Appreciation of Hou's Classic Calligraphy Works
Hou calligraphy classic picture 1
Picture 2 of Hou Classic Calligraphy Works
Picture 3 of Hou Classic Calligraphy Works
Figure 4 of Hou's classic calligraphy works
Brief introduction of Hou Shu
Hou Ma's Letter of Alliance was an agreement signed by Zhao Yang, an official of the State of Jin in the Qing Dynasty, and Dr. Qing from 15 to 23 years at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period (497-489 BC). 1965, the Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Working Committee found that the excavation time of the Jinguo site in Houma, Shanxi Province was from June of the same year 165438+ 10 to May of the following year. Joint books are also called "carrying books". "Zhou Li? Note: Meng Si's Law of Holding a Group: "Holding a group is also an oath. Those who hold a group write their own words on the strategy, kill sacrifices, take blood and bury them in it, which is called a group book. "At that time, in order to consolidate internal unity and combat hostile forces, governors and Qing doctors often held such vows. The book of alliance is made in duplicate, one of which is hidden in the government of alliance, and the other is buried underground or submerged in the river to win the trust of ghosts and gods. Hou Ma's letter of alliance was written on a piece of jade with a brush. The handwriting is generally vermilion, and a few are black. The font is close to the bronze inscriptions in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Its discovery is of great significance to the study of China's ancient oath system, ancient Chinese characters and the history of Jin State.
The Meng site excavated from the Meng site is located in the southeast of the site of the State of Jin in Houma, with an area of about 3,800 square meters. It is divided into two parts: the book burial area and the sacrificial burial area, and the book burial area is concentrated in the northwest. More than 400 pits (pits for burying sacrifices) were found at the swearing-in site, and the sacrifices were generally buried at the bottom of the pits. Cattle, horses and sheep are buried in the pit, and sheep or group books are buried in the pit. There is also a small niche at the bottom of the northern wall of most ridges, in which a piece of jade called "coin" is placed, and some pits are also buried with several pieces. There are no shrines and jade coins in the ridge where the book of alliance is buried. These jade coins and sacrifices are sacrifices offered to gods or ancestors when sworn in. Jade coins used as sacrifices are jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade, jade. Most of the jade pieces used to write the League Book are in the shape of Gui, the largest is 32 cm long and nearly 4 cm wide, and the smallest is 18 cm long and less than 2 cm wide.
The Value of Hou Ma Meng Shu
Thousands of Hou Ma's league books and league words are complete and systematic, which is very rare in China's historical documents. These precious historical relics of Hou Ma's League Book provide us with important material data on the political, economic, cultural and military aspects of the transition from slave society to feudal society and from slave-owner dictatorship to landlord-class dictatorship at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.
Houma, where the Oath Book was unearthed, is the area where Xintian, the capital of the late Jin Dynasty, is located at the intersection of Fenhe River and Huihe River. The Book of Houmameng is the product of Jin's move to Xintian. The discovery of these precious historical relics in Houma League Book proves that today's Houma area is the location of Shanggong, the ancestral temple of Jindun, and the appearance of the word "Ding Gong" further proves that the site of the Jin State in Houma is closely related to Xintian, the capital of the late Jin State, which provides reliable written evidence for confirming the ancient Xintian, that is, today's Houma.
There are more than 5,000 books of the League unearthed in Houma, of which 653 can read, with a total word count of about 3,000 words. Besides repetition, there are nearly 500 words. These precious cultural relics provide reliable materials for the study of Eastern Zhou characters, and are undoubtedly valuable physical materials for the study of China's calligraphy art history. ..
The Book of Houmameng is the official document of the State of Jin in the late Spring and Autumn Period. The writing of the book of alliance is an alliance oath written in red pen or ink on stones and jade plates. These words are written with a brush, complete chapters and sentences, and original handwriting of ancient Chinese characters.
The style of Zhu Shu's Poems about Sleeping after Ma Meng is similar to that of the bronzes "Luan Shu" and "Gong Jin", and the brushwork is similar to that of Chu Silk Book and Xinyang Bamboo Slips in the Warring States Period, but the style is slightly richer.
