Four Basic Principles of English Teaching in Junior Middle Schools
First, the communication principle
1. Develop colorful language exchange activities.
For a long time, in English teaching class, it is our expected result to effectively carry out language communication activities. On the other hand, students' language application ability can achieve the purpose of applying what they have learned and achieving immediate results. English class is a kind of. Skills? Students, is it one? Activities? British writer Eckersley once said? English teaching is different from other subjects in the school curriculum. ? Are people who only learn (or teach) English wrong? English? As a subject (such as geography or physics), but it is not, it is like swimming or tennis, it is a kind of? Skill? , or as a? Activities? . You learn to swim by swimming in the water, learn football by playing football, and learn English by speaking English instead of being taught. ? His words clarified a truth: learning English must be achieved through a lot of practical activities. In other words, what is English communicative competence? Practice? It will, won't it? Teaching? I will. ? Pursuing new goals? The five workbooks and two sets of homework in the textbook also confirm this point. For the students in Class Two, Grade Eight, they have a strong sense of competition and desire to express themselves, and they like to talk with each other, tell (edit) stories and perform in class. Students like this class very much and have active thinking. Sometimes, it will be more colorful to let them think of some activities to practice and comment.
2. Teaching should have context.
Context is the premise of English teaching. Without context, discourse has no communicative function. Like what? Excuse me. Express different meanings in different contexts. Language has not only form, but also meaning and function. The same function can be expressed in many languages. Like what? You're welcome. You're welcome? what's up That? It doesn't matter. /it? It's my pleasure. /you? Welcome to visit. ? Waiting for expression. The same form may have multiple functions, such as? The cliff is over there. ? Really? Warning: You must be careful. Suggestion: You can go there and have a look. Statement:. There are some cliffs over there? And other functions. Therefore, it is necessary to provide students with as many real contexts as possible in communication activities and create a language learning environment that meets their needs. For example, the robot mentioned in unit 1 in the second volume of the eighth grade. You can provide such a context: let your partner play a robot in your home; Let the group carry out robot activities, while others give speeches while watching, which can really cultivate students' English application ability. Of course, the forms and methods of situations are diversified, so that students' hearing, vision and motor organs can be added to the activities, which can arouse students' enthusiasm to the maximum extent.
Second, the principle of listening before speaking
1, to help students break through the first level of listening discrimination.
Spoken language is a spoken language. Pronunciation is very important in oral communication. Whether pronunciation, intonation and speaking speed conform to English standards and norms is directly related to the quality of oral communication.
Where are the students in junior high school English class? Listen. There are always difficulties on this issue. It is also a big challenge for teachers to let students break through listening. In the ordinary teaching process, several small details can't be ignored. Such as: common links; In the text, the tone of the dialogue; Key words such as turning point and juxtaposition, characters in dialogue; In the teaching and reading of common words, we should distinguish long sounds from short sounds, monosyllables, diphthongs, voiced consonants and so on. When we find mistakes in pronunciation, we should correct them in time. Guide students to use correct learning methods, develop good study habits and lay a good foundation for learning English.
2. Based on spoken English.
Learning English should start with speaking. Any language used by human beings has spoken language before written language, which is the recording symbol of spoken language. Combining the characteristics of English classes and students in Grade Two. It is advisable to follow the natural law of language production and development. There is a big picture at the beginning of each unit, so that students can tell the people and things in the picture orally, or say a few words, or make up a short story, which can be as big as practice. This process also needs to be gradual and persistent.
Oral practice plays a leading role in English teaching, and its advantages can be summarized as follows: oral English can distract difficulties and students can study easily and happily; Students can learn authentic English pronunciation and intonation in practice, which is convenient for students to spell words correctly according to spelling rules, understand the meaning of words and improve reading speed. Oral practice is very conducive to the establishment of English thinking.
Third, the principle of situational teaching
1, used in situational middle schools and scenarios.
Language has certain creativity and flexibility. The time, place, occasion and identity of the speaker all restrict the content and tone of his speech. It is very important to cultivate students' ability to create and use language flexibly and create situations in the teaching process. In my opinion, in the whole classroom teaching process, whether presenting new knowledge or consolidating and reviewing old knowledge, teachers need to let students do it in meaningful situations as much as possible. So what can teachers borrow to create situations in the daily teaching process? Simple can use teaching wall charts, models, objects, stick figures and so on. We can also use our own gestures, actions, expressions and other gestures. You can also use modern teaching equipment such as slides and tape recorders to make English teaching as vivid and vivid as possible and provide various teaching situations and real communication occasions for English teaching. Creating English communication situations and atmosphere can help students understand what they have learned without translation. Understand the meaning of sentences and even use them. Think of the situation when you hear the sentence, and blurt it out when you see the sentence, so that students can learn and use it in the situation.
