After 296 years. ***There are:
Qing Taizu: Aixinjueluo Nurhaci 1616 ~ 1626 Qing Taizong: Aisin Gioro Huang Taiji 1627 ~ 1643
Qing Shizu; Ai Xinjueluo Fulin, 1644-1661, reign name: Shunzhi
Qing Shengzu; Aixinjueluo Xuanye, 1662-1722, reign name: Kangxi
Qing Shizong: Aixinjueluo Yinzhen, 1723-1735, reign name: Yongzheng
Qing Gaozong: Aixinjueluo Hongli, 1736-1795, reign: Qianlong
Qing Renzong: Aixinjueluo Yong Yan 1796-1820 Era: Jiaqing
Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty: Aixinjueluo Minning 1821-1850 Era: Daoguang
Wenzong of the Qing Dynasty: Aixinjueluo Yiqin 1851 ~1861 Era name: Xianfeng Qing Mu Zong: Aixinjueluo Zaichun 1862~1874 Era name: Tongzhi
Qing Dezong: Aixinjueluo Zaichun 1875~1908 Era name: Guangxu
(no temple name) Aixinjueluo Puyi 1909-1911 Reign name: Xuantong
Knowledge expansion:
History is simply four words : "Rise and fall." How to divide the Qing Dynasty into the Twelve Dynasties? We customarily divide it into four sections. The first section is the history of the rise of the Qing Dynasty. My personal calculation is the three dynasties, Tianming, Tiancong and Shunzhi, or Tiantianshun for short. The second section is about prosperity, Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong; the third section is about decline, which is generally the three dynasties, Jiaqing, Daoguang, and Xianfeng; and the fourth section is about death: Tongzhi, Guangxu, and Xuantong. In this way, the 296-year history of the Qing Dynasty can be divided into four parts and will be easy to remember.
In the early stage of entering the customs, he established a foundation and reformed and prospered.
The portrait of Nurhachi, the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was just two words "create".
Nurhaci arose in a village in Hetuala, Liaodong, now Fushun City, Liaoning. How big was this village? The whole village uses a well, which is built on a mountain. This mountain is very strange. It is a mountain that rises from the ground. It is about ten meters high from the ground. It looks like a steamed bun cut. It suddenly rises. The top is flat and the top is repaired. wall. The fence is very simple. It is built with stones, wood, and earth. How many people raised an army? Some people said there were a hundred people, but I counted less than a hundred, about forty or fifty people. Then there will be battles in the south and north, east and west, the obedient will be subdued, and the rebellious will flee. Finally, the Qing Dynasty was established, and this foundation began with Nurhachi. Nurhachi was very miserable when he established his foundation. During his entire military career, he never lost a battle in 44 years. It can be said that he is invincible and invincible. However, there was a Cantonese named Yuan Chonghuan, who was called Nanmanzi at that time. Yuan Chonghuan was only born in the second year after Nurhachi raised his army. Some people say that Yuan Chonghuan was an excellent soldier and commander during his military campaigns in the north and south. In fact, he was only a Jinshi and served as a county magistrate. One theory is that he injured Nurhachi, and another theory is that he did not hurt him. I think he was still injured. Why is it not recorded in Qing history? Can it be recorded? Yuan Chonghuan injured his ancestor and could not record it. Emperor Jiaqing was struck to death by lightning, can you remember that? I can't even remember this. Therefore, Yuan Chonghuan is Nurhaci’s nemesis.
After the death of Nurhachi, his eighth son Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne and was the fourth eldest Baylor in terms of Baylor ranking. The only word for Huang Taiji's portrait is "reform" to eliminate Nurhaci's shortcomings and advance his father's foundation. Give an example. Nurhaci suspected that there were many intellectuals secretly communicating with the Ming Dynasty, and ordered them to be killed. Every one was killed, and three hundred of them fled to the top of the mountain. After the incident, people came out, and they were not killed. They were assigned to the Baylor family as slaves. These After a person dies, his wife and daughter continue to be concubines or female slaves of the Baylor family. Huang Taiji made a reform and gave these people an exam. If she passed the exam, she was exempted from the status of a slave and given a free status. These people were very happy. After passing the exam, the identity was liberated. History recorded four words of "folk joy". Later, the exam was taken again, and a dozen candidates were selected, which was the basis of the civil servants of the Qing Dynasty.
The battle of Emperor Yongle's Jingnan was also a usurpation of the throne, usurping the throne of his nephew (Emperor Jianwen). Whose throne did Yongzheng usurp? There are about 20 brothers of appropriate age, and 8 of them have some power. These 8 people competed for the throne. Yongzheng was smarter and took it, so I say it was Yongzheng who took the throne. Thirteen years after Yongzheng seized the throne, he pursued drastic reforms. Yongzheng was vigorous and resolute. To what extent were the emperors of Yongzheng and the Qing Dynasty diligent? I read the daily life records of Kangxi. Every morning at about 8 o'clock in the palace, he would listen to politics and hold court meetings in the Qianqing Palace. This happened every day, no matter whether it was cold or hot, there was no Friday or Saturday. There are still some official matters to be handled during the Spring Festival, such as meeting with the Mongolian prince. Later, the Xia Dynasty was changed to the current Zhongnanhai. The Qing emperor's diligence was not just one emperor, but all the emperors. This should be unique in the history of the dynasty after Qin Shihuang. This was not the case in the Ming Dynasty. Wanli did not go to court for several decades. The emperors of the Ming Dynasty were ridiculous, but there were no emperors like the Qing Dynasty. Yongzheng approved dozens of memorials a day. He listened to politics in the morning and met with ministers in the afternoon. He also had to study and study, and he liked to approve memorials in the evening. The lights didn't work at that time, so Yongzheng had bad eyesight and was equipped with glasses. He had many pairs of glasses.
