Read the original biography of Meng Changjun: It is said that Meng Changjun can get a scholar, and th
Read the original biography of Meng Changjun: It is said that Meng Changjun can get a scholar, and the scholar belongs to him because of his reason, while the pawn escapes from the Qin of Tiger and Leopard by his strength. Ha ha! Meng Changjun is just the head of a crow and dog thieves' group, which can be said to be a wise man who received it! If not, Qi, which has a strong national strength, should be able to rely on the strength of the southern countries to deter Qin, but also rely on the strength of crowing and stealing? A cock crow and a dog thief appeared at his door, which is why the wise man did not obey him.
Reading Meng Changjun's Biographical Translation and Annotated Translation, the world praised Meng Changjun for accepting talents. Wise men joined him for this, and Meng Changjun finally escaped from the cruel rule of Qin like a tiger and a leopard. Alas! Meng Changjun is just the leader of a group of henchmen, where can we say that he got a wise man! If this is not the case, (Meng Changjun) has the great national strength of Qi. As long as a wise man is obtained, (Qi) should be able to rely on national strength to be king in the south and subdue Qin. Do you still need the power of thieves? Dog legs appeared at his door, which is why the wise man didn't join him.
Note 1. Selected from Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan, and Biography of Meng Changjun is quoted from Biography of Historical Records and Meng Changjun by Sima Qian. 2. Call: praise, praise. 3. Meng Changjun: Tian, the son of Qi during the Warring States Period, was sealed in Xuedi (now southeast of Tengxian County, Shandong Province). 4. Scholar: A scholar refers to a person with good moral character, knowledge or skills. 5. Return: Go to the ground and take refuge. 6. pawn, finally, finally. 7. Lai: Shit, shit. 8. Its: refers to people under the door. 9. Lester: Just, just, but. 10. A cock crow and a dog thief: Meng Changjun was imprisoned by Zhao Haoqi, the king of Qin, and was in danger of being killed. One of his diners is a dog thief. Pretending to be a dog, he sneaked into Qin Gong at night, stole fox white hair and bribed Wang Zhao's pet princess. Meng Changjun was released. However, when he fled to Hangu Pass, it was already late at night and the door was closed. According to the regulations, he can't let people out until the rooster crows and the pursuers will come. So his diners who could imitate the crow of chickens pretended to crow, and as a result, the chickens also cried, and finally earned the gate in time and fled back to Qi. Later, this became a beautiful talk of Meng Changjun Neng. 1 1. Male: Long, leader. 12. er: that's all. 13. Good at: possession. 14. Yi: It should be 15. South: refers to living in the position of monarch. The throne faces south, so it is cloudy. 16. System: uniform. 17. Fu: Send a message.
After reading the relevant comments in Biography of Meng Changjun, he praised that "all the people say that they can get the land, and scholars return because of it, while soldiers can eliminate the Qin of tiger and leopard by their own strength", and directly put forward the central issue of discussion, that is, can they get scholars? "howl! Is Meng Changjun's crowing dog stealing public ears enough to talk? " For a split, a sudden turning point, the traditional view that "Meng Changjun can get a scholar" is denied, and the author's evaluation of Meng Changjun is put forward, that is, Meng Changjun is just a "cock crow and dog thief", which is really ingenious and powerful. "Otherwise, you are good at being neat and strong, and you will get a teacher. You should be able to control the Qin dynasty in the south, and you can steal it with the help of chickens and dogs! " As a refutation, refuting "Meng Changjun can get a scholar", refuting Meng Changjun's "relying on the strong and bullying the weak, the Qin of the tiger and leopard", closely following the main idea, refuting Meng Changjun's superficial and one-sided view of getting a scholar with facts, which strongly proves that Meng Changjun can't get a scholar. "The cock barks and the dog barks, and the thief comes out, but the scholar doesn't come." This is a breakthrough. It is absolutely certain that a real taxi will not go with Meng Changjun. This kind of breaking, such as firmness, strength and word warning, cannot be disputed. The whole article closely revolves around the theme of "Meng Changjun can't get a scholar", which is rigorous and natural, complete and unified, vigorous and steep, and magnificent. Wang Anshi is very opposed to the flashy style of writing, and to the over-carved language. He advocates "more words but less words". He gave his ancestor Xuan Shuyun: "The so-called words are still carved paintings. Sincerity is ingenious and elegant, and need not be smeared; If you apply it, you don't have to be smart and flashy. It should be based on application, with engraving and painting as its content. The