Sun Wu and Sun Bin were famous military strategists in ancient my country. "Sun Tzu's Art of War" and "Sun Bin's Art of War" are two famous art of war handed down from generation to generation. Sun Wu, courtesy name Changqing, was a native of the Qi State in the late Spring and Autumn Period; Sun Bin was born in the Warring States Period and is said to be a descendant of Sun Wu. Regarding Sun Wu, there is only a short biography of three to four hundred words in "Historical Records". The main story is that Sun Wu dedicated thirteen chapters of "The Art of War" to King Helu of Wu. The King of Wu wanted to test his art of war and asked Sun Wu to train his concubines in the art of war. , "The woman's left, right, front and back kneels and rises all follow the rules." It was appreciated by King Helu of Wu and he was worshiped as a general of the state of Wu. Later, Sun Wu led his army to defeat the powerful Chu State and occupied Ying, the capital of Chu State (today's north of Jiangling, Hubei Province), making Wu "famous among the princes" and became one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. More than 100 years later, in the middle of the Warring States Period, Sun Bin was born. "Sun Bin" was not his real name, but he got his name because he was brutally tortured (having his kneecaps dug out). Why did Sun Bin receive this unfair punishment? It turned out that he and Wei general Pang Juan once studied the art of war together, but he was jealous and tortured. Later, he went to the State of Qi and was reused by General Tian Ji of Qi, and became the national advisor of King Wei of Qi. He commanded the famous battles in military history such as "Besieging Wei and rescuing Zhao", "Battle of Guiling", "Battle of Maling", etc., and defeated Wei, the most powerful state at the time. "Sun Bin became famous in the world with this name, and his military skills were passed down from generation to generation." Sun Wu and Sun Bin were not only famous generals with outstanding achievements, but also each had military works handed down from generation to generation. These are the famous "Sun Tzu's Art of War" and "Sun Bin's Art of War" both at home and abroad. "The Art of War", written by Sun Wu, also known as "Wu Sun Tzu". "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" records "Wu Sunzi's eighty-two chapters and nine volumes of pictures". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao re-educated and deleted 13 chapters of the then-current "Wu Sun Tzu" and made individual annotations for them. Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty said, "Sun Wu wrote hundreds of thousands of words, and Wei Wu (Cao Cao) cut down the remainder. "The essence of the pen is condensed into this book", which is "Sun Tzu's Art of War" that has been passed down through the ages. The 13 chapters are "Plan", "Combat", "Attack", "Shape", "Position", "Virtual Reality", and "Military Struggle". 〉, 〈Nine Transformations〉, 〈March〉, 〈Terrain〉, 〈Nine Grounds〉, 〈Fire Attack〉, 〈Space〉. The fragmentary slips of Sun Wu unearthed from the Han Dynasty Tomb in Yinqueshan, Linyi, Shandong in 1972, except for "Wu Wen", "Four Changes", "Meeting the King of Wu" and other lost texts, the rest of the chapters are basically consistent with what has been circulated. There are many annotators of "The Art of War" by Cao Cao. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Song Dynasty, many new annotations appeared. Among them, the most famous ones are Liang Mengshi, Wu Shenyou, Sui Zhang Zishang, Xiao Ji, and Tang Li. Quan, Du Mu, Chen Gao and Jia Lin annotated it, and Song Mei Yaochen, Wang Xi, He Yanxi and Zhang Yu annotated it. In addition, there are also annotated volumes such as "Sun Zi Ji Jie" by Wei Cao Cao and Wang Ling, and "Sun Zi Ji Jie" by Tang Jijian. After the Northern Song Dynasty, except for those of Zhang Zishang, Shen You, and Xiao Ji, all the single-note versions were preserved in Song Ji Tianbao's "Shi Jia Sunzi Hui Zhu", forming "Shi Jia Zhu". "Notes on the Ten Families" plus the annotations quoted from "The Art of War" in the Tang Dynasty's "Du You Tongdian" are also called "Notes on the Eleven Families". Since the Song Dynasty, due to the widespread use of engraving and printing, "Sun Tzu's Art of War" has had many different versions. Only the contemporary Lu Dajie's "Sun Tzu Kao" and "Sun Tzu's Art of War Bibliography" have included dozens of versions. These many different versions can be divided into three types, namely the "Annotations of Emperor Wu of Wei" version, the "Seven Books of Martial Arts" version, and the "Annotations of the Eleven Family" version. The whereabouts of the Song-blocked version of "Emperor Wu of Wei's Notes" are unknown. Today there is a photo-engraved version of "Pinglvguan Series" by Sun Xingyan of the Qing Dynasty. The Song-blocked version of "Seven Books of the Five Classics" also flowed into Japan in 1906, and the "Xugu Yicong" has it. Photocopy of the book; the Song Dynasty edition of "Eleven Family Notes" has a full version and a fragmented version in the Beijing Library, and a full (slightly incomplete) version in the Shanghai Library. "Sun Tzu's Art of War" provides a high-level summary of the ancient war doctrine, reflecting the rich dialectics of military strategists and simple materialist views. In his book on war, Sun Wu focused on the basic factors that determine the outcome of a war. He believed that before the war, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the