2. Pay attention to the role of students in the classroom and understand their preferences and wishes.
In order to better implement teaching in English class, it is very important to pay attention to the role of students in receiving knowledge, including their ideas and what they want to know most. Obviously, the method of teaching them knowledge is not unique, and their acceptance of your teaching content will not be unique, so we should respect students' self-awareness and their role-playing in class. It is necessary for us to know what students expect from their teachers and how to tell them. Understanding students' preferences, beliefs and wishes from their peers will help us understand students' thoughts and reactions, create a harmonious atmosphere of cooperation between teachers and students, and improve students' learning motivation and trust in teachers.
Fourth, the principle of interesting teaching.
1, not interested, not studying.
Interest is a powerful internal motivation to promote learning. Junior high school students learn English with a purpose and a task. Many students are? Study? It is associated with concepts such as boredom, exams, homework and wasting time. On the other hand, some students think English is a very happy thing. The former is in a kind of? Nervous? With what? Stress? Passive learning in the atmosphere, gossip learning through play, active learning through personal experience, so there will be differences. As a teacher, I feel interested and need to start teaching students. Let them learn to relax naturally, but concentrate.
2. Teachers' attitude towards students will also affect their interest in learning.
In language teaching, the exemplary role of teachers and the harmonious communication between teachers and students are particularly important. For example, when giving instructions to students, use more? What are we going to do? Sentence patterns can narrow the distance between teachers and students; When students answer, it is best to give a comment first: What about you? You are smart, and your pronunciation is good? Wait a minute. Students can appreciate the correct aspects of students first, and then correct the answers given by students. These attitudes are acceptable to students. Today's students are all clown at home, and they all have great personalities. As a language teacher, a young and lively mood, a sense of humor and personal enthusiasm are all important. We should always pay attention to protecting students' self-esteem, enhancing students' self-confidence, giving priority to encouragement and praise, and stimulating their feelings and interests in actively learning English.
18 common teaching methods in English classroom
1. pantomime teaching method
Teaching content directly determines students' desire to learn and restricts language teachers' choice of teaching methods. The main part of the book for students is the classic English fairy tales. In English class, when children wander in fantasy fairy tales, their enthusiasm for learning English is fully mobilized, and when they become good friends with vivid fairy tale characters, their English will also make great progress.
2. Situational teaching
Fresh English Fresh American English is a special part of our daily English. In English class, teachers simulate various real scenes in life for students, vividly present the unit subjects that students are interested in, and organize students to practice new knowledge repeatedly in the scenes to achieve the learning effect of applying what they have learned.
3. Music and rhythm teaching method
Happy melodies and dynamic hymns are English songs and poems in our textbooks. What does English teaching include? Rap? In English. With rhythm? Rap? Body shape, combined with scientifically arranged rhythmic movements, can fully mobilize vision, hearing, speech ability and body movements, so that children can really do it? Do you understand? English, really? Blurt out? Pure English, really? Study? Can speak English. Are English songs and children's songs in students' books really designed for children? You want to learn when you see it, and you can jump when you learn it? British rhythmic gymnastics. Fully consider the characteristics of children's movements, organically cooperate with English pronunciation and rhythm, and learn easily and jump easily. Coordinated movements make children deeply feel the beauty of English and the fun of learning English.
4. Direct spelling teaching method
Funny spelling is a set of sound sources based on English letters, which students can learn without learning? Can you read and write by reading? English vocabulary teaching method based on network. It uses the simplest, most practical and most direct basic pronunciation of letters and letter combinations, so that students can quickly master the reading skills of new words, and can quickly remember words and read articles. We also match each phoneme with vivid, simple and easy-to-remember gestures to help students pronounce correctly.
5. Associative teaching method
Magic structure is a key giant expansion exercise, but it fully mobilizes students' associative ability according to the internal relationship between knowledge points, and guides students to correctly and efficiently establish knowledge networks in their brains through extension, expansion, reasoning and imagination, thus quickly transforming new knowledge from short-term memory to permanent memory.
6. Language experience teaching method
If English learning is based on students' own experiences and interests, the learning effect will be better. The link of story DIY in many textbooks is to mobilize students to recall their life experiences and hobbies, and then make up stories to tell and write them down. Language experience teaching method can help students progress from spoken language to written language in a natural process.
7. Three-dimensional representation teaching method
Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve shows that people's forgetting in learning is regular and the process of forgetting is unbalanced: in the initial stage of memory, the speed of forgetting is very fast, then it gradually slows down, and after a long time, it is almost no longer forgotten. Only the compilation of teaching materials, for? Forget the rules? Important knowledge points are repeated lesson by lesson, unit by unit and book by book, so that students can remember as much as they can; Use as much as you can remember.
