Zhou Yunnian Nujiao Chibi Nostalgia
Su Dongpo
river of no return, a romantic figure with all the waves exhausted.
to the west of the old base, humanity is the Red Cliff in Zhou Lang.
Rocks and clouds collapse, the waves crack the shore, and thousands of piles of snow are rolled up.
the landscape is picturesque, and there are many heroes at one time!
Back in Gong Jin, Xiao Qiao was married for the first time, and she was magnificent.
the feather fan's black silk scarf, while talking and laughing, vanished into smoke.
I wander in my old country, and I am passionate about Ying Xiao Wo, and I was born early.
the world is like a dream, and a bottle of wine returns to the moon.
Appreciate
"river of no return, a man who has been squandered by waves and has been a romantic figure through the ages": it is quite imposing to start writing from the Yangtze River, which is a huge space; Romantic figures through the ages, vast historical time and space, countless heroes; Connect the two to form an extremely vast and long-standing time and space background; The waves are exhausted and the long river of history is washed away. It is sorrow, and it is also a kind of tolerance that connects the past and the present.
"To the west of the old base, humanity is the Red Cliff in Zhou Lang": If the front is an extraordinary big scene, then it is a detailed and accurate small scene. As the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms, there have always been different opinions, but what is certain is that the Red Cliff written by Su Dongpo is by no means the same as the Red Cliff in Battle of Red Cliffs in history. Dongpo is self-aware, so he points out that "Zhou Lang Red Cliff" is in the west. This sentence plays a great role in the text, which not only matches the title of the words, but also foreshadows the memory of Zhou Gongjin in Xiaque.
"Rocks go through the air, surf the shore, and roll up thousands of piles of snow": focus on the magnificent scenery of Chibi: steep cliffs are scattered high into the sky, surging waves violently hit the river bank, and surging rivers roll up thousands of piles of surging snow waves. The vivid description of the thick ink pen from different angles and resorting to different feelings swept away the mediocre and depressed atmosphere, which immediately brought the reader into a thrilling and dangerous realm, which made people open their minds and excited their spirits.
"A picturesque landscape, how many heroes there are at one time": always tie up the above and bring up the next piece. The wonderful picture painted for us in the previous article can't help but make people exclaim "picturesque"; Splendid rivers and mountains, outstanding people, picturesque rivers and mountains are bound to produce heroes who shine through the ages. In the Three Kingdoms period, it was the era when heroes surged and wizards came forth in large numbers: Cao Cao, who wrote poems, Sun Quan, who rushed to shoot tigers, Zhuge Liang, who decided in Longzhong, and Zhou Gongjin, who was resourceful ...
The last film was based on the scenery, paving the way for the appearance of heroes.
"Looking back at Gong Jin in the past ... vanished into thin air": On the historical stage of the Three Kingdoms, there are many heroes, and what Dongpo yearns for most is Zhou Yu, who wrote five sentences focusing on Zhou Gongjin, a handsome young man. Since it is the author's yearning, it is necessary to choose the material that can best express the characters. In the third year of Jian 'an, Sun Ce personally welcomed 24-year-old Zhou Yu, awarded the position of "Jianwei corps commander", and captured Anhui City with him. Zhou Yu took Xiao Qiao at the time of the victory of the Battle of Wancheng, and it was only ten years later that he commanded Battle of Red Cliffs. Here, ten years' events are brought together. Before writing Battle of Red Cliffs, this detail is suddenly inserted to set the beauty as the hero. (Xi Shi and Fan Li are boating on the lake.) Next, Zhou Yuru writes from the appearance and manners that he will be romantic, the enemy is now laughing and laughing, the command is calm, and the strong enemy collapses instantly.
"Wandering in the Old Country ... Huafa": There is a sadness that the political ideal has failed. The hope of rejuvenating the dynasty and the ambition to serve the country are in great contrast with the dark political reality and the bumpy situation of being relegated. Zhou Gongjin, who is full of deep thoughts and feelings, has a sloppy career and is unwilling to pay, and the poet feels old. In the same year, he is just in contrast.
"Life is like a dream, and a bottle is like a moon": the historical reality is shocking, and the poet suddenly realizes in heaven and earth. Since life is like a dream, why not let go of a smile and gallop in the mountains, rivers, cool breeze and bright moon, and feel free and easy here. (Poxian)
This word is extremely beautiful, with ups and downs. Knowing that life is like a dream, and writing about the glory of life, it is difficult to distinguish whether it is negative or positive. Although life's achievements are brilliant and ultimately end in dreams, even if it was brilliant after all, perhaps the brilliant life like a dream is more worth cherishing and more desirable. From the past to the present, philosophy and life, amid the grandeur and grandeur, are full of lingering feelings.
composition: going to the gate: rising high and then lingering low, and after a smooth transition, it is extremely passionate and generous, majestic and passionate; Xiaque: Shake the pen and swing it away, and the long sound is curled up, getting tighter and stronger. After being depressed, it returns to silence and vastness.
phonology: entering phonology, short and powerful. Poetry is verse, and it pays attention to the beauty of rhythm. When the fairyland appeared in tianmu Mountain Ascended in a Dream, it was changed from seven words to four words, which made the accident and mutation more intense. Another example is "pack up the mountains and rivers of the earth, and all four are empty!" After a long journey, the desert is flat, the mountains are built, and the Yangtze River is rolling. But when I see the cold clouds, the fog and the sorrow, I can't complain about endless hardships and sorrows. This is magnificent, and the mountains and rivers are safe. Who knows that I will go to Xiangyang with a gourd ladle and a hat! " Generous and vigorous, fierce and tragic.
