At this time, it should be noted that in the pre-Qin period and before, due to different identities and experiences, the content in front of the name varied from person to person, and it was not a generalization of "women called their surnames and men called their names". For example, monarchs generally don't call each other by their surnames. For example, in Jiang, no one remembers him as Lu. Before he became a monarch, he was most often called the son, which shows that he is the "son" of Qi, or his name for short, such as. The reason may be that the surname is more important to the monarch than anything else. Eight ancient surnames, such as Ji surname, Jiang surname and Yi surname, are important criteria for judging whether a country is a Chinese nation. Once you become a monarch, your previous surname will no longer be used by yourself. In addition, after entering the patriarchal society, surnames only come from the paternal line, and the so-called surnames all follow the mother's habits, even Jews.
But for Dr. Qing, the surname is the main purpose. For example, Guan Zhong is Guan's surname, Ji. After all, it is normal for more than half of ministers in an old traditional vassal state like Lu to share the same surname. You can't tell who is who by last name. Most of them come from rural surnames or fiefs, such as Zhao, Wei, Wei and Song. In addition, some special vassal States, such as Jin State, may not have their own "historical" descendants. This is mainly because the state of Jin experienced the civil strife of "Quwo replacing foreigners" and "beheading sons", and the state of Jin did not hold public office. It should be noted that surnames can be changed, especially after the granting of fiefs, the whole family can change their surnames together, but they cannot. For example, Bi Wan, the ancestor of Wei State, was sealed in Wei State and died because of his meritorious service. Therefore, the descendants of Biwan changed their surname to Wei. Interestingly, Xun, who was active at that time, left his original surname and was named after the original country, but after being destroyed by Jin, he changed his original surname.
For ordinary people, occupation is the most important symbol before the name. For example, "Shi" refers to musicians in the pre-Qin period, so many musicians are called "Shi". Later, even some families whose ancestors were musicians simply took "teacher" as their surname. However, this does not mean that civilians do not have surnames. They're just not recorded. Only slaves who really have no surnames, especially slaves who have been slaves for generations.
The reason why women are given surnames is because the most important feature of women in the pre-Qin period is marriage, and surnames play a key role in marriage, as will be mentioned below.
So why did the cloth clothes in the pre-Qin period have surnames?
First of all, the pre-Qin society developed from the clan society and still retains a lot of clan social characteristics. It was not until the Western Zhou Dynasty that the so-called "civilians" gained high political status. They are "China people", whose political status is similar to that of citizens of ancient Greek city-states, and they are obliged to perform military service. The so-called "Master Wei Yuan" means that these people are the military cornerstone of the country. Others think that this is Zhou's military barrier when "most people are out of town". In addition, it was still a clan society at that time, and the princes and doctors of Zhou had a complete clan system. Civilians live among clans, especially under the Jing Tian system, and they live and work together. It is impossible for them not to know their last names.
Secondly, surnames had a specific purpose at that time. For example, surnames play a key role in marriage. In the pre-Qin period, it was emphasized that "the same surname does not marry" and the same surname does not marry, obviously for the sake of prenatal and postnatal care. So it's good that Qi's daughter is not worried about getting married. One surnamed Sheng and the other surnamed Jiang are naturally very popular among the princes of Qi. Ordinary people must also abide by this rule. Even if you want to accept slave girls, prostitutes, etc. You forget your surname Yu Ji, and you have to find a wizard to divine your surname.
The same is true of surnames. The main source of surnames is fiefs, but surnames include not only nobles and their descendants, but also his distant relatives or their own relatives. In the pre-Qin era, "Qing" more refers to a family. The role of individual struggle at that time was extremely limited. Whoever says "help" is a family, and whoever goes to war, those hundred-mile streams that have lost their bodies like "0" have reached the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period. Official posts before the Spring and Autumn Period are generally hereditary. In Zhou Liwang, even as the monarch of a smaller vassal state, it was considered to have subverted the ruling order, which was also from the poem "The Book of Songs" at that time. "Great countries take peace as the biggest", and the big family is the cornerstone of maintaining rule. As for people like Jiang Taigong, don't think that he is here as a "strategist". Fight side by side with Lv Wang and his people. During the May 4th Movement, after the Lu family was sealed, it was originally sealed in Qi. There is no custom for disabled people to live and play on their own land in Jiang Taigong.
In this case, in Zhou's army, governors are generally composed of people of the same clan. The military commander is the chief of the clan, and he will inherit the official position. In the pre-Qin period, there was no difference between civil affairs and military affairs. Doctor Qing usually goes into politics according to his hereditary official position. When he went out, he would go out with his family and other family members, and he was a vassal of European feudal nobles. At that time, because it was a feudal era, anything could happen between the two Qing families, and the army led by the leader of the hostile Qing family had a poor future. This compilation method also laid the foundation for the division of some countries. The state of Jin, for example, finally turned into a scene, where every family of the Qing Dynasty led its own army to fight together. This is a natural civil war.
Destroying surnames is also a huge project. The prototype of the story "Zhao Orphan" is the difficulty of entering the palace. In addition to Han, Zhao was also attacked by the Qing court in the Jin Dynasty, but this was only a massacre of the Zhao family. Other branches such as Handan have not been affected. There are many people in Zhao, and some distant relatives support them. Finally, Kim left. Although the Zhao family was killed, there was only one person left. Because the foundation of Zhao family is still there, Zhao's position has returned to the first place in life.
Finally, after the country perished and the official aristocrats became civilians, a lot of "history" formed in the name of the country appeared, because when the vassal state existed, there was no need to use surnames in official positions unless it was another branch. Such as Xiang, refers to his public office after being destroyed by Lu and Qi, and before taking Xiang as his surname, he has been living among the people.
The fusion of surnames is far more complicated than the popular saying. Until the Western Han Dynasty, the ancients still had a very clear distinction between surnames. For example, Tian, a civil servant in Qi State, is Yao's surname. However, during the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were many sources of Tian, because many people who took official surnames referred to their two-character surnames as Tian. When Qi was in Qin, some official positions were changed to kings, while others were still called fields. However, at the end of Qin Dynasty, the last monarch after the brief restoration of Qi was later renamed Wang. Wang Mang is the most famous descendant of Wang. When Wang Mang came to Wang Mang, Yao and Tian could still distinguish clearly, including Hou. Even if some genealogies have been handed down for a long time, they will not be confused. Zhou and Ji are often interchanged, especially officials. When Hou Jing, the "general of the universe" in the Southern Dynasties was in power, his grandfather's name was Hou Zhou. No one helped him change his surname to the warlord who killed officials such as leek before Zhou. Of course, there are also people surnamed Zhou. When I was afraid of being "cheap", my official changed his surname to Zhou. Anyway, some of them were changed from Zhou in Wu Zhou.
In fact, strictly speaking, there is no unified or integrated surname. We all use the pattern of "surname" now, but the previous surnames are later called "surname", which is why once the vassal States such as Ji, Jiang, Yi, Yi, Yao and Huaitai perish, public offices become civilians, so it is normal to use the name of the old country to open. After being destroyed, Zhou's official position was called Zhou. In fact, most of the ancient surnames preserved as modern surnames were changed back, or their surnames were used as souvenirs. For example, after the Chiang family became farmland, some of the Chiang family's office buildings were called "Qijia" and some were called "Jiangjia", but they did not directly become "Jiangjia". Yao Shi's name is Wang Mang of Tian, but after seeing Wang Mang die soon, he took his family to the south of the Yangtze River. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, farmland was changed to avoid disasters.