After the mid-Eastern Han Dynasty, prose poetry gradually declined, and lyric poetry began to rise. This development and change process of Han Fu is closely related to the change of social conditions in Han Dynasty.
First, the representative figures and works of the first stage (Sao Style Fu)
1, Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan (about 340-278 BC) was a poet and politician of Chu State during the Warring States Period in China. Born in Zigui, Danyang, Chu (now Yichang, Hubei). Mi surname, Qu family, human, the word is native; Since the cloud name is regular, the spirit word is even. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son Qu Xian's descendants.
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China, the founder of China's romantic literature, the founder and representative writer of Songs of the South, who initiated the tradition of "vanilla beauty" and was praised as "the ancestor of Ci Fu" and "the ancestor of China's poetry".
The appearance of Qu Yuan's works indicates that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality. His main works are Li Sao, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters and Tian Wen.
2. Song Yu
Song Yu, Zi Ziyuan (about 298 BC-about 222 BC), a native of the Warring States (now Yicheng, Xiangyang, Hubei), was born after Qu Yuan, a disciple of Qu Yuan, and once served as Xiangqing, the king of Chu.
He left Chu because of the contradiction between father and son. He was a poet at the end of the Warring States Period. He loved words all his life. He knows music and is good at writing articles. He is a great poet of the same age as Le Tang and Jing Ke after Qu Yuan.
There are many ci poems, among which Nine Arguments, Feng Fu, Gao, Lothario Fu and Goddess Fu are the most popular. The idioms "Xialiba people", "Yangchun Baixue", "Qugao and Widow" and "Song Yudong accent" all come from him.
3. Nine Songs
"Nine Songs" is the title of Chu Ci, which was originally the name of an ancient song in China myths and legends. Qu Yuan, a Chu native in the Warring States Period, adapted from the folk songs of offering sacrifices to gods in Chu, and created a large number of images of gods in his poems, most of which were in love with songs.
Nine songs * * * Eleven articles: Emperor Taiyi, Prince in the Cloud, Lady Xiang, Little Thinking, Hebo, National Mourning, Ritual Soul.
The chapter mostly describes the attachment between God and God, showing the deep sadness of missing or wanting nothing. The article "National Mourning" is to mourn and celebrate the soldiers who died for Chu.
Wang Yi believes that Qu Yuan did it when he was exiled to Jiangnan. At that time, Qu Yuan was "worried about his country and people", so he created music and songs to worship the gods to express his thoughts and feelings. However, most modern researchers believe that it was made before exile, only for sacrificial purposes.
4. Li Sao
Lisao is a poem written by Qu Yuan, a poet in China during the Warring States Period, and it is also the longest lyric poem in ancient China. This poem centers on the poet's life experience, experience and mental journey.
The first half repeatedly devoted the poet's concern for the fate of Chu and people's life, expressing his desire to reform politics and his will to stick to his ideals and never compromise with evil forces even in times of disaster.
The second half reflects the poet's thoughts and feelings of patriotism and love for the people after wandering in heaven, pursuing the realization of ideals and dying after failure.
The whole poem uses the metaphor of beauty and vanilla, a lot of myths and legends and rich imagination, forming a gorgeous literary talent and magnificent structure, showing a positive romantic spirit, and creating a "Sao style" poetry form in the history of China literature, which has a far-reaching impact on later generations.
Its main annotations are Wang Yi's Chapters and Sentences of Chu Ci in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhu's Notes on Chu Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty and Dai Zhen's Notes on Qu Yuan in the Qing Dynasty.
Second, the representative figures and works of the second stage (three-body Dafu)
1, Meicheng
Mei cheng (? ~ BC 140), Zi Shu, a lyricist in the Western Han Dynasty. Han nationality, a native of Huaiyin (now Huaiyin District, Huai 'an City, Jiangsu Province), was originally a doctor in Liu Ying, Wu Wang. Mei was famous for remonstrating with the King of Wu twice before and after the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion, and later worshipped under Liang Xiaowang's account. Emperor Han Jing appointed Mei as the captain of Hongnong.