essay "Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun" has a rigorous and natural layout, extremely concise words and sentences, and profound implications, which fully conforms to its "application-oriented" principle. Meng Changjun fled from Qin to Qi. Biography of Historical Records of Meng Changjun has a detailed and vivid description, which is a tortuous story in history. However, Wang Anshi did not quote any plot in the story of fleeing from Qin to Qi in his reading of Biography of Meng Changjun, but grasped the most essential content, starting with the idiom "A cock crows and a dog steals", which saved a lot of pen and ink. This idiom is used three times in this article. For the first time, the phrase "cock crows, dog crows and thief listens" was used to break "Meng Changjun can get a scholar"; The second time "I still use the power of chicken thief" was used to break "I rely on my strength to get rid of the Qin of tiger and leopard"; For the third time, we used the phrase "the cock crows and the dog barks, and the thief comes out of the door" to break the phrase "a scholar brings an old friend home". The three uses, each in its proper place, have its indispensable and important functions, so reading will not make people feel repetitive and tedious, but cadence, catchy and relish. It can be seen that Wang Anshi's writing is exquisite and perfect. The full text of Wang Anshi's Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun is less than 100 words, and it has been rated as a "Millennium masterpiece" by literary critics in past dynasties, and it is regarded as a model of "short writing and long breath". A running dog is not a scholar. I agree with the author Comrade Wang, so I won't go into details. The question is whether "people like Feng Gui" are "scholars". According to the records in the Warring States Policy and Historical Records, Feng Gui (also known as Feng Yi) is indeed a very talented person: he "repaid the people with debts" and made "righteousness" so that he was warmly welcomed by the people when he returned to Xue; He managed the "three caves" for Meng Changjun and brought Meng Changjun back to the stage. "This is a disaster for decades"-but that's all. How many achievements has Meng Changjun made in governing the country and protecting the people? As the main counselor of Meng Changjun, how much advice did Feng Gui give to Meng Changjun in governing the country and protecting the people? Apart from "paying debts to the people" objectively reducing the burden on people in the snow, what else is worth writing about? Moreover, "city righteousness" and "three caves" are not for the sake of enriching Qiang Bing, but for consolidating Meng Changjun's position in Qi; As for playing and singing three times, what about Chang Zhong's return? Not for the sake of enriching the country and strengthening the people, but for the satisfaction of Feng Gui's own life. -Wang Anshi expelled "Feng Guizhi" from the category of "scholar" and gave it back to "woodpecker" according to what Feng Guizhi did. In Wang Anshi's view, Qian Feng and "a cock crow and a dog thief" are the same kind of people, and the only difference between them is "fifty steps and a hundred steps". When Meng Changjun met Feng Gui's requirements of "eating fish" and "riding a horse", Feng Gui showed off to his friends: "Meng Changjun welcomes me! "-isn't this the image of a man who pursues fame and fortune? Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun, I pointed out: "Being good at Qi leads to a scholar, so I can control Qin from the south. It can be seen that Wang Anshi's "scholar" is not only a person who "died for his bosom friend", but also a person with foresight and service to the country and people. In Wang Anshi's mind, those who can contribute to the country and benefit the people are considered "scholars", but those who benefit themselves or someone are not. This can be seen from his "Answering Sima Suggestions". He said: "take the former king's administration, promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages without making profits;" Managing money for the world is not for profit. ""If I really blame myself for being in office for a long time and failing to help the people, then someone will know the crime. " It can be seen that Wang Anshi's so-called "scholar" is a person who can benefit the country and the people like him. In Wang Anshi's view, people who simply advise on the personal safety and honor of masters, such as Feng Xiang and others, cannot be included in the scholastic circle. Therefore, he doesn't have to "take out new materials to refute" the historical facts recorded in The Warring States Policy and Historical Records. He logically denies Meng Changjun's claim that he is good at cultivating scholars. In a word, reading Biography of Meng Changjun is a masterpiece. His precise arguments, typical arguments and incisive exposition are "enough for future generations" and are worth learning. This article also leads to a famous idiom: the chicken calls the dog to steal.
