Bamboo slips left over from the Han Dynasty in China. As early as the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Han bamboo slips were discovered in Juyan area, and people in the Northern Song Dynasty also obtained Eastern Han bamboo slips in Gansu and other places today.
Second, the scripts of the two kings
The running script of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is the most representative. There are many versions of Preface to Lanting, and there are many controversies about the possibility of loyalty. However, many of Wang Xizhi's letters have the style of running script, such as "funeral sign" and "parting poems" Although there are many strokes in the cursive script, most of them are running scripts.
In fact, there are many famous calligraphers in this era, such as "Long Live Tian Tong Sticker", in which many calligraphers' running scripts were copied from the Southern Dynasties and passed down to the Tang Dynasty, and Wang's calligraphy was presented to Wu Zetian, who preserved it with double hooks and ink. Before photography appeared, double hook and ink were the best copying methods, which were called "the next manuscript"
Wang Xun Boyuan Railway
Sanxi Hall Post: It's snowy and sunny, Mid-Autumn Festival, Yuan Bo Post, among which Yuan Bo's habit of writing with a pen and tying words is closely related to Wang Xizhi's style.
In addition to the Wangs, there are Xie Jia, such as Xie An.
Third, the Tang Dynasty
In the Tang dynasty, running script and regular script evolved from official script almost at the same time, and were not influenced by regular script in Wang Xizhi's time. However, this is obvious in the Tang Dynasty. For example, many copybooks, running scripts and regular scripts in Ou Yangxun have many characteristics of * * *.
Yan Zhenqing was one of the famous calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty. Among them, "Sacrifice for Nephew" is called "the second running script in the world", and many characters have the characteristics of regular script, so do the seat stickers. You can learn running script and regular script together when learning face. Yan's style has no obvious relationship with the two kings, so it can be said that Yan is a master who has developed his own style.
Tang Taizong's Wenquan Ming and Jinci Ming were two kings, and Pu Shu was also two kings. Li Yong also wrote inscriptions in running script. This trend began to affect later generations. For example, Li Sixun Monument and Lushan Temple Monument began to be assembled with Wang Xizhi's words and reassembled into copybooks. For example, in the same work, there was a monk named Daya, but the name of the monument was gone, called "Half Monument". The font is vivid and orderly. There is also the Diamond Sutra, which is also a good model for learning running script.
Four or five generations
Five generations is very short. The famous calligrapher was born in troubled times until the Prince, so he is known as "Yang" in the world, and his works have different styles. Jiuhua Tie and Ten Notes of Lu Hong Caotang are similar in style to Yan Zhenqing's running script and are called "Yan Yang".
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Song Dynasty
Cai Xiang, with elegant words, was a great master in the Song Dynasty and had his own style, especially Su Dongpo and Mi Fei. Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry is more free and unrestrained, completely liberalized. Through this work, we can infer the writing state at that time, which is called "the third running script in the world"
Mi Fei is as famous as Su Shi. "Shu Su Tie" and "Tiaoxi Iron Stone" were both written during middle-aged travel. Dong Qichang said that this is Mi Fei's "most serious copybook" such as "the lion catches the elephant". Mi Fei's masterpiece "Poem of a Boat on the Wujiang River", the experience of taking a boat, and the process of increasing the boat fee in case of wind.
Huang Tingjian is famous for his cursive script, and his running script is also very individual, such as Song Fengge's poems.
Sixth, the Yuan Dynasty
Zhao Mengfu dominated the Yuan Dynasty and was greatly influenced by Li Yong. Writing regular script in the form of running script is flexible and vivid, such as Danba Monument and Miao Yan Temple.
Seven, the Ming dynasty
The most influential are Wen Zhiming and Dong Qichang in the middle and late period. In the later period, Xu Wei's career was not satisfactory and his style was very distinctive. The fate of life will have a great influence on art. Huang Daozhou was also a loyal minister in the late Ming Dynasty and a representative of a gentleman. Ni and Wang Duo are also called "Three Trees" and "Three Madmen".
Eight, the Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty was greatly influenced by paste science, such as Liu Yong. In fact, it can be said that there are two mainstream schools, one is paste learning and the other is stele learning. After the Tang Dynasty, the official script declined, and the Qing Dynasty began to learn more about inscriptions. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, there was a great official, Ruan Yuan, who wrote in the North-South Calligraphy School and the North Monument South.
Nine, running script learning
To learn running script, we should have a general understanding of the development of calligraphy and the inscriptions of various dynasties, and make selective copying study according to our own preferences. The most effective way is to learn from famous artists, generally following the following principles:
Calligraphy, as an artistic appreciation, began almost from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it was practical in the Song Dynasty, including before, whether it was the letters of the two kings or the letters of the Song Dynasty. Even the inscription is made to publicize the content of the inscription and express personal habits and aesthetic interests in the writing process.
1. Learn ancient times
Erwang, Yan Zhenqing, Su Dongpo, Mi Fei, Li Yong, Zhao Mengfu, Dong Qichang, Wang Duo, Huang Daozhou and He broadened their horizons and appreciation through different calligraphers, and found what they liked.
2. Run the script rule
Pen: the way to write some pictures, the running script should be smooth, steady and rhythmic.
Conclusion: Naturally, words should be powerful and full of breath.
Composition: in a broad sense, it includes style, and in a narrow sense, it refers to the layout of the whole work.
The business positioning is "you concentrate all your existence on a piece of silk", which is true. Proper typesetting includes little by little drawing, knot writing, air circulation, white painting of the whole paper, lettering and mounting.
Ink method: ink is divided into five colors and adjusted as a whole.
Learn from the ancient script, "You can only get the middle if you take the method, but you can only get the lower if you take the method", "The ancient times are not good, but the disadvantages today are different", and the road to learning books is long, and I will advance with you!