If candidates who want to obtain the Chinese middle school teacher qualification certificate need to pass the written examination and interview in the three subjects of comprehensive quality of middle school, middle school education teaching knowledge and ability and Chinese subject knowledge, then Chinese subject knowledge and What are the abilities tested? Below are the test points for important figures in the Chinese language subject for the 2022 Teacher Qualification Certificate that I have prepared for you, for reference only! Test points for important figures in the Chinese subject of the 2022 Teacher Qualification Certificate Examination
Test point 1: Su Shi and his works
Su Shi (January 8, 1037 - August 24, 1101), courtesy name Zizhan, also named Hezhong, was known as Dongpo layman, and was known as Su Dongpo and Su Xian in the world. Han nationality, a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now part of Meishan City, Sichuan Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty. His ancestral home is Luancheng, Hebei Province. He is a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Su Shi is the representative of the highest achievements in literature in the Song Dynasty, and has achieved high achievements in poetry, lyrics, prose, calligraphy, and painting. His poems have broad themes, are fresh and bold, are good at using exaggerated metaphors, and have a unique style. Together with Huang Tingjian, they are called "Su Huang"; His writings are grand and bold, and he is known as "Ou Su" together with Ouyang Xiu, and is one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties".
Su Shi’s prose
Su Shi, the ancient writer of the Song Dynasty, wrote numerous prose in various styles, which can be roughly divided into argumentative essays, narrative essays, and essays. The emergence of these essays marked the highest achievement of the ancient prose movement in the Song Dynasty. and complete victory.
1. Argumentative essays, with political and historical essays as the highlights. Many of his argumentative essays are eloquent and powerful, with a blend of argumentation and literary talent, both emotion and reason, his language is clear and expressive, and he is good at reasoning with images, which is of great literary value.
2. Narratives include stele biographies, narrative texts, and prose, among which landscape travel notes and pavilions and pavilions notes are the most representative. He uses arguments to create a new realm for the article, and is good at expressing the integration between the appreciation of natural scenery and the understanding of life philosophy. Landscape travel notes, such as the "Red Cliff Ode" before and after, show the characteristics of using scenery to formulate arguments. Notes on pavilions, such as "Happy Rain Pavilion Notes", first narrate the reason for writing the preface to the pavilion, then record the rain, and then exaggerate people's joy. The article is like water waves spreading out layer by layer, with natural literary and scientific elements. Most of the narratives are literary prose, which use narrative, description, and lyricism at will.
3. Essays, short and casually written letters, inscriptions and postscripts, miscellaneous notes and essays are the main stylistic styles, which can best reflect the author's true temperament and true thoughts. Miscellaneous notes and essays describe the author's various experiences and feelings in daily life, such as "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple". This type of essay is informal and expresses one's own spirit. The characteristic of writing is that it is easy to pick up and written in a casual style.
Characteristics of Su Shi's prose art:
1. "Speech" and "Tongtuo", with the beauty of flexible flow, intricate changes and natural truthfulness.
2. Good at using metaphors and thinking with multiple images. For example, "Qian Chibi Ode"
Third, it has a poetic tendency, uses emotion and talent as its text, and is full of imagination.
Su Shi’s poems
1. Classification of Su Shi’s poems:
1. Social and political poems: poems that reflect the sufferings of the people and the gains and losses of current affairs, such as "Litchi Sigh" 》.
2. Landscape poetry: a lyrical and joyful work that integrates life insights into landscape descriptions, such as "Looking at the Mountains on the River" about flowing scenery; "Dengzhou Sea City" about fantasy smoke and clouds; "Dengzhou Sea City" about scenery; It has a sublimated life perception, a high level of philosophy, or a strong sense of life experience, such as "I don't know the true face of Mount Lu" in "Inscribed on the Wall of the West Forest".
3. He Tao’s poems: express feelings about landscapes, and are more interested in self-adaptation. For example, "Six Poems of He Tao Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" is simple but profound, artistically grasping the luxury of Tao's poems. Luo Jin Jian Zhenchun's characteristic is that he can describe the life scenes he has experienced in a realistic, plain and natural way, to the point of "spiritually resembling" Tao's poetry.
4. Poems on paintings: transform the painted scenery into a poetic state, be good at writing the dynamics of the painting, and make artistic associations with the meaning of the painting to reveal the charm outside the painting, such as "Huichong Spring River Scenery".