The next step was his son Qianlong. Qianlong was very lucky. He became the emperor at the age of 25 and stayed there for 60 years until he was 85 and became the emperor for three years. It is unprecedented in ancient Chinese history.
What is the portrait of Qianlong? Some people say he was a romantic emperor, but I personally think he was a cultural emperor. Some people disagree with my opinion. I say that Qianlong revised the "Sikuquanshu". Some people say that this is unscientific and that the book has been ruined after being revised. I say that you have only read one side and not the other side. The book at that time One is called an orphan book, one is called a rare book, which is very precious, one is called a manuscript, a manuscript, and the other is a manuscript, which is passed on to each other. Qianlong collected useful books from all over the country to Beijing and hired many people to write them there. Everyone has the opportunity to take a look at the "Sikuquanshu". It is a comprehensive work, with more than 70,000 volumes. It is a huge cultural project. We are still proud of this today. Some volumes are now in the National Library, and one volume is now in the National Library. Lanzhou, I went to Lanzhou University not long ago to read this book. After reading it, we realized that it was an amazing project. We divided a book into seven parts and copied seven parts. If those books were not repaired at that time and were destroyed, it would be a pity. A major contribution to Qing Dynasty culture was the inheritance of Chinese civilization.
The country's fortunes were not prosperous, the emperor was incompetent, and the Qing Dynasty was declining and perishing.
After Qianlong, Jiaqing came, and Jiaqing was just two words "mediocre." Jiaqing was the emperor for 25 years. He only did one thing well, punishing He Shen. There was nothing else to write home about.
We arrived at Daoguang after Jiaqing. Daoguang should bear the responsibility for the failure of the Opium War. No one has ever said this, but I said so anyway. Daoguang was an incompetent emperor. The two words pictured were "incompetent". During the Opium War, the British came to the door. They used Lin Zexu to ban smoking, but he couldn't use it to the end. When encountering difficulties, he was exempted. He banned smoking for a while, and started the war for a while. , for a while it seeks peace and wavers. As a politician, he lacks firmness. Britain is not the Britain it is today. The gap between it and the Qing Empire was not so huge at that time. At this time, the number of Chinese people was already 40 million, and only 5,000 people came from Britain at the beginning. I’ll shoot you after all the bullets. What's the matter? Besides, you traveled long distances for transmission from India behind you. Therefore, Daoguang should bear the main historical responsibility for the failure of the Opium War and the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing. Daoguang's incompetence led to the failure of the Opium War and the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing. Daoguang's name should be nailed to the pillar of shame in the history of the Chinese nation for all traitors to see.
After Daoguang is over, there will be Xianfeng.
It was not a good time for Xianfeng to catch up. Over there was the British and French allied forces, and here was the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. It was a special era, but there was one thing. , it’s my birthday, I’m only in my thirties, why are you anxious? After singing for three days and three nights, the Western invaders have already reached Tianjin. If we don't take this opportunity to hold a court meeting to study how to resist? When the national crisis hit, he ran away with his family and even took the opera troupe to listen to the opera. With a large number of concubines, some people say that Xianfeng also smoked cigarettes. This needs to be verified.
Xianfeng did not organize the army and the people to resist the war, but left the burden to Prince Gong, and ran away by himself. Even after the treaty was signed and he refused to come back, he sang and danced day and night. Therefore, Xianfeng was a cowardly emperor, and Tongzhi was a naughty boy. He became emperor at the age of six, ruled for thirteen years, and died at the age of nineteen.
The following is Guangxu. How to draw Guangxu's portrait? I would say only two words: "unfortunate". The first misfortune is that Guangxu's father is Prince Chun. When his father sees him, he kneels down and calls himself a minister. When he sees his father, he has to call him father. Guangxu is the king and he is the minister. Guangxu and his father are not on good terms and cannot live a normal life as father and son. Life. The second misfortune is that he cannot live a normal mother-child life with his mother. Is it okay for Guangxu to see his mother? No, my mother lived in the Beifu of the Prince's Palace, which is now Soong Ching Ling's former residence. The third misfortune was that Cixi's mother had an abnormal relationship. She was not her biological mother, so she had to be called her biological mother. Fourth, the queen is both a wife and a supervisor. She cannot be far away or close. Fifth is the problem of concubines. If you don’t like Concubine Zhen, Cixi will push you down a well and drown her. The relationship with his brother is also not good. I counted at least eight misfortunes. Regarding Guangxu's death, in addition to some materials, I also saw new materials, the memoirs written by Qi Gong. His ancestors heard it personally when they were ministers of the Ministry of Rites in the Qing Dynasty. Cixi's dysentery was very dangerous, and Guangxu was in poor health but not fatal. situation. I read the actual records. He went to see Ci Xi every day to pay her respects, and sometimes even ate with her. This shows that Guangxu was not seriously ill. How could he go to pay her respects if he was seriously ill? If you are awesome, can you have dinner with me? Cixi was critically ill, and the Ministry of Rites immediately notified the whole country to hold funerals. The eunuch on duty came out of Cixi's room and walked to Guangxu's room with a small rice bowl. Passing by the room of the Minister of Rites, the Minister of Rites took the initiative to say hello, "What do you do?" He said he would give the emperor a bowl of yogurt, so he entered Guangxu's house. Less than an hour later, Guangxu died. After a while, Cixi also started crying in the house. Therefore, this bowl of yogurt was poison and poisoned Guangxu to death. How did Guangxu die? As a conclusion, this remains to be considered.
The last one is Xuantong. Xuantong ascended the throne at the age of 3 and abdicated at the age of 6. He was still equivalent to a child in a kindergarten class and was not enough to discuss.