This course takes 2 hours of teaching
The first lesson of "Hutong Culture" detailed case
1. Teaching purpose
1. Cultivation Students' thinking of looking at problems dialectically.
2. Let students realize through this work that the existence of things has a traditional and developmental side, but it also has a reforming and changing side.
2. Basic teaching content
1. Sort out the center of the article through understanding of key sentences and keywords.
2. Understand the diversified characteristics of the preface’s expressions, and be able to integrate the author’s thoughts and feelings in appropriate expressions, that is, explanations.
3. Feel the language characteristics of the work and let students understand the special effect of language in accurately expressing the author's thoughts and feelings.
4. Cultivate students’ ability to explore the essence of things through appearances.
3. Teaching Focus
1. Understand key words and sentences.
2. The characteristics and effects of language reflected in this article.
4. Teaching Difficulties
Dialectically understand the decline of hutongs and hutong culture.
5. Teaching key points and steps to solve difficult problems
Key point 1: Understand key words and sentences
Key words and key sentences play a supporting role in the article. The main purpose plays an important role. They are the key factors to correctly understand the article. Teachers should guide students to be good at selecting key sentences and keywords from the article and weaving into an information network to understand the center of the article.
This article is an expository text in terms of style, but the author's distinct thoughts and feelings can still be reflected in the explanation, and it is the key sentences and words that carry this emotion.
Key sentences are mainly argumentative or lyrical in expression.
The position of the key statement is generally at the beginning or end of a paragraph; occasionally it is in the middle of the paragraph, but it is often an article or paragraph based on causal argument.
Information screening is also an important requirement for students in terms of reading ability in the college entrance examination. It is more or less reflected in the college entrance examination reading questions every year, and students are trained to pass screening in the daily teaching of texts. Key sentences and keywords are very important to understand the article, understand the paragraphs, and understand the sentences.
From the perspective of this article, the article is basically divided into two parts: one is an introduction to Beijing’s hutongs, and the other is an introduction to Beijing’s hutongs culture. For the former, we must be able to grasp the characteristics of Hutongs in order to grasp the connotation of Beijing Hutongs culture. Teachers should guide students to select words and sentences that can reflect hutongs and hutong culture:
Characteristics of Beijing hutongs:
The first five natural paragraphs start from square shapes, naming The way of Hutong, the size of Hutong, the silence of Hutong, the correlation between Hutong and Siheyuan (ruly) are introduced. These are the basis for forming Hutong culture. If Hutong culture is the superstructure, then Hutong is the material foundation.
The dialectical relationship in the structure of the article itself lays a good foundation for us to guide students to appreciate the dialectical relationship between understanding of hutongs and hutong culture. In this regard, the content and form of the article have achieved a good unity.
Characteristics of Hutong culture:
Generally speaking, the author believes that "Hutong culture is a closed culture."
Then the author reveals from the following aspects (requiring students to extract ready-made sentences):
Residents have settled down and relocated;
Beijingers are easy to be satisfied, and they are satisfied with The material requirements of life are not high;
Beijing people like to watch the excitement, but they don’t like to be nosy. They always stay out of things and watch with a cold eye;
The essence of Hutong culture is "tolerance".
Keep to yourself and accept whatever comes;
The connection point between hutongs and hutong culture is in the fifth natural section. This is a key link in the sublimation of understanding from appearance to essence. Teachers should guide students to find the connection point between the two. It is also a key statement:
"Hutongs and courtyard houses are the living style of Beijing citizens and the cultural form of Beijing citizens."
The purpose of screening the characteristics of hutongs and hutong culture is to make Students understand the expressive role of key words and key sentences and their supporting role in the center.
The explanation of key terms can be grasped and understood at the language level.
Focus 2: The characteristics and effects of language in this article
The language of this article is very distinctive. It is generally plain, simple, rich in spoken language, and expressive.
To appreciate the language of this article, you should start from the following aspects:
1. Language characteristics determined by stylistic characteristics: accuracy
The article mainly uses explanatory expressions , explanations win with accuracy, and this article is no exception, such as "due south, due north", "due east, due west"; when explaining the naming methods of alleys, some are full of affirmative tone, such as "some were originally royal "A place where things are stored, such as Piku Hutong and Xixinsi Hutong (a place where charcoal is stored)"; some are speculations, such as "Xiaoyang Yibin Hutong was originally named Yangwei Hutong, probably because this alley looks a bit like a sheep's tail."
2. The colloquial and Beijing language gives people a friendly feeling. For example, "Go a little further south." "If you can't sleep, don't be irritable, don't get anxious, and squint. People from Beijing, I really have you!"
3. The language is plain and simple. For example, "Beijing is like a big piece of tofu." More life-oriented language!
4. Short sentences give people a clean and neat feeling and full of charm. For example, "If you have steamed buns, you will be satisfied. Big pickled radish is good. Small pickled radish, what else can you say?"
5. Classical charm blends with simplicity. For example, "The west wind is still shining, the decaying grass has fallen away, and everything is desolate and lifeless."