2. Artistic Characteristics of Su Shi’s Poetry
1. “Using text as poetry” is one of the distinctive features of Su Shi’s poetry, which mostly uses prose syntax and style throughout, such as "Shi Shi" Drum Song". "Using literature as poetry" actually means using talent as poetry to achieve success.
2. Rich metaphors, also known as "Bo Yu", such as "Hundred Steps of Hong".
3. With keen and meticulous observation and excellent writing skills, ordinary things, once written by his hand, give people a sense of spring when they touch them, such as "Jijiang Sencha".
4. Taking talent and learning as poetry is reflected in being good at discussing things and being good at using allusions. Consciously use discussion into poetry, combining the image feelings of things with philosophical thinking. For example, in "Inscription on the Wall of the West Forest", "I don't know the true face of Mount Lu, I just know that I am in this mountain."
5. Su Shi has all kinds of styles, but he is good at seven words, and the styles are diverse, and the seven words are beautiful and exquisite, such as "If you want to compare the West Lake to the West, it is always better to wear light makeup and heavy makeup."
6. There are two basic styles of Su's poetry, one is vigorous, clear and majestic, the other is bold and plain, open and leisurely. Gaofengjuechen is the dominant tendency of his poetic style, that is, an aesthetic realm that transcends the world.
Su Shi’s Ci
1. Su Shi’s exploration of the realm of Ci in Ci
1. Su Shi’s previous Ci poems were composed in response to songs, mostly about the love of men and women. , writing about the farewell between flowers and wine. Su Shi's poems express his upright and bold mind, get rid of the euphemism of Huajian's poems, and fully express the author's personality for excitement and boldness. For example, in "Red Cliff Nostalgia" "The great rivers go eastward, and the waves are swept away, and the romantic figures of the ages are revealed."
2. Su Shi returned the subject matter of his lyrics from responding to songs to expressing himself, and drew creations from real life Therefore, most of Su's poems are sentimental works, and some also use the form of a small preface to the title to determine the content of the performance and explain the motivation for creation. Such as "Shui Tiao Ge Tou? When will the bright moon come" and "Ding Feng Bo". Using a documentary technique to write about one's own life feelings makes the lyricism of the words closer to real life. The lyrical characters and creative themes in the words also move from separation to unified correspondence. It makes the creation of Ci move toward facing reality, facing society and real life, and greatly broadens the scope of Ci poetry.
3. Su Shi used words to show his political ambitions, life emotions, life interests, feelings, and mountains and rivers scenery to expand the realm of his words, combining the poet's "emotion" and the poet's "ambition". Character and character have been highly unified and integrated.
2. Su Shi’s “Poetry as Ci”
1. First of all, it refers to the expansion of the life content reflected in Ci, breaking through the traditional system of “Poetry as Yanke” , developing towards "literary-officials".
2. Before Su Shi’s "quci" music, it was basically "light music" and "soft literature". By Su Shi's time, he had developed small prefaces to his lyrics, incorporating the poet's syntax into his lyrics, introducing arguments into his lyrics, using a large number of scriptures and allusions, and breaking through the constraints of music on the style of lyrics, such as "Linjiang Fairy". Su's poetry fully embodies the aesthetic taste of literati and is a typical scholar-official poetry.
The positive significance of Su Shi's use of poetry as lyrics is that he changed the old tradition of poetry, increased the content of poetry, enriched the style of poetry, and promoted the development of poetry into an independent lyric poetry style.
3. The style of Su Shi's Ci
The style of Su Shi's Ci is bold and unrestrained. Su Shi is the representative of the bold and unrestrained style of Song Ci, but there are also many works that are extremely clear and elegant, and the styles are diverse. of.
1. Bold and unrestrained, such as "The great river goes eastward, the waves are gone, and the romantic figures of the ages are gone."
2. Graceful, such as "Ten years of life and death" in "Jiangchengzi" The two are boundless! If you don't think about it, you will never forget it. "This poem is a poem to commemorate the death of the deceased wife. It is placed in the sigh of the emptiness of life and death.
3. Clear and open, such as "Shui Tiao Ge Tou? When will the bright moon come?" "When will the bright moon come? Ask the blue sky for wine."
Su Shi - a unique genius in the history of Chinese culture, A rare all-rounder, multi-layered and all-around cultural - not just a literary giant.
