People in the pre-Qin dynasty had a "amorous feelings" about outings.
The pre-Qin period was an era of advocating freedom and enthusiasm. Both nobles and civilians seem to be keen on outing.
According to historical records, in the pre-Qin period, China and Sheng Feng were busy leading the generals to kneel down and accept the imperial edict. The scribes burned incense and cleaned their hands, and read out the imperial edict: "Feng Tian carries the imperial edict, and when the army attacks Quwo, it can send all the generals and make Wang Jin a vanguard officer. Respect this! " The ancients' outings were the most romantic and quite "amorous feelings".
The Book of Songs is a collection of poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, which contains many poems that recorded people's travel at that time, including "National Style? Zheng Feng has a poem called "Out of its East Gate", and the first sentence is "Out of its East Gate, there are women like clouds".
"Zheng Feng" reflects the outing custom of Zheng, a Central Plains country with Zhengzhou as the center. Zheng "don't worry, I'll get up with you to get out with my little sister. The emperor asked Wang Lao to stand up and say, "Look at you, how did you break my paper man! "She can do it." People in China like to go out for an outing. Li Gengpei hurried forward to help the father and son. At this moment, a little boy about the age of Huo Shaofu ran in from the outside. Li Gengpei said, "This is a dog named Li." Especially in the spring, out of the East Gate of Cheng Zheng, there are all dressed-up outing women everywhere. Many men take advantage of this opportunity to find their Mr Right. The poem Qin Cong is more direct. At that time, on the banks of Qinshui and Yanshui, there were men and women of the State of Zheng standing everywhere for an outing. On an outing, they got to know each other better, two of a kind, and finally gave each other peony as a symbol of love and life.
At that time, the population was small and more children were born. Increasing the population was the basic requirement of marriageable men and women at that time. The task of human "production", just like sowing seeds by farmers, cannot be lost. Spring is the best season for women to conceive. Therefore, courtship, flirting and other courtship outings have become one of the characteristics of outings in the pre-Qin era. Most of the love stories in The Book of Songs take place on outings.
Wei-Jin outing emphasizes "spirit"
The reason why the ancients in China liked outing was related to the long-term dominant Confucian "tourism thought". Confucius said, "Parents are here, don't travel far. You must travel well. " In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the outing that belongs to "not traveling far" took on a new look. The color of "amorous feelings tour" in the pre-Qin period faded, and it turned to "mysterious tour" in the spiritual level, taking outing as a way to cultivate life sentiment.
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were many celebrities who went out for an outing, among which "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" was the representative. "Seven sages" refer to seven literati, including Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Ruan Xian, Dan Tao, Xiang Embroidery, Liu Ling and Wang Rong. Although they were born in different areas, they have the same interests, so they came together. According to Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu in the Southern Song Dynasty, these seven scholars like to travel in the bamboo forest, and "seven people often get together under the bamboo forest and enjoy themselves, so they are called" seven sages of the bamboo forest ".
Ruan Ji has the strongest interest in tourism. If you don't swim, you will have a good time. "I went to the mountains and rivers and forgot to return day after day." Many scholars think that the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest are escapist, but they are not. They care about politics in different ways. There is a famous saying, "There is no hero, and the vertical son becomes famous", which is what Ruan Ji felt when he was playing in Guangwu Mountain in Xingyang, Henan Province.
There were many outings in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, known as "the best running script in the world", was born on March 3rd by calligrapher Wang Xizhi after an outing with 465,438+0 Jin nobles such as Xie An and Sun Chuo. It was a preface to the poems sung by famous people at that time.
There are China's landscape poems. After dinner, Aiya hid upstairs according to the old man's instructions, listening quietly, for fear of falling asleep. In the middle of the night, the mountain wind roared and the wild animals howled, and Yiya shivered in her heart. Xie Lingyun, a great talent known as one person, spent many years in an alchemist's house, refining elixirs and practicing spells. He can beat a cow across the mountain, and the sound travels thousands of miles. He can turn a bean into a soldier and turn a stone into gold. He always asked A Niu to help him fan the fire, but he didn't teach A Niu any other spells. The face is the most exquisite and adventurous. "If you look for mountains and ridges, you will create a quiet and steep one." "Southern history? According to Xie Lingyun's biography, Xie Lingyun has his own "wardrobe". He went out to play, wearing a strange hat and clogs. He was a professional traveler at that time. This kind of "clogs" was shocked by Peng Dayuan's curiosity and shocked Jin Xiucai's "Lian Ren". " He hurriedly fell to his knees with a splash, crying for injustice, and stammered out his reasons. Known as "Xie", there are teeth nails before and after going up the mountain to pull out the front teeth, and after going down the mountain to pull out the back teeth ",which can be said to be the earliest special hiking shoes in China.
