(1) Substantive issues: Military power played a decisive role in the change of regimes in the Five Dynasties. Impact: Eliminates the disadvantages of local weights and strengthens centralization; affects the efficiency of local government and leads to local weakness.
(2) Features: breaking through the boundaries of the city; breaking the time limit; there are relatively complete catering service facilities in the "Grass Market"; overseas trade is prosperous.
(3) The development of Confucianism into Neo-Confucianism reflects the strengthening of centralization; the emergence of Song poetry (personalized calligraphy art, genre paintings) reflects the development of the commodity economy and the rise of the citizen class; the rise of literati landscape paintings reflects The literati class grew and Neo-Confucianism emerged.