Hou Mameng's handwriting and calligraphy are very skillful, some slender, some free and easy, all from the hands of "swearing", not one person's brushwork. Some handwriting is as small as 0.2 cm, but the strokes are still very clear, indicating that the handwriting must be written with a soft and elastic brush, which is beyond doubt.
Hou Shu's calligraphy art is unique and unique. The era of alliance writing is later than that of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which is roughly the same as that of Jinwen. After archaeological research, Hou's calligraphy and writing methods are different from Oracle Bone Inscriptions's. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the mature script of the earliest recorded language in China. Carved on tortoise shells, shoulder bones of cattle, deer skulls and other Oracle Bone Inscriptions. It is written in crimson and then carved, or directly carved. There are prophase and anaphase. The lines in the early stage are stiff and rough, and gradually become beautiful in the later stage. However, most of the strokes in Oracle Bone Inscriptions are intended to express "deliberate", and there are few "strokes" in writing. Bronze inscriptions can be divided into "Shang Dynasty, Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period", but they are all fan inscriptions and lack the charm of writing.
Hou Mameng's calligraphy is the original calligraphy written by Jin people with brush, which reflects the ancient writing art in the Spring and Autumn Period most directly and truly. Meng Shu is characterized by simple font, smooth brushwork and natural style. Because the writing of the League is written by many people, its font style presents some vigorous and dignified, and some elegant and free and easy. Shu Meng's writing strongly shows the unique elastic rhythm of soft pen in writing and writing, which is another feature of his writing style, with light strokes, unique and beautiful style, simple and elegant, and complicated changes. It reflects the writing style of Shu Meng before the unification of Qin Dynasty and belongs to the seal script system.
Hou's calligraphy is characterized by outstanding brushwork. That is to say, the strokes of Hou's calligraphy are obviously exposed, which is different from the left and right oblique strokes, and often has the stroke intention of returning the strokes naturally, which is naturally formed by skillful writing with a brush. This kind of writing is very common in the league books, which reflects the style of the characters in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
Hou Ma's book of alliance is written in bamboo on stone tablets and jade tablets. In ancient China, there was a saying that blood was taken by killing, and oaths were written in blood. The characters of Houma League are written with red mineral pigments. This is the continuation and perfection of the custom of writing in blood, which not only maintains the connotation of the word, but also highlights the characteristics of northern culture.
Hou's calligraphy and calligraphy methods are exquisite works of art created by ancient ancestors, the inevitable product of the development of Jin culture to a certain stage, and a wonderful work of ancient Chinese calligraphy art.
These materials are included in the book of post-Mamun, which can be consulted and studied.
Beijing, April 29th (Liu Shibin Qin) The reporter was informed on the morning of 29th that the 6th "Houma, Shanxi" sponsored by the Propaganda Department of Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and Linfen Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government? The Cultural Festival of the Ancient Capital of Jin State will open on May 26th.
The theme of this cultural festival is "Inheritance, Cooperation and Development", and the activities are colorful: TanJing, Cai Guoqing, Tu Honggang and other famous singers appeared at the opening ceremony. The organizer will hold a seminar on the development of Jin's ancient capital and regional central cities, the Qin-Jin-Yu Yellow River Golden Triangle Antique Fair, the first exhibition of Pei's descendants' calligraphy and painting, the calligraphy exhibition of seven counties and cities in southern Shanxi, and the inauguration ceremony of Peng Zhen bronze statue.
Houma, Shanxi, called Xintian in ancient times, was the capital of the late Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2,500 years ago. According to Zuo Zhuan, in 585 BC, Duke Jing of Jin moved his capital to Xintian for 209 years because of his "thick soil and deep water". The origin of the state of Jin is the origin of Shanxi Province. In Xintian, Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin, which ended the history of the State of Jin and opened the prelude to the seven warring states competing for China.
The long history of Jin State left Houma with rich cultural resources. 196 1 year, "houma jinguo site" was listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. Shu Meng of Houma, Ding of the Jin Dynasty, Kung Shou Bubi and other cultural relics of Jin Dynasty with great archaeological value are rare in the world, among which Shu Meng of Houma shocked Chinese and foreign historians, with 198 pieces. The splendid Jin ancient capital culture has become one of the birthplaces of Sanjin culture and even Chinese culture.