With his miraculous writing style, profound knowledge, wise thoughts, noble personality, rich life experiences, and great achievements in many aspects, his name is a monument in the long history of Chinese culture!
Test point 2: Li Bai and his works
Li Bai (701-762), also known as Taibai, also known as Qinglian layman, also known as "the banished immortal". He was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty and was hailed as the "Immortal of Poetry" by later generations. Together with Du Fu, they are called "Li Du". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, who are called "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are also collectively called "Big Li Du". He is a cheerful and generous person who loves drinking, writing poetry, and making friends.
Li Bai’s "Collection of Li Taibai" has been handed down from generation to generation, and most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include "Wang Lushan Waterfall", "The Road is Difficult", "The Road to Shu is Difficult", "About to Drink", "Yue Nu Ci", "Early Departure from Baidi City" and many other poems.
Song people have biographies of Li Bai’s poems and poems (such as the first volume of Wen Ying’s "Xiangshan Wild Records"). In terms of its pioneering significance and artistic achievements, "Li Bai's Ci" enjoys an extremely high status.
Li Bai’s poetry
Li Bai’s Yuefu, song lines and quatrains are the highest. His song lines completely break all the inherent formats of poetry creation, with nothing to rely on, and various brushwork techniques, reaching a magical realm of unpredictable and swaying at will. Li Bai's quatrains are natural, lively, elegant and unrestrained, and can express endless emotions in concise and clear language. Among the poets of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei and Meng Haoran were good at the Five Jue, and Wang Changling and other Qi Jue wrote very well. Li Bai was the only one who was good at both the Five Jue and the Seven Jue and reached the same extreme level.
Li Bai’s poems are majestic and elegant, with extremely high artistic achievements. He eulogized the mountains, rivers and beautiful natural scenery of the motherland, with a majestic and unrestrained style, handsome and fresh, full of romantic spirit, and achieved the perfect unity of content and art. He was called the "Exiled Immortal" by He Zhizhang, and most of his poems mainly described landscapes and expressed inner emotions. Li Bai's poems have the artistic charm of "the pen falls in the storm, and the poem becomes weeping ghosts and gods", which is also the most distinctive artistic feature of his poems. Li Bai's poems are rich in self-expression and have a strong subjective lyrical color, and the expression of emotions has an overwhelming momentum. He and Du Fu are called "Big Li Du" (Li Shangyin and Du Mu are called "Little Li Du").
Li Bai’s poems often use imagination, exaggeration, metaphor, personification and other techniques to create a magical, magnificent and moving artistic conception. This is why Li Bai’s romantic poems give people a heroic, unrestrained, elegant and fairy-like feeling. Here's why.
Li Bai’s poetry has had a profound impact on future generations. Famous poets such as Han Yu, Meng Jiao, and Li He in the mid-Tang Dynasty, Su Shi, Lu You, and Xin Qiji in the Song Dynasty, and Gao Qi, Yang Shen, and Gong Zizhen in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were all greatly influenced by Li Bai's poetry.
The style of poetry
It is bold and unrestrained, fresh and elegant, with wonderful artistic conception, wonderful language, romanticism and clear intention.
Li Bai lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He had a heroic character and loved the mountains and rivers of his motherland. He traveled all over the north and south and wrote a large number of magnificent poems praising famous mountains and rivers. His poems are bold and unrestrained, fresh and elegant, rich in imagination, wonderful in artistic conception, and brisk in language. People call him the "Poetic Immortal".
Li Bai’s poetry not only has the typical romantic spirit, but also has the typical romantic artistic characteristics from image creation, material intake, genre selection and the use of various artistic techniques.
Li Bai successfully shaped himself in his poems, expressed himself strongly, and highlighted the unique personality of the lyrical protagonist. Therefore, his poems have distinctive romantic characteristics. He likes to use majestic images to express himself, and expresses his emotions in his poems without concealment or restraint, expressing his joy, anger, sorrow, and joy. To the powerful and powerful, he "held a chrysanthemum in his hand and made fun of two thousand stones" (one of two poems in "Send Cui Shiyu after Drunk"); when he saw the hard work of the working people, his "heart broke into tears like rain". When the country was overturned and people's livelihood was in ruins, he "crossed the river and swore to flow, aiming to clear the Central Plains. He drew his sword and struck the front pillar, and it was difficult to repeat the tragic song" ("Nan Ben Shu Huai"), so impassioned; when drinking happily with friends, " The two drank together, one cup after another.