When appreciating the distinctive language above, teachers can guide students to taste the language, or they can filter out the words above , let students grasp it in conjunction with the context, but never deviate from the context, and let students analyze sentences based on sentences.
Difficulty: Dialectically understand hutongs and the decline of hutong culture
This is an article that is dialectical in both writing and content. It has a coherent structure and strict logic. The three parts are natural. In terms of content, the dialectical nature is more reflected in the third part of the article: the decline of hutongs.
Recognizing the decline of hutongs and hutong culture requires students to start from the language level and understand the author's feelings embedded in the language.
The author's feelings in this article can be said to be complicated.
1. Not only do these sounds not sound noisy, but they actually make the alley seem quieter. "——This is an expression full of emotion and nostalgia.
2. "Beijing people are also very particular about dealing with neighbors." "Distant relatives are not as good as close neighbors. ——This is a tribute to the warm side of Hutong.
3. "They always stay out of things and watch with cold eyes." - This is a criticism of Beijing people who "have nothing to do with themselves".
Some sentences are so complicated that people cannot understand the emotion for a while, such as "keep to yourself and accept whatever comes." What kind of attitude do you think it is? Is it yes or no? This will also give students more to think about.
In short, we can see that the author’s feelings towards hutongs and hutong culture are complex, including love and nostalgia for them, but also an open-mindedness towards their passing away. The decline of hutong culture makes the author I saw the exciting side of traditional culture, and also allowed the author to see the impact of historical development and social progress on old things. In an era of rapid advancement of modern civilization, it is inevitable that traditions will be impacted.
The author shows a clear dialectical thinking in his understanding of the decline of Hutongs and Hutong culture. Similarly, the author also has a dialectical understanding of the inherent cultural form of Beijingers. For example, "keeping oneself in peace" is an ideology derived from an older tradition. It has had a profound impact on many Chinese people and the author himself. The author's optimism and happiness in poverty are not unrelated to it. On the contrary, we can also see that "keeping one's own laurels" can also lead to a lack of ambition and complacency, which hinders the development and progress of society.
6. Summary: The author is familiar with life in Beijing and the hutongs in Beijing. He can also figure out the connotation of hutong culture from the characteristics of hutongs. He admires hutongs and hutong culture, but he also knows that hutongs, like other traditional things, will gradually fade out of the stage with the development of the times and society. This is the author's rational and calm thinking.
7. Knowledge Cards
Accumulate the following words:
Busy traffic: Cars are like running water, and horses are like swimming dragons. Describes many carriages, horses or vehicles, and constant traffic.
Settlement and relocation: Once you are used to living in one place, you are unwilling to move easily.
8. Blackboard Design
Blackboard One
Hutong Culture
Founder is relocating
Naming The reason is that the living styles are closed to each other
The size of Beijing's hutongs is a cultural form. The closed culture is easy to satisfy "tolerance"
The hutongs are quiet and stay out of the world
Keep to yourself
Accept the situation
Blackboard 2
Hutong culture
Language characteristics
A less noisy and quieter culture
Hey, the color of spoken language - easy to satisfy
Beijingers, I really have you! ——Be good at patience
The classical colors are still shining in the west wind, and the decaying grass is leaving——There is nothing you can do
A short sentence of big pickled radish is good——Simple and neat
Description The method must have been selling mutton - accurate
The second lesson of "Hutong Culture" Detailed Cases
Teaching purposes:
1. Understand the expression method of the preface Diversity, appreciate the rich feelings of the author contained in the illustrative language training.
2. Cultivate students’ ability to understand key words and key sentences based on context.
3. Understand the rich connotation of "Hutong culture" in the text.
4. Cultivate students’ worldview of thinking dialectically.
Teaching focus:
1. Understand key words and key sentences.
2. The rich connotation of "Hutong culture".
Teaching difficulties:
Dialectical approach to problems.
Teaching steps:
1. Students quickly read paragraphs 1 to 5 of the text and summarize the characteristics of "Hutong".
This process pays attention to cultivating students' ability to dig deep from the surface to the deep, and cultivate students' leap consciousness from perceptual to rational understanding.
After reading, guide students to select adjectives that can summarize the characteristics of Hutong, and clarify the grammatical restrictions for summarizing the characteristics.
Clear:
Square and square, rich in naming sources, the quietness of the hutong (highlighted by dynamic contrast)
2. Thinking: "Hutong, "Siheyuan is the way of living for Beijing citizens, and it is also the cultural form of Beijing citizens." What is the role of "siheyuan" in the full text?
This is a transitional sentence that connects the previous and the next, connecting "Hutong" and "Hutong culture", and naturally transitions to revealing the connotation of "Hutong culture".
3. Students should extensively read paragraphs 6 to 12 of the text and use information screening to capture the connotation of "Hutong culture" revealed by the author in the text.
Key sentences:
Hutong culture is a closed culture;
That is to say, it is believed that distant relatives are not as good as close neighbors, and "everyone sweeps away the snow in front of their own door";
Easily satisfied and have low material requirements for life;
I like to watch the excitement, but don’t like to be nosy;
The essence of Hutong culture is "tolerance" ". Stay safe and accept whatever comes your way.