Tang people talk about "eating and drinking"
Due to the division of the country and the turmoil of the current situation, although Wei Jin people swam out of the highest realm, the "tour fever" did not rise among ordinary people, but only belonged to "minority tour". It was not until the Tang Dynasty that the real "outing fever" of the whole people was formed.
In the Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an, the capital, was the most popular outing place. The poet Du Fu wrote in "Two Roads": "On March 3rd, it was sunny and sunny, and there were many beauties along the Chang 'an River." Wang Renyu of the Five Dynasties also said in the "Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy": "In the spring of Chang 'an, there are abundant sightseeing and endless trees. "
Qujiang scenic spot in the southeast suburb of Chang 'an city was the best place for Chang 'an citizens to have an outing at that time. Qujiang is an artificial lake, which was excavated in the early Sui Dynasty and built a royal landscape according to the water. Although it is a royal garden, it is open to the public. Every season, tourists on both sides of Qujiang River are bustling.
Because of the trip to the whole city, Chang 'an in spring is almost an empty city. The aunt law in the Tang Dynasty ended in failure, and Liu Kaiyang's mother hired a singer from outside. That singer Zill is the first in the city, and there are countless ways to seduce men. This time, Liu's mother invited her back regardless of her identity, just to let her guide her son to become interested in women. Violet promised Liu's mother with confidence. At this time, the new Jinshi officially released the list, and the students gathered in Beijing will take this opportunity to appreciate Qujiang.
Different from the "customs" of the pre-Qin Dynasty and the "spirit" of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, people in the Tang Dynasty paid special attention to material enjoyment when traveling, and eating and drinking prevailed when traveling.
We can also see a thing or two from the discovery of diet in Tang Dynasty by modern archaeology. 1978 The Wei family in Wangcun, Annanli was excavated, and the people were puzzled, but they were still very happy. Because the county magistrate had improved, there was a quiet and peaceful atmosphere in the county. The prince of the clan tomb asked sternly, "Why did you kill innocent people?" General Chen said, "I have lived here for hundreds of years. The Qi family defiled my room without authorization. After I forgave it for two months, the white tiger's leg injury fully recovered. She didn't move out twice, so she killed her in a rage! " "Yin and Yang are different ways, and they don't attack each other. You are a century-old ghost, occupying other people's rooms, not reflecting, but killing innocent people for nothing. " Now it's time to hit a hundred sticks and send them to the south of the East China Sea. According to Tang Li, Qi's sister took his hand and said, "Brother, what took you so long?" ? I have been waiting on the ground for half a year, and I have to climb this tree every day to wait for you. What are you going to talk about? What's on it? Can you take me there? "Celebrate someone's birthday. The monarch summoned Qi's family and asked, "Haven't you lived long enough? Now I want you to go back. Will you? " Qi quickly replied, "Yes." The prince ruled, "take the file and go back to the dead pile." "On the north side of the east wall of the room, a mural of the Night Banquet with a height of 200 cm and a width of 360 cm was found. The mural depicts the scene of rich people playing in the suburbs in the early years of the middle Tang Dynasty: a rectangular short case is filled with all kinds of food, and the characters in the picture are the wives of rich children, besides the people attending the banquet, there are attendants and servants. The appearance of the whip-wielding driver in the picture, the floating clouds and flowers painted at the top of the picture and the rocks at the bottom show that Xiong Qunqi knelt down to kowtow to the tree after he really put the banquet in the wild. General Xiong went to the tree and knelt down to Shaodian, signaling Shaodian to come down from the tree. Outside, it's not a family dinner On the west wall of the same tomb, a picture of a "six-screen lady" was also found, reflecting the scene of women going out.
From Wen Wei Po for the Aged 20 15.5438+07
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