political, economic, military, weather, geography, generals' talents and other aspects of the enemy and our situation, and grasp the objective laws of war. In terms of strategy and tactics, Sun Wu attached great importance to "avoiding the real and attacking the fictitious" and "the combination of the strange and the right", and commented: "Soldiers have no constant momentum, and water has no constant shape. Those who can win due to the changes of the enemy are called gods." In military philosophy. , Sun Wu put forward the conclusion that "know yourself and the enemy, and you can fight a hundred battles without danger". A series of combat principles in "Sun Tzu's Art of War" are based on "know yourself and the enemy". The chapter "Yongjian" details the use and characteristics of spies, and explains the use of spies. The importance of spies understanding the enemy's situation, that is, "knowing the enemy", played a leading and promoting role in the use of spies in wars in later generations. In today's world, there are so many espionage cases and intelligence wars are fierce. Sun Wu's prophecy of "doing everything" is right on target. As a military strategist, he took an extremely cautious attitude towards war. "Soldiers are a major event for the country, the place of life and death, and the path to survival. We must observe them." He advocated that troops should not be used lightly. "The Art of War" is the oldest surviving military book in my country and the earliest military work in the world. It has been translated into Japanese, English, Russian, German, French, Czech and other languages. It has great influence in the military field at home and abroad and has always been regarded as Known as "The Classic of War". Compared with "Sun Tzu's Art of War", the fate of "Sun Bin's Art of War" is so unfortunate. If it had not been unearthed from the Yinqueshan Han Tomb in Linyi, Shandong Province in 1972 after more than a thousand years of obscurity, it might have been lost forever. "Sun Bin's Art of War", written by Sun Bin, also known as "Sun Tzu of Qi". "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" records, "Eighty-nine chapters of "Qi Sunzi", four volumes of pictures", but there is no description in "Suishu Jingjizhi"; it may have been lost before the Sui Dynasty.
"Sun Bin's Art of War" compiled from the fragments of the Yinqueshan Han Tomb is divided into two parts. The upper part includes "Capturing Pang Juan" and "Seeing King Wei" (the title of the fragments has been lost, and those added by the compiler are added [ ] to show the difference), "Weiwang asked", "Chen Ji asked the base", "Usurping soldiers", "Moon war", "Eight formations", "Dibao", "Position preparation", "Military situation", " Fifteen chapters on "Xing Usuru", "Killing Soldiers", "Extension of Qi", "Guan Yi", and "Strengthening the Army"; the lower part is divided into "Ten Formations", "Ten Questions", "Lie Jia", "Guest and Host" , 〈good person〉, 〈five five honors〉, [lost soldiers], 〈general righteousness〉, [general virtue], 〈general defeat〉, [general loss], [heroic female city], [five degrees and nine seizures] , [Ji Shu], "Qi Zheng" 15 articles. In "Sun Bin's Art of War", Sun Bin called the objective law of war "Tao". He developed Sun Wu's theory of "I am specialized and the enemy is divided". He believed that the weak can defeat the strong, and the few can defeat the many. One must be good at mobilizing and containing and disperse enemy forces, concentrate superior forces, and destroy the enemy on the move. Sun Bin advocated an offensive-oriented strategy, creating a situation that is beneficial to oneself based on different terrains, and taking the initiative in the war. Sun Bin paid more attention to attacking cities and seizing cities. He specifically talked about the problem of conquering cities in "The City of Heroes and Females". There are very few ancient military books that discuss siege tactics in detail, and Sun Wu also believed that siege was a last resort. Because during the Spring and Autumn Period, siege equipment was crude and insufficient, so attacking a city would be protracted and result in heavy casualties. By the Warring States Period, cities had become the center of the country's economy and politics, and most of the social wealth and population were concentrated in cities. In this way, competition for cities and towns had become the focus of wars. At the same time, due to the progress of social production, especially the widespread use of iron tools, siege equipment has been greatly improved, providing material conditions for capturing cities. Therefore, Sun Bin's siege tactics are also an important development of "Sun Tzu's Art of War" under new historical conditions. In addition, Sun Bin also attached great importance to the use of formations. In the chapter "Ten Formations", he specifically explained the formations of ten military formations based on the characteristics of the war at that time, emphasizing the role of various formations according to different situations. "Sun Bin's Art of War" summarizes and develops the military thoughts of the Warring States Period and previous generations. Many combat principles and methods still have practical value today. "Sun Tzu's Art of War" and "Sun Bin's Art of War" are classic works in the history of ancient military academics. Sun Wu and Sun Bin also established their important positions in Chinese and foreign military history because of these two great military books.
