Ximenbao district

During the Warring States Period, floods often occurred in Zhanghe River in Weiyedi (now west of Linzhang County, Hebei Province). By the way, the local people have tried many ways to deal with the flood in Zhanghe River, but to no avail. By the way, the local people have tried many ways to deal with the flood in Zhanghe River, but to no avail. Floods do evil every year, destroying houses and engulfing crops, and local people suffer greatly. Later, some local officials, landlords and gentry in Yedi colluded with a group of witches who danced wildly to spread rumors. They say that the disaster in Zhanghe River is "a sign of Hebo". As long as you choose a beautiful woman to give to "Hebo" as your wife every year, you can calm the flood and make the people peaceful. In this way, under the control of the official gentry, people were driven to marry Hebo year after year and throw young girls into the Zhanghe River. They also took the opportunity to ask the people for a lot of money and goods to divide the spoils. Natural and man-made disasters have made Yedi people poor and unable to live. Especially those people who have young women at home, afraid that their daughters will be selected, have to leave their homes and flee everywhere.

Yecheng was a military stronghold at that time. After the three tribes were divided into Jin, their land was between Korea and Zhao, with South Korea Shangdang in the west and Zhao Handan in the north. Wei Wenhou certainly didn't want such an important place to be abandoned, so he appointed competent Ximen Bao as his commander.

Ximen Bao came to the wilderness and witnessed a desolate scene. He was very sad. Before he came, local officials had sent people to intimidate the people. So when Ximen Bao arrived in Yecheng, the city was empty and disappeared. Occasionally, he saw some farmers. Scared off before Ximen Bao approached. After in-depth investigation and visit, Ximen Bao finally found out the truth that local officials, gentry and landlords married Hebo and harmed the people. Later, Ximen Bao played along and took advantage of the opportunity of marrying Hebo to throw evil witches and people into the river and severely punish the officials who oppressed the people. Then, Ximen Bao mobilized people to dig 12 canals to divert river water to irrigate farmland, which eliminated floods and made Yedi a fairly rich area.

Zhangshui 12 Canal is the pioneering work of multi-head water diversion project in China. Many sources take water from many places, so there are also many sources. "Twelve canals" means building twelve canals to divert water. Zhangshui is a sandy river, and many water diversion projects are created to adapt to this feature. Due to the change of sediment deposition, the main stream of sandy rivers often swings and migrates, so it can't correspond to the mouth of the canal and can't draw water. This disadvantage can be avoided by setting more diversion gates. In addition, if one or a group of diversion canals is shallow, another diversion canal or another group of diversion canals can be used for dredging. The design of Zhangshui Canal is reasonable, which not only has the functions of irrigation, alkali washing and flood discharge, but also is easy to dredge and repair, reflecting the progress of farmland irrigation at that time. Until the early Han Dynasty, Zhangqu canal still had good irrigation effect.

Sima Qian once spoke highly of Ximen Bao. He said in Historical Records: "Therefore, Ximen Bao is an imperial edict, which is famous all over the world and will be left to future generations. When there is no end, it can be said that he is not a wise doctor! " He also meaningfully quoted a passage from an ancient book: "Governing Zheng, the people should not be bullied; The son is a single father, and the people can't bear to lie to him; Ximen Bao governs Ye County, and the people dare not bully. " Ask again, which of them has better talent?

Zhangyin 12 Canal is a large-scale diversion irrigation canal system with Zhangshui as its source in the early Warring States period. It is related to Shaopi, Canggou, Longshou Canal, Dujiangyan, Zhengbai Canal, Lingqu, Jindi, Bianqu, Gorge, Huzidu, Hongqipi, Fushan Weir, Chishan Lake, pogangdu, songhua dam, Lianhu Lake, Jianhu Lake, Ningxia Ancient Irrigation Canal, Yongji Canal and Xiangsi Lake.

Yinzhang 12 canal irrigation area is in the south of Zhanghe River (now under Yuecheng Reservoir Dam). Historical books and other ancient books record that Ximen Bao was founded in 422 BC. During the Warring States Period, Wei Wen waited for Ye (ruling Ye Town, now 40 miles southwest). The head of the first canal is in Xiye 18 (now under Yuecheng Reservoir Dam), and Xiang Yan 12 has 12 low overflow weir. All weirs are equipped with water intakes on the upstream right bank and diversion gates to form a 12 channel. The irrigated area is less than 65438+ 10,000 mu. Muddy water can deposit silt, fertilize fields and increase production. Yedi became rich. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao took Yedi as the base and renovated it according to its original form. Twelve Weirs are called Twelve Lights and renamed Jing Kai Weir. Lu's "The Canal in the Spring and Autumn Music City" was written in history, about after Ximen Bao 100, criticizing Ximen Bao for not knowing how to irrigate the fields. The adoption of this statement in Hanshu Goujian contradicts the Historical Records. Later generations reconciled two theories, saying that Ximen Bao opened the canal first and history began to open again. In the second year of Tianping in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (535), the Tian Ping Canal was rebuilt and became a single canal head. The irrigation area was expanded and later renamed Wanjin Canal. The head of the canal is more than 40 miles north of Anyang today, on the south bank of Zhanghe River. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, irrigation areas with Zhangshui and Huanshui (now Yanghe) as their sources were formed in this area. In the Tang Dynasty, the Tian Ping Canal rebuilt its branch canal, irrigating farmland 10 million mu. In the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, it was still restored and utilized. Yuecheng Reservoir was built on 1959 Zhanghe River. The two banks diverted water separately to build two canals in Zhang Nan and You Min, and irrigated one million mu (13.393 million mu in 976), replacing the ancient irrigation canals. The ancient Zhanghe River is full of youth.