8. Direct mother tongue teaching method
All-English teaching: give children an all-English environment, let them get used to listening, speaking and thinking directly in English, get rid of the process of secondary translation in their minds, quickly master English pronunciation habits and language sense, react directly like their mother tongue, think directly in English and speak standard English.
9. Natural teaching method
In English learning, the way of learning is much better than learning. Therefore, the creation of English classroom environment is close to students' real life. Teachers use what students have learned in the past to design teaching activities, which are similar to the culture of students in English-speaking countries and easy for them to understand. When introducing new words and new knowledge, teachers should try their best to master English in the actual environment, just like mastering their mother tongue (Chinese).
10. Total body response (TPR method)
Almost every sentence of English taught to students is accompanied by vivid actions, so that children can express their meaning with actions while speaking English. The total response teaching method emphasizes the interactive mode in language learning. It can catch students' attention at once, attract students to participate in activities, and let them experience English in a relaxed and happy learning environment, as if they were there.
1 1. Group teaching method
In class, the group teaching method is often used to teach words, focusing on the topics that students are most interested in talking about, and then the teacher will turn the vocabulary and sentence patterns used in the topics into teaching materials suitable for students to learn. Grouping teaching method can improve the safety of learning ability, make students pay attention to the learning process, grasp the opportunity to practice L2 ambition, and promote the determination of comprehensive analysis. In a word, the teaching view of group learning method not only includes the viewpoint of cognitive process and psycholinguistic development, but also takes into account that it has deeply influenced learners' personal emotional level before the learning process begins.
12. Silent teaching method
When using this teaching method, teachers adopt the attitude of silence, observation and no active intervention, and with the help of special teaching charts, create a learning environment that students can boldly try, and guide students to deduce new knowledge through what they have learned. Through experiments and self-correction, students gradually achieve the successful effect of spontaneous learning. In the process of learning, students are not only aware of their learning status, but also discuss, modify, suggest or solve problems with their classmates.
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Games are an indispensable part of children's lives. They imitate the life of adults in the game and experience life in various ways. More than 300 kinds of classroom teaching games have been designed in English class. From the teaching content, it is divided into word teaching games, sentence teaching games, pronunciation teaching games, poetry teaching games and consolidation review games; It can be divided into competitions, score guessing, role performance, listening and reaction, simulation, rhythm, tone sandhi games, etc. Classroom teaching games run through the teaching process of imitation, practice and flexible application. These teaching methods fully satisfy children's psychological needs of being fun, active, curious, competitive and praised, so that they can concentrate, feel high and think actively, and give full play to their learning potential. In game teaching, it is very common for children to learn one or twenty English sentences or dozens of words in one class.
14. Drama teaching
According to the children's specific teaching objects, we adapted all the selected fairy tales into scripts. In teaching, let children play various roles in the play, and learn to perform one scene at a time. After learning one, a pantomime has been rehearsed and can be staged. Through teaching and rehearsing performances, children's oral English communication ability has been improved rapidly. This method is more vivid and natural than virtual oral English teaching in isolated scenes, and the teaching effect is very obvious.
15.I +E teaching method
According to the characteristics of English learning, language acquisition and English language in China, this complete teaching method is formed by adopting EC teaching mode, that is, English plus computer? Three brains? One? Tripartite cooperation? , pass? Are three people ready? And then what? Eight fast? Hierarchical training can promote the development of thinking with the development of language and improve IQ and EQ with the development of thinking. Make students' intelligence quotient (IQ) and emotional quotient (EQ) develop in harmony. English-only textbooks choose fairy tales as teaching materials, fully considering that students can fully understand the characters, drama plots and the relationship in specific plots, so as to achieve the purpose of learning English and living.
16. Communicative Approach
Communicating with others is the purpose of learning a language. The real communication in the classroom is to lay a solid foundation for students to apply what they have learned after leaving the classroom. Teaching forms are arranged in real life scenes, such as asking for directions, dining, home visits, etc. Students talk in English to solve the problems in these scenes. Therefore, we can master the functions of English we have learned.
17. Task-based approach
Task-based teaching method decomposes the whole process of cultivating language practical application ability into various teaching tasks, thus creating real communication situations and enabling students to successfully complete the established English teaching goals. In the process of completing a task, they sometimes discuss cooperation with their classmates, sometimes think independently, sometimes review what they have learned, and sometimes refer to new knowledge, so as to skillfully integrate learning English into the completion of the task, so as not to let students feel that they are learning English for the sake of learning English, and to put an end to it imperceptibly? Dead reading, dead reading? The phenomenon appeared.
18. environmental suggestion induction
It is suggested that the psychological skill of "actively encouraging and stimulating children's potential", which specializes in induced teaching method, is simply to make children feel a sense of accomplishment, eliminate psychological obstacles and give full play to their learning potential.