Teachers should guide students to summarize the information screened above and summarize the essence of "Hutong culture".
Clearly: settle down, have little past, be easily satisfied, not meddle in other people's business, keep to oneself, and accept adversities
4. Students read the rest of the text.
Thought 1: The title of the text is "Hutong Culture". By the 12th paragraph, the connotation of Hutong culture is already clear. Why do we still need to write the following text?
Clarity: Although the connotation of "Hutong culture" has been revealed in the previous article, in the "connotation", we can clearly know the complex mood of the author. This complexity is not ambiguous, but has There is a certain tendency, and his likes and dislikes can still be distinguished. The reason why the author reveals this thought in the article is to express the choices faced by traditional culture such as "Hutong culture" under the impact of modern civilization. This is the main purpose of the article, which is to express a modern person's understanding of traditional culture. of critical understanding.
The teacher selected the following three paragraphs to let students understand the author’s attitude towards the disappearance of Hutongs and Hutong culture:
“The west wind is still shining, the decaying grass has fallen away, and everything is desolate and silent. ” is a true portrayal of the fading hutongs;
“Looking at these photos of hutongs can’t help but make people feel nostalgic and even a little sad.” This is also a true reflection of the fading hutongs;
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"Goodbye, Hutong" thousands of words are condensed into the most common sentence. Some are helpless, some are open-minded and frank, some are confused and confused, and maybe there is something else in it...
Thought 2: Based on your own understanding, how do you think about what the author calls "keeping one's peace of mind"?
Clarity: Everything may have its two sides, and no matter how positive something is, it will become what people often call a "double-edged sword." "Being law-abiding" not only cultivates people's compliance with laws and regulations, but also cultivates the inertia of people's life and work. Students can express their own opinions based on their own experience and knowledge.
5. Ask students to talk about the language features of the text based on the content of the text.
This is a very unique article in terms of language. For specific content analysis, please refer to key point 2 in the "Steps to Solve Key and Difficult Points" in the general case.
Summary: The article quotes Beijing proverbs and dialects in many places. It is simple, straightforward, colloquial, full of life, and full of emotion, making the article full of strong regional cultural color.
6. Homework: Read the following paragraph and answer the questions at the end.
Zhao Mengfu, who was looked down upon by Fu Qingzhu, did have the disadvantage of being sweet in his calligraphy, but among the sweetness there were many traces of the style of his predecessors. Bao Shichen, a calligraphy theorist of the Qing Dynasty who is famous for his work "Yi Zhou Shuang Ji", said that he had seen an ink of Zhao Mengfu. At first glance, it was all Zhao Mengfu, but on closer inspection, this too pure Zhao Mengfu could not be Zhao Mengfu. . Zhao Mengfu studied the two kings, Li Beihai, and Chu Henan. There are no traces of these forefathers. Zhao Mengfu only has one glyph left, which is obviously a fake.
This conclusion is really brilliant. A complex literati like Zhao Mengfu can only be the result of the convergence and dissolution of multiple personality structures: they have converged and dissolved into a remarkable and independent person, and one can still trace their connections one by one and identify them in the ink marks. This phenomenon is completely contrary to what people usually talk about when talking about art: "the blending of hundreds of schools of thought without leaving any trace". Here, an important feature of Chinese culture is revealed.
This is the respectable and deplorable Chinese culture.
It cannot be said that there is no independent personality at all, but the traditional magnetic field tightly controls the whole situation, and no matter how strong the cultural personality is, it is also lost layer by layer in the network of involvement. The cultural personality that should be sound and loud is increasingly tending to group interpenetration and dissipation. Interpenetration in space becomes a social identity; interpenetration in time becomes an inherited stereotype. The individual personality is caught in the pull of these two forces. The emission of life is more or less succumbed to the inertia of the masses, and the upright soul is gradually bent by the gorgeous burden. Please see, just a writing brush can bear the helplessness of thousand-year-old literati.
1. The beginning of the second paragraph says: "This conclusion is really brilliant." What does "this conclusion" refer to?
2. The end of the second paragraph says: "Here, an important feature of Chinese culture is revealed." Please briefly explain the content of this "important feature".
3. The last paragraph says: "Individual personality is struggling in the pull of these two forces." Please answer the specific meaning of these "two forces" in the original words (no more than 5 words planned)
4. The last paragraph begins: "This is the respectable and lamentable Chinese culture." What does "Chinese culture" refer to here? "Respectable" is because the calligraphy heritage has accumulated into a deep and overlapping maze. Why is it said to be "lamentable"? Please excerpt the original text and briefly explain it.
"Chinese culture" refers to:
"Sigh" refers to:
Reference answer:
1. " This conclusion means that Zhao Mengfu who is too pure cannot be Zhao Mengfu.
2. The heritage of calligraphy is extremely rich, and even if we try to innovate, we cannot escape the influence of tradition.
3. Social identity and inherited stereotypes.
4. "Chinese culture" refers to calligraphy. "Sad" because: cultural individuality is losing layer by layer under the control of tradition, and it is increasingly tending to the mutual penetration and dissipation of groups.