It spans 98 52 ′ ~10103 ′ east longitude and 24 41′ ~ 26 42 ′ north latitude. It patrols Erhai Lake in the east and reaches Diancang Mountain in the west, and governs Dali City, Xiangyun, Midu, Binchuan, Yongping, Yunlong, Eryuan and Yunnan.
Located in the low latitude plateau, the temperature difference between the four seasons is not big, and the dry and wet seasons are distinct. Low latitude plateau monsoon climate is dominant, and butterfly spring, Cangshan Mountain, Erhai Lake, Dali Ancient City and Chongsheng Temple are the most representative scenic spots in China.
1, terrain
Dali Prefecture is located at the junction of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Hengduan Mountains, with high terrain in the northwest and low terrain in the southeast. The landform is complex and diverse, and the west of Diancang Mountain is an alpine canyon area. East of Diancang Mountain and west of Xiangyun are steep slopes of Zhongshan.
The mountains in the territory mainly belong to Yunling Mountain and Nvshan Mountain, and Diancang Mountain is located in the middle of the state, like an arched screen, towering and straight. Xueban Mountain at the junction of Jianchuan in the north and Lanping in Lijiang is the highest mountain in the state, with an altitude of 4,295 meters. The lowest point is the Hongqi Dam on the Nujiang River in Yunlong County, with an altitude of 730 meters. ?
The territory is bounded by the Laojunshan-Diancangshan-Ailaoshan line fault, which constitutes two major parts. The eastern part belongs to Yangtze paraplatform area, and the western part belongs to Tibet-Yunnan geosyncline fold area (also known as Sanjiang area). The Yangtze paraplatform area in the east, bounded by Erhai-Honghe deep fault in the west and extending to Chuxiong Prefecture in the east, is a part of the western margin of the Yangtze paraplatform.
The Tibetan-Yunnan geosyncline fold area in the west is a vast area in the west and south of the state, with Erhai-Honghe deep (large) fault in the east, Nujiang River and Lancang River valley in the west, running through the whole state from north to south, and Cangshan 19 peak on Diancang Mountain.
2. Hydrology
There are many lake basins in the state, and there are 18 basins with an area exceeding 1.5 square kilometers, with an area of *** 187 1.49 square kilometers. It accounts for 6.6% of the total area of Dali Prefecture. Most of the basins are linear basins, distributed in belts, and arranged into six belts from west to east. The Quaternary mountain glacier site is located in the high mountain area west of Erhai Lake and north of Yongping. Diancang Mountain in Dali is the name of the last ice age in China.
The main rivers belong to Jinsha River, Lancang River, Nujiang River and Honghe River (Yuanjiang River), and there are more than 60 rivers/kloc-0, with wings all over Dali Prefecture. There are eight lakes in this state: Erhai Lake, Tianchi Lake, Zibi Lake, West Lake, East Lake, Jianhu Lake, Haixi Lake and Qinghai Lake.
3. Climate characteristics
Dali Prefecture is located in the low-latitude plateau. Under the comprehensive influence of low-latitude and high-altitude geographical conditions, the monsoon climate characteristics of the low-latitude plateau are formed: the temperature difference between the four seasons is small. Close to the Tropic of Cancer, the solar radiation angle is large and the variation range is small, resulting in a small annual temperature difference and the climate characteristics of the four seasons are not obvious. "The qi of the four seasons is often like early spring, with cold ending and summer ending in temperature", and the temperature difference between the four seasons is not big; Tropical monsoon climate is divided into rainy season and dry season.
Dali prefecture is dry in winter and rainy in summer. When the equatorial depression moves (winter165438+1October), the rainfall in dry season accounts for only 5 ~ 15% of the annual rainfall, and when the trade winds move (summer 5 ~ 65438+1October), the rainfall in rainy season accounts for 85 ~% of the annual rainfall. There is a great vertical difference. The topography of Dali Prefecture is complex, with great difference in altitude and significant vertical difference in climate.
The temperature decreases with the elevation, and the rainfall increases with the elevation. The valley is hot, the dam area is warm, the mountain area is cool, the mountain area is cold and the three-dimensional climate is obvious; There are many meteorological disasters. Due to the instability of monsoon circulation and the influence of different weather systems, there are many meteorological disasters in Dali Prefecture. Common meteorological disasters mainly include drought, low temperature, flood, frost, hail and strong wind.
Extended data:
Natural resources:
1, mineral resources
Non-metallic minerals include well-known large marble deposits at home and abroad. According to the preliminary investigation, the marble reserves in Xiaocenfeng area of Cangshan alone reached 654.38+0 billion cubic meters. There are also abundant reserves of limestone, quartz sand, fluorite, clay and coal. Metal minerals include platinum, palladium, manganese and antimony.
Among them, a super-large gold mine was newly discovered in Beiya, Heqing County, with a total gold resource of 127 tons. It is estimated that 50 million tons of raw iron ore, 3,000 tons of associated silver and 200,000 tons of metallic copper are involved. Experts believe that the proven gold resources show that Yunnan's gold resources have also ranked first in the southwest.
2. Water resources
Water resources include Erhai Lake, abundant Cangshan spring water and groundwater; Geothermal resources are hot springs, only Tangzipu hot spring, with water flow 13 10 cubic meter/hour and water temperature of 76.5℃. Groundwater runoff is also 226 million cubic meters calculated according to 75% of the driest flow data.
3. Land resources
The land area of Dali Prefecture is 29,459 square kilometers, and the mountains account for more than 80% of the total area of Dali Prefecture. Cultivated land 183 16 1 hectare, including 90458 hectares of cultivated land and 92703 hectares of land. The park covers an area of 13333.33 hectares, accounting for 0.5% of the total land area. It is the production base of citrus, apple, peach, plum, pear, tea and mulberry. The water area is 55333.33 hectares, accounting for about 1.9% of the land area.
Land use in Dali: forestland accounts for about 60%, grazing land accounts for 20%, cultivated land accounts for 1 1.2%, and other land accounts for 8.8%. Soil types belong to 8 classes, 13 soil types, 23 subclasses, 76 soil genera and 236 soil species. Purple soil accounts for 3 1.75% of the total land area, and red loam accounts for 27.7%.
Population and nationality:
There are 13 ethnic groups living in Dali, namely Han, Bai, Yi, Hui, Lisu, Miao, Naxi, Zhuang, Tibetan, Bulang, Lahu, Achang and Dai. There are eight ethnic groups with a small population, namely Lisu, Miao, Dai, Achang, Zhuang, Tibetan, Bulang and Lahu. ?
Quanzhou has a total registered population of 3,584,400, including1.81.01.000 and 1.7743. The minority population 1.8583 million, accounting for 5 1.84% of the total population, of which the Bai population 1.2 1.79 million.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture