he took office, he got rid of the old and innovated, and made great achievements because of the convenience of the law.
In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), 43-year-old Su Shi was transferred to Huzhou. After taking office, he wrote a letter to Xie Biao in Huzhou, which led to the famous Wutai poetry case in the Northern Song Dynasty. This is a very common thing, but Su Shi is a poet, and his works are often full of emotion. Even if the red-headed document is personal, he says that he is "stupid and out of date, and newcomers are hard to catch up with" and "old people can make trouble or support the king". These words were used by the new party to call him "stupid and inappropriate."
They picked out sentences that they thought implied sarcasm from a large number of Su Shi's poems, and for a time there was an anti-Soviet voice in the court. Su Shi, who was in office for three months, was arrested by Yushitai and escorted to Beijing. Dozens of people are involved.
The demoted Huangzhou lived in Danzhou.
The great blow of Wutai poetry case became the turning point of Su Shi's life. Because the elders of the DPRK and Wang Anshi went to the table: "Do you kill talents when you have a holy world?" This poem case was judged by Wang Anshi, and Su Shi was given a lighter sentence, and was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) as an assistant for group training, "home to this state" and supervised by local officials. Su Shi was imprisoned 103 days and was killed.
Thanks to Song Taizu's national policy of not killing Zhao Kuangyin literati, he dodged a bullet. Su Shi was disheartened. After taking office, Su Shi visited Chibi Mountain outside Huangzhou for many times, and wrote famous works such as "Red Cliff Fu", "Post-Red Cliff Fu" and "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia" to express his thoughts and feelings in exile. Land reclamation in the east of the city earned the nickname "Dongpo lay man".
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou and was stationed in Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Later, the court agreed to change Changzhou.
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Song Zhezong ascended the throne, Sima Guang was reactivated, and the new party headed by Wang Anshi was suppressed. Su Shi returned to the post of assistant minister of the DPRK and went to Dengzhou (Penglai). Four months later, the doctor was recalled to North Korea. In the first half, he was promoted to a living room. Three months later, I entered middle school. Soon after, he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Hanlin, an imperial edict and a tribute to the Ministry of Rites. Yuan You four years (1089), Su Shi holds a bachelor's degree in Longtuge, knowing Hangzhou. Su Shi went to Hangzhou as an official for the second time. He built the Sugong dike to prevent the Qiantang River from flooding and was praised by the people of Hangzhou.
Yuan You's Empress Dowager died in the eighth year, and Zhezong came to power, and the new party came to power again. In June of the first year of Shaosheng (1094), he was demoted to Ningyuan Army and sent to Huizhou (now Huizhou, Guangdong) again. Born four years less (1097), 62-year-old Su Shi was sent to Danzhou, a desolate place on Hainan Island. He regarded Danzhou as his second hometown. "I was originally from Daner, and I was parasitic in Xishu.".
He runs a school here, introduces the style of study, and makes many people travel thousands of miles to Danzhou to learn from Su Shi. Later, he wrote a poem for Su Shi: "The sea is broken and the pearl cliff is unprecedented." Su Shi is a pioneer and sower of Danzhou culture, and he has deep respect for him. Dongpo Village, Dongpo Well, Dongpo Field, Dongpo Road, Dongpo Bridge, Dongpo Hat, etc. There is a kind of "Dongpo dialect" handed down from Danzhou, which expresses people's memory and even the language.
Politically, fate is contradictory and Changzhou is dead.
In April of Fu Yuan's third year (1 100), the imperial court granted amnesty and Su Shi was reinstated as Chao. Su Shi died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) on July 28th (11August 24th) in Jianzhong, at the age of 65. After Song Gaozong acceded to the throne, Su Shi was posthumously awarded as a teacher; In Song Xiaozong, he pursued "Wen Zhong".
Develop Su Ci, carry forward this poem as Ci, and integrate it into one.
Open up su ci
Su Shi has made extraordinary achievements in the creation of ci. As far as the development of a style itself is concerned, the historical contribution of Su Ci has surpassed that of Su Wen and Su Shi. After Liu Yong, Su Shi carried out a comprehensive reform of ci style, and finally broke through the traditional pattern of "Ke Yan", improved the literary status of ci, changed ci from an accessory of music to an independent lyric style, and fundamentally changed the development direction of ci history.
Su Shi's "Poetry as Ci" is to break through the restrictions and constraints of music on Ci, and make Ci become an independent lyric style from an accessory of music.