Reference: Zhang Xing, "40. How did Sun Wu and Sun Bin write Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War? What are their main contents? 〉, "Three Hundred Questions on Chinese History", (Taipei County: Jianhong, 1994), pp. 132-136.
Sun Wu (545 BC - 470 BC), named Sun, was named Wu and had the courtesy name Changqing. Derived from the surname Ji or Gui, a famous military strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period, later generations respectfully called him Sun Tzu and Soldiers Saint. When Sun Wu was young, he read the ancient military classic "Military Administration" and learned about the Yellow Emperor's combat experience in defeating the Four Emperors and the military strategies of the famous ancient prime ministers Yi Yin, Jiang Shang, and Guan Zhong. Around 517 BC, Sun Wu left his hometown and went south to the Kingdom of Wu due to frequent internal strife in Qi. After Sun Wu arrived in the Kingdom of Wu, he lived in seclusion in Qionglong Mountain on the outskirts of Gusu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) and worked as a farmer. At this time, he wrote "The Art of War".
Sun Wu china10k/Trad/history/1/15/15z/15z04/15z0424 ? A native of Qi State, with the courtesy name Changqing, he was a military strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period. He once met King Helu of Wu with Chapter 13 of "The Art of War". After Wu Zixu's recommendation, he was appointed as a general and led the Wu army to attack Chu. He advocated reform to strengthen the land system and believed that the land system reform carried out by the six ministers of the Jin Dynasty at that time could succeed if the land had larger acres and lighter taxes. He believes that "war is the most important thing for the country" and proposes that "know your enemy and yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles without danger". It pays attention to understanding the situation and comprehensively analyzes the contradictory sides such as the enemy and ourselves, the numbers, strength and weakness, virtual reality, offense and defense, advance and retreat, and through the understanding of the objective laws of war. and mastery to defeat the enemy. He also proposed that "army has no constant momentum, and water has no constant shape. It can win due to the changes of the enemy, which is called a god." He emphasized the "coexistence of strange and positive" and flexible use of strategy and tactics. His works include "Sun Tzu's Art of War", which is China's most outstanding military book and is highly valued around the world. china10k/Trad/history/1/15/15z/15z06/15z0651 "Sun Tzu's Art of War", book title, also known as "Sun Tzu", "Wu Sun Tzu's Art of War", "Sun Wu's Art of War", etc. Written by Sun Wu of Qi Dynasty in the late Spring and Autumn Period, it is the earliest surviving ancient Chinese military book. Thirteen chapters in this volume. "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" contains eighty-two chapters and nine volumes of pictures, which are listed in the military power planner. "Historical Records: Biography of Sun Tzu Wu Qi" has thirteen chapters, which is the same as the current version. In 1972, thirteen chapters of "The Art of War" were unearthed from a Han tomb in Yinqueshan, Linyi, Shandong. The titles of the chapters are basically the same as those in the Song Dynasty edition of "Eleven Families Commentary on Sun Tzu". In addition, there are five lost articles including "Wu Wen", "Four Changes", "Yellow Emperor Conquers Red Emperor", "Topography", and "Meeting the King of Wu". This book summarizes the war experience at that time and before, inherits and develops the military theories of the predecessors, and has many original ideas on military theories and practices such as war, the army, army management, the role of generals, strategic and tactical principles, and tactics. This book is a collection of ancient An important military work, known as the ancestor of military literature.