Su Shi (137 ~ 111), with the word Zi Zhan and the word He Zhong, was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Meizhou, Sichuan), and was a famous writer and painter in the Song Dynasty (Northern Song Dynasty). He, his father, Su Xun, and his younger brother, Su Zhe, are all famous for their literature, and they are called "Sansu" in the world. It is the same as the "Three Cao Fathers and Sons" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) in the late Han Dynasty. Besides, Su Shi, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty were called "the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang, they are called the calligraphers who can best represent the achievements of calligraphy in the Song Dynasty, and they are collectively called "Song Sijia".
His father, Su Xun, is the "Su Laoquan" who was mentioned in San Zi Jing as "angry at twenty-seven". Su Xun was late in getting angry, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood study with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard study, it would be impossible for Su Shi to receive a good tutor at an early age, let alone "learn the history of general classics, which belongs to thousands of words every day", and it would be even more impossible for him to have a future literary master.
in the first year of Jiayou (156), Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination in the imperial court. In the following year, he took part in the examination of the Ministry of Rites, and won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with an article "The Theory of Punishment and Loyalty", and became a scholar in high school.
in the sixth year of Jiayou, Su Shi took the exam of the Chinese secondary school, which is usually called "three-year Beijing inspection", and entered the third class, where he was awarded the title of judge of Fengxiang House. Later, when his father died in Bianjing, Ding Youfu returned home. In the second year of Xining (169), he returned to the DPRK after serving his full term, and he was still given his post.
Su Shi has been away from Beijing for several years, and great changes have taken place in the DPRK. After Shenzong ascended the throne, Wang Anshi was appointed to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who appreciated him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with Wang Anshi, the new country, on the implementation of the new law. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful world" he saw when he was twenty years old.
On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the damage of the new law to ordinary people, so he disagreed with what Prime Minister Wang Anshi did. He thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter against it. One result of this is that, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for release and was transferred to Hangzhou for a general sentence.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his tenure, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places, where he was appointed as Zhizhou.
This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life. At that time, someone deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss. In the second year of Yuanfeng (179), less than three months after his arrival in Huzhou, Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law and "slandering the monarch", which is known as the Wutai Poetry Case in history.
After 13 days in prison, Su Shi was on the verge of being beheaded. Thanks to the Northern Song Dynasty's national policy of not killing ministers during the reign of Mao Zhao Kuangyin, Su Shi only dodged a bullet.
After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to the deputy ambassador of Huangzhou Yong Lian (equivalent to the deputy captain of the modern civil self-defense forces). This position is quite humble, and at this time Su Shi has become disheartened after this prison. In his spare time, he led his family to reclaim wasteland and farm to help make ends meet. The nickname "Dongpo lay man" was given to him at this moment.
in the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong, Su Shi left Huangzhou and took office in Ruzhou. Due to the long journey and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is a long way away, and the travel expenses have been exhausted. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was preparing to return to Changzhou, Shenzong died.
Zhezong ascended the throne, the Empress Dowager listened to politics, the new party forces fell, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as the prime minister. So Su Shi was called back to the DPRK in 1998 with the Ministry of Rites as a doctor. In the first half of the month, I was promoted to the position of residence Sheren, and three months later, I was promoted to the position of Zhongshu Sheren, so I was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Hanlin.
as the saying goes, "Beijing officials are not easy to be." When Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law, he thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and once again made suggestions to the emperor.
So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he asked for another transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou as a prefect after a separation of 16 years. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredged the West Lake, and built a dam next to the West Lake with the dredged mud, which is the famous "Su Causeway".
Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou, comparing himself with Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuan You, he was recalled to the DPRK. But soon he was released to Yingzhou because of political disagreement. In the eighth year of Yuan You (193), the New Party came to power again. He was demoted to Huizhou for resettlement, and then to Danzhou (now Danxian County, Hainan Province) for resettlement by Changhua Army on the charge of "ridiculing the first dynasty". Huizong acceded to the throne, transferred Lianzhou resettlement, Shuzhou Yong ying deputy envoy and Yongzhou resettlement. In the third year of Yuan Fu's reign (111), he was granted amnesty, resumed his post as Chao Fenglang, returned to the north, and died in Wenzhong, Changzhou, posthumous title. At the age of 66.
Su Shi's literary and artistic achievements
Su Shi's literary views are in the same strain as Ouyang Xiu's, but he emphasizes the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. His literary thought emphasizes "doing something for something", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "creating new ideas in statutes and putting wonderful reasons outside the bold". He believes that the composition should be "like flowing water, with no definite quality at first, but always doing what you should do and always stopping at what you can't stop." The artistic realm of "natural arts and sciences, full of postures" ("Thank you for your teacher's book"). Su Shi's prose works are rich, and he is also known as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. The style of the article is simple and fluent, and it is bold and unrestrained. Shi Dehong's "Postscript Dongpo (left and right) Pool Record" said: "Its writing is as sloppy as water, and its waves are naturally written." Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu are also called "Ou Su", which is one of the "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".