"I'm so drunk that I'm going to sleep, please go away. I will come with my qin in the Ming Dynasty" ("Drinking with a Quiet Man in the Mountains"), and he is so naive and straightforward. In short, his poems vividly express his bold and uninhibited character and unruly character (俶) Unconventional image.
Boldness is the main feature of Li Bai’s poetry. In addition to various factors such as his thoughts, personality, talents, emotions, and other factors, the artistic expression techniques and genre structure used in Li Bai’s poetry are also important reasons for the formation of his bold and elegant style. Being good at relying on imagination and using subjectivity to express objectivity is an important feature of Li Bai's romantic poetry. Almost every poem contains imagination, and some even use a variety of imaginations such as real things, natural landscapes, myths and legends, and historical allusions. Dreams and illusions all become the medium of his imagination. He often uses imagination to transcend time and space, intertwining reality with dreams and fairyland, as well as nature and human society, to reproduce objective reality. The externalization of his inner subjective world is the reality of art.
One of the romantic artistic techniques of Li Bai's poetry is the clever combination of personification and metaphor, empathizing with things and comparing things to people.
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Another romantic artistic technique of Li Bai’s poetry is to seize certain characteristics of things and use bold imagination and exaggeration based on the reality of life. His exaggeration is not only strange in imagination, but also always related to specific things. The combination is so natural and unobtrusive; so bold and authentic, it plays the role of highlighting the image and strengthening the emotion. Sometimes he also combines bold exaggeration with sharp contrast to enhance the artistic contrast. Artistic effect.
Li Bai's best genre is the seven-character song line and the quatrain. It starts suddenly, and the middle image of the poem changes suddenly, and the transitional reference is often omitted, seemingly without a trace. The end of the poem often ends abruptly at the emotional climax.
Li Bai's five or seven-character quatrains, more. It perfectly represents the fresh and bright style of his poems, such as "Early Departure from Baidi City", "Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling", "Quiet Night Thoughts", etc. The beauty lies in "only the foreground, spoken words, but also the overtones and tastes." The taste makes people feel distant. " ("Speaking of Poetry", Part 1)
Some of the languages ????of Li Bai's poems are as fresh as spoken language, and some are bold and unrestrained, not restricted to rhythm, and are close to prose, but they are all unified in "Clear water produces hibiscus, natural This is related to his conscious pursuit of natural beauty. He inherited Chen Ziang's literary ideas and took it as his own duty to restore the tradition of poetry and Sao. He once said, "Since the Liang and Chen Dynasties, beauty has been extremely rare, and Shen Xiuwen has been elegant. With the rhythm of sound, I will return to the path. Who can follow me but me? " (Meng Qi's "Poetry of Skills·Gao Yi") He advocated "innocence" and satirized the ugly women who "lost their innocence" and imitated the ugly girls, learning to walk in Handan. The natural beauty of his poetic language is the result of his careful study of folk songs and understanding of their popular characteristics. , as clear as words, popular and vivid.
Representative works
"Wanglu Mountain Waterfall", "About to Enter the Wine", "The Road to Shu is Difficult", "Sleepwalking Tianmu Yin Leaves", "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran at Guangling"
Li Bai's Ci Fu
There is still no unanimous conclusion on whether Li Bai composed Ci, but the works that are now passed down as Li Bai's Ci are still unreliable. Regardless of their authenticity and whether they can be classified into the genre, there are about 20 poems, such as "Autumn Wind Ci", "Knotting Socks", "Bodhisattva Man", "Recalling Qin E", etc.
In terms of its pioneering significance and In terms of artistic achievements, "Li Bai's Ci" enjoys an extremely high status in the history of Ci. This status is like the status of ancient Greek mythology in Western art. As an "unattainable" standard, Li Bai's Ci has become an eternal symbol in people's minds. Idol. Li Bai made great contributions to the formation of the textual model of poetry and the creation model of poetry.
In fact, since the "Huajian Collection" of the Five Dynasties, all the anthologies and collections of poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties have been published. In the specific operation, Li Bai will not be forgotten, at least a sentence should be mentioned in the preface and postscript. As the first great poet in the history of literature, although he only has a few poems whose copyright is often doubted, he has never been forgotten. No one has expressed any dissatisfaction or criticism against him. If the world's best poet is selected, Li Bai will undoubtedly be elected as the "King of Ci"