Wang Anshi, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, left many famous sentences. However, the famous works of celebrities are not necessarily perfect, so don't be superstitious about them. The Biography of Meng Changjun he read is not a good work. No matter how to praise it as "rigorous in structure, concise in words and magnificent", no matter how to praise it as "full of twists and turns, rigorous and natural, complete and unified, bold and steep, extremely imposing", these views are superficial and formal. The essence of the problem is that this overturned article is unstable and untenable. The shortcomings are mainly in two aspects: there is no factual basis for reversing the case and the inference is illogical. There are tens of thousands of diners in Meng Changjun, all kinds of people, including crowing, stealing and scholars. People like Feng Xiang (huān) and Feng Yi (xuān) are recorded in detail in the Warring States Policy and Historical Records. If you want to overturn the case, you must come up with new materials to refute the records of the above two books, otherwise the case will not be overturned. This is the essence of the problem, so we have to avoid it and reverse the case, so we have to take it for granted and comment rashly: "Woo! Meng Changjun is just the head of a crow and dog thieves' group, which can be said to be a wise man who received it! Liu Debin did not criticize this groundless argument, but praised the author for not quoting the records in Historical Records, "saving a lot of pen and ink" and grasping the "most essential content". It is advisable to read history books, not be bound by customary views, and dare to explore problems with skeptical eyes. Wang Anshi's article has only one merit. But if he doesn't reverse his conviction truthfully, it's all wet. Scientific attitude requires seeking truth from facts. This article, Wang Anshi has no scientific spirit at all and is not worth learning. Of course, the problem of argument cannot be separated from inference, but the premise of inference must be firm and stable. " If you are good at Qi's power, you can learn from others. You should be able to control Qin from the south, and you can also take advantage! The premise that Texans should not rely on the strength of chickens and dogs to steal is untenable. Therefore, it is completely subjective to say that "the chicken barks and the dog barks, the thief comes out of the door and this person doesn't come". On the other hand, Liu Debin believes that this judgment is "firm and powerful, every word is a warning, and there is no doubt". Why can't we argue against unreasonable judgments? Wang Anshi was a famous politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. His "Reading Meng Changjun Biography" was concise and profound and passed down from generation to generation. In this regard, Comrade Wang criticized in his article that "famous writers are not always correct". He said: "In this article, Wang Anshi has no scientific spirit." His reason is: "There are thousands of diners in Meng Changjun, Qian Qian, and all kinds of people, from chickens to thieves to scholars, such as Feng Gui, are recorded in detail in the Warring States Policy and Historical Records. If you want to reverse the case, you must come up with new materials to refute the records of the above two books. " I dare not venture to "turn it over."
After reading the first sentence of Biography, Appreciation and Analysis of Meng Changjun II, this paper puts forward a viewpoint that needs to be refuted, and explains the traditional worldview about Meng Changjun: "Meng Changjun can be the best scholar". Then write two bases of this argument: one is what is generally called "scholars return to their hometown"; One is that "a pawn can destroy the Qin dynasty of tigers and leopards by his own strength", from a specific example. Clean and neat, cut to the chase, erect the target of debate, which can be described as "standing at attention."
The second sentence uses the exclamation "Eh-Huh" to strengthen the tone, and then directly refutes the statement that "Meng Changjun can get a scholar". Meng Changjun is only the leader of thieves, how can he be said to be a scholar? Resolutely, the difference between "scholar" and "cock crow and dog thief" was suddenly seen. It is a "refutation" to say that "the world is called".
The third sentence deepens the meaning of refutation, and puts forward my own view on the standard of "scholar" by reducing to absurdity: "scholar" must be an able person who can seek the country and make enemies. Relying on Qi's powerful national strength, Qi can become the overlord and subdue Qin. It is precisely because there is no real scholar under his command that he needs to rely on his henchmen to help him escape from the state of Qin, thus proving that the scholar is not enough to be called a scholar, and refuting the superficial and one-sided view with facts. The purpose of an article is to be original and original, and go straight to the root, which can be described as a "turn".
The fourth sentence continues the above and goes further. It analyzes the reasons why Meng Changjun can't get a scholar by logical reasoning, refutes the first sentence's statement that a scholar should return with his reason, and draws a conclusion to make up for the refutation that Meng Changjun can get a scholar. Explain why Meng Changjun can't get a taxi: When thieves and crows come and go, a real taxi won't go with Meng Changjun. This is a "breakthrough" if it is firm and powerful.