After Su Shi devoted himself to promotion, Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan all went out of his family.
There are about 4, Su's poems, which are broad in content and diverse in style, but mainly bold and unconstrained, with varied brushwork and romantic colors, which has opened up a new road for the development of Song poetry. Xie Zhou's "Original Poems" said: "The realm of Su Shi's poems is unprecedented in ancient and modern times, and all things in the world are inspired by the pen." Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua" said: "Taking the text as poetry, from Changli to Dongpo Yida, it was a spectacular sight for a generation. ..... especially those who can't reach it are born with a healthy pen, which is as cool as a sorrowful pear, and quickly cuts it together. There is a hidden meaning that must be reached, and there is no difficulty in showing it. Therefore, after Li and Du, it is a big family, and it is not as good as Li and Du Chu. "
There are more than 34 Su Shi's poems, which have broken through the narrow theme of writing about men's and women's love and parting, and have broad social content. Su Shi occupies a special position in the history of Chinese ci. He expanded the spirit of the poetry and prose innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty to the field of ci, swept away the traditional ci style since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, created a bold ci school that stood side by side with the graceful school, expanded the theme of ci, enriched the artistic conception of ci, broke through the boundaries of poetry and poetry, and made great contributions to the innovation and development of ci. His masterpieces include Nian Nu Jiao and Shui Diao Ge Tou, which set a precedent for the school of bold and unconstrained ci, and he was also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji. Liu Chenweng's Preface to Xinjiaxuan said: "The word reaches Dongpo, which is open and aboveboard, like poetry, like prose, like wonders of heaven and earth."
Su Shi is also good at calligraphy and regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. He had studied famous artists in Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and he became his own family thanks to Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi. Ziyun: "I couldn't have made a book"; There is another cloud: "Be innovative and not practice the ancients." Huang Tingjian said that he: "In his early years, his pen was refined, and he was not as natural as the boss"; Another cloud said, "When we get to Huangzhou, the pen is very powerful." In his later years, he was influenced by overseas winds and waves. In addition, his knowledge, mind and knowledge were outstanding everywhere, and his life was full of ups and downs. His calligraphy style was rich and innocent, and you can imagine him as a person by looking at his calligraphy. People and books respected each other. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews were taught by you, Mai and Guo, and friends Wang Dingguo and Zhao Lingzhi all learned from him. Later, historical celebrities such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan and Zhang Zhidong in Qing Dynasty also learned from him, which shows the great influence. Huang Tingjian said in "Valley Collection": "Those who are good at books in this dynasty should put (Su) first."
in painting, Su Shi draws ink and bamboo, learning from literature (that is, literature and can), which is more concise than literature and has the potential to dance. Mi Fei said that he "made ink bamboo, from the ground up to the top. I asked: Why not divide it section by section? Say: When bamboo is born, why is it born one by one? " He is also good at making ancient trees and strange stones. Mi Fei also said: "Make branches of dead trees, and bend them for no reason; The stone is hard, and it is strange and unreasonable, such as the depression in his chest. " It can be seen that his paintings are very strange and want to send them far away. His theory of painting and calligraphy has outstanding ideas, and his theory of painting has a far-reaching influence. For example, attaching importance to the likeness of spirit, advocating the feeling outside painting, the painting should have sustenance, opposing the similarity of form and the restriction of program, advocating "the uniformity of poetry and painting, artistry and freshness", and clearly putting forward the concept of "scholar painting", which laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". The surviving books include Huangzhou Cold Food Poem, Chibi Fu, Thank you for your teacher's paper, and several essays in sacrifice to Huang. The surviving paintings are "ancient wood and strange stones"; The "Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Scroll" discovered in recent years is also his work.
Su Shi achieved great success in poetry, prose, ci, calligraphy, painting, etc. in the Song Dynasty. He is a rare literary and artistic genius in the history of China.
Chronology of Su Shi's life
The first year of Renzong Tiansheng in the Northern Song Dynasty-the eighth year of Jiayou (123-164)
Su Shi was born in 136
married Wang Fu in p>154
was a scholar in p>157; Mother's funeral; Filial piety (157.4-159.6)
159 family went to Kyoto
161 Judge Ren Fengxiang
The first year of Yingzong Zhiping-four years (164-168)
164 worked in the history museum
165 lost his wife
166. Filial piety (April, 166-July, 268)
The first year of Shenzong Xining-the eighth year of Yuanfeng (168-186)
Married Wang Runzhi in 168 and returned to Beijing in p>169; Work in the history museum
171 and report to the supervisor; Hangzhou was sentenced to
174 as the prefect of Mizhou
176 as the prefect of Xuzhou
179 as the prefect of Huzhou; Imprisoned
18, exiled to Huangzhou
184, went to Changzhou
185 and went to Deng.