Su Shi was a key figure in the change of ci style in Song Dynasty. Wang Zhuo's "Lan Feng Man Zhi" said: "Mr. Dongpo is not addicted to temperament, but occasionally writes songs, pointing out that all the way up, the world will change, so that the author will know the shock." Strengthen the literariness of words and weaken their dependence on music. The style of ci that influenced later generations. Works reflect a bold, open and aboveboard new style, such as when is the bright moon? .
The fusion of poetry and poetry
Su Shi's views on society and thoughts on life are undisguised in his literary works, among which poetry is the most hearty. In more than 2,700 Su poems, the theme of intervening in social reality and thinking about life is very prominent. Su Shi's attitude towards various unreasonable phenomena in social reality is "out of date", and he always regards criticizing reality as an important theme of his poems. What is more valuable is that Su Shi's criticism of society is not limited to the New Deal or the present. He criticized the long-standing abuses and bad habits in feudal society, and embodied a deeper critical consciousness.
With ordinary life content and natural scenery, there are profound truths, such as two poems, Xilin Wall Topic and He Zi You Mianchi Nostalgia. Poems are both beautiful and interesting, such as the Sangha Pagoda in Sizhou, drinking the rain after the Qing Dynasty on the lake, and treating the wind in Cihu.
essay
Su Shi's literary thought pays equal attention to literature and Taoism. He praised Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu for their contributions to ancient Chinese prose from two aspects: literature and Taoism. However, Su Shi's view on articles was very unique in the Northern Song Dynasty. The art of the article has independent value. He advocates the diversity and vividness of artistic style and opposes the unification of literary style. He believes that it will make the literary world as barren as "yellow hair and white reed". Su Wen is full of energy, but his language is simple and natural, which is one of the characteristics that Wen Song is different from Tang Wen.
For example, On Jia Yi accused Jia Yi of not knowing how to make friends with ministers in order to win the trust of the court, and On Fan Zeng suggested that Fan Zeng should be the righteous emperor to kill Xiang Yu. However, there are also many original opinions, such as On Hou, which claims that the old man was a hermit in Qin Dynasty and humiliated Sean to cultivate his perseverance. On Wang Ping criticizes Zhou Pingwang's blunder in avoiding bandits and moving the capital, which is novel, profound and enlightening.
His Ci and Fu inherited Ouyang Xiu's tradition, but absorbed the prose of ancient prose and the lyrical meaning of poetry, which made Zhao You better than Lan, and created famous works such as Fu on the Red Wall and Fu on the Back Red Wall. Su Shi's prose is as famous as Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi in the Song Dynasty, but from the literary point of view, Su Wen is undoubtedly the most accomplished one in Song Wenzhong.
calligraphy
Su Shi is good at writing running script and regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. He studied with famous artists in Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and integrated the creative styles of Wang Sengqian, Xu Hao, Li Yong, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi into his family. He once claimed: "I can't create ideas in books" and "I am innovative and don't practice the ancients". Huang Tingjian called him: "In the early years, the pen was refined and not as natural as the boss." This shows that Su Shi's life is full of ups and downs, which led to the ups and downs of his calligraphy style. The existing works include Red Cliff Fu, Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry and Yellow River Sacrifice.
draw
Su Shi is good at painting ink bamboo, and his paintings are as heavy as spirit. He advocated that painting should have feelings beyond painting, painting should have sustenance, and opposed similarity and procedural constraints. He advocated "the unity of poetry and painting, ingenious and fresh" and clearly put forward the concept of "literati painting", which laid a certain theoretical foundation for the future development of "literati painting". His works include Atlas of Ancient Trees and Strange Stones and Atlas of Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stones.
label
Su Dongpo is a hopeless optimist, a great humanist, a friend of the people, a great writer, a great calligrapher, an innovative painter, an experimenter in brewing, an engineer, a hater of Puritans, a Buddhist in yoga, a great Confucian politician, the secretary of the emperor, Brewmaster, a kind judge and a political naysayer. Wanderers, Poets and Clowns in the Moonlight —— Lin Yutang
Su Shi's official career is not smooth, but he is happy. He has high attainments in literature and poetry, and can be regarded as the representative of the highest literary achievement in Song Dynasty. Moreover, Su Shi's creative activities are not limited to literature. He has made outstanding achievements in calligraphy, painting and other fields, and also made contributions in medicine, cooking, water conservancy and other skills. Su Shi is a typical representative of the cultural spirit in Song Dynasty. It has a far-reaching influence on later cultures. He is one of the greatest poets in China.