The whole article closely revolves around the theme of "Meng Changjun can't get a scholar", with a stand and a refutation, a turn and a break, sweeping away the traditional view that Meng Changjun can get a scholar. Although it has been turned over three times, it is rigorous and natural, thorough in discussion, sharp and incisive in words, sweeping away like bamboo, and has indisputable logical power.
Appreciation of Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun is China's earliest (first) refuting paper (one kind of argumentative paper). The main purpose of this article is "(reversing the verdict) to show that Meng Changjun can't be the top scholar". This is a review. The full text is less than 100 words, but it has become a famous short work in ancient China with its majestic, ups and downs and majestic style.
1, the turning point is powerful, and the beginning and end are not more than 100 words, which is rigorous and rigorous, but it has been turned four or five times, which is the best in this pen. ("Tang Song Wen Yao Ju" is quoted from "The Language of Construction");
2, language turn, pen turn, Millennium out of tune. (same as above, quoted by Shen Deqian);
This kind of writing is steep and vigorous, and the person who changes in just a few chapters and four layers is really a person who is far away. (same as above, quoted from Li Gang);
4. Wang Anshi's essay "Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun" has only four sentences and eighty words. Its comments are refined, its structure is rigorous, its words are concise and magnificent, and it has been praised as a model of "short essays with long breath" by literary critics in past dynasties. Wang Anshi, who was determined to innovate and reform all his life, emphasized that articles should be conducive to "teaching" and social progress. He once said: "The teaching purpose is the so-called sage's text." He also said: "The so-called writers are just doing something to make up for the world. 」
The essay "Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun" was written for the purpose of "mending the world". Obviously, attacking the traditional view that "Meng Changjun can be a scholar" will naturally make readers realize that, unlike Meng Changjun, it is impossible to become a "good scholar" in name only without the ability to help the world and rejuvenate the country, and should make concrete contributions to the country's rejuvenation in a down-to-earth manner. The article Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun has become a "Millennium masterpiece" because it is extremely short and long, and because Wang Anshi has a novel and thought-provoking and refined view on how to treat "Meng Changjun can be a scholar", so it has been read and appreciated by literary lovers in past dynasties.
During the Warring States Period, the son of Qi was Tian and Xue (now south of tengxian, Shandong). He, Zhao's, Chu's Chun and Wei's Xin are all called "Four Childes of the Warring States" because of their "good upbringing". At that time, there were thousands of diners in Meng Changjun, full of guests and consultants. However, Wang Anshi disagreed. He believes that "scholars" must be able to help the country and the world, and those who "crow and steal" are simply not worthy of the noble title of "scholars". If he can really get a scholar, he can also "control the Qin Dynasty in the south". Why did he escape from Qin to Qi with the help of "a cock crow and a dog thief"? The story of a cock crow stealing a dog, which is praised by the world as "Meng Changjun can be the top scholar", is a powerful proof that Meng Changjun can't be the top scholar. Therefore, Meng Changjun is just a "cock crow and dog thief". Wang Anshi's argument of using the spear of a child to attack the shield of a child contradicts the traditional view that "Meng Changjun can get a scholar", which irrefutably pushes Meng Changjun into the ranks of "a chicken calls a dog a thief", which is refreshing. It's really a few words, the music is wonderful, a few strokes are faint, the momentum is vertical and horizontal, and the political content is rich. Reading Biography of Meng Changjun, as an argumentative essay, requires only four sentences and 88 words to complete the whole process of argumentation, argumentation and conclusion.
Background of Reading Biography of Meng Changjun Wang Anshi was a famous political reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the book The Words of Emperor Renzong in Jiayou Three Years (1058), he systematically put forward his own talent policy and plan, and suggested that the court reform should attach importance to talents. In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), under the auspices of Wang Anshi, the imperial court issued a decree to reform the imperial examination system, abolish the old system of selecting scholars by poetry, resume selecting scholars by Spring and Autumn Annals and Three Biographies of Ming Classics, and implement the system of "Three Shes in imperial academy". In Wang Anshi's view, a scholar should be "big enough to serve the whole country" and small enough to serve the whole country. Therefore, a scholar's talent is "to be the secretary of the six officials and the general of the six armies", not "to be ignorant in politics" Wang Anshi's reading of Biography of Meng Changjun, named after his reading, is actually used to express his view on talents. Poetry: Reading Meng Changjun's Biographical Poems Author: Classification of Wang Anshi's Poems in Song Dynasty: Viewing Ancient Poems and Reading Emotions