Meicheng's main literary achievement is Ci Fu, and Nine Poems of Meicheng Fu are recorded in Hanshu.
2. Sima Xiangru
Sima Xiangru (about BC 179-BC1kloc-0/8) was born in Chengdu, Shu County. His ancestral home was Zuo Fengyi and xia yang (now south of Hancheng, Shaanxi Province), and he once lived in Pengzhou (now Peng 'an, Sichuan Province). He was an outstanding representative of China's culture, history and literary history. There are obvious Taoist thoughts and immortal colors.
When Jingdi is a martial artist, he is free from illness. Gong Ci Fu, the representative work is Zi Xufu. His works are rich in rhetoric and grand in structure. He is a representative writer of Han Fu, and later he was called Fu Sheng and Ci Zong. The love story between him and Zhuo Wenjun is also widely circulated.
3. Zi Xufu
Zi Xu Fu was written by Sima Xiangru, a poet in Han Dynasty, when he was traveling in the beam in his early years, and it has a strong yellow family color. Zi Xu Fu was written by Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty when he was a guest. Its theme is directed at the Taoist thought of taking emptiness and tranquility as the king in this period, but Jingdi's bad ci and fu are not appreciated by him. However, it was later appreciated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
This poem describes the son of Chu State, Mr. Zi Xu, who went to Qi State. Zixu told Mr. Wu about going hunting with the King of Qi. The King of Qi asked about Chu, and tried his best to lay out the wealth of Chu, making Yunmeng just a small corner of the garden behind him. If you don't refuse to accept it, you will be arrogant and arrogant with the famous mountains of Qi and the different parties.
Its main significance is that through this exaggerated description, it shows the powerful momentum and majestic charm of the Han Dynasty. This poem is magnificent, rich in words, beautiful in description and alternating in phonology, which marks the complete maturity of Han Da Fu. It is a companion piece of Shang Lin Fu, both of which are officially established landmark works in Han Dynasty literature.
4. "Erjing Fu"
Erjing Fu is a ci fu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it is Zhang Heng's masterpiece. Erjing Fu includes Xijing Fu and Tokyo Fu. Erjing refers to Xijing Chang 'an in Han Dynasty and Luoyang in Tokyo. Erjing Fu is regarded by most people as the masterpiece of Han Fu because of its rigorous and precise structure.
Third, the representative figures and works of the third stage (Fu Xiao)
1, Zhao Yi
Zhao Yi (whose real name is Yi, because the Book of the Later Han Dynasty was written in the Jin Dynasty, avoiding Sima Yi's anonymity and calling himself "Yi") was named Zhao. Zi Shu was born in Xixian County, Hanyang County (now southwest of Tianshui City, Gansu Province). He lived in the period of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, that is, from 168 to 189. His deeds are recorded in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Biography of Wen Yuan.
Writers of ci and fu in eastern han dynasty. He is tall, handsome and arrogant. Huan, the spirit of the world, repeatedly committed, almost died. A friend was saved, so he wrote "Poor Bird Fu" to thank his friends for their help. He also wrote The Death of Fu Xie to express his anger. He wrote 16 poems, songs, praises, books, essays and so on in his life. There are five today.
2. Cai Yong
Cai Yong (y not ng) (133-192), the word uncle. Chen is a native of Pixian County (now south of Qixian County, Henan Province). The father of Cai Wenji, a famous writer and calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Cai Yong refused to be drafted by the imperial court in his early years, and was later requisitioned as Stuart's family. Ren Pingchang, Langzhong and Yilang participated in the continuation of the History of the East View of Hanshu and the engraving of Xiping Stone Classics. Later, he was exiled to Shuofang for crimes, and after many twists and turns, he took refuge in Jiangnan 12 years.
Dong Zhuo came to power and called Cai Yong as a drink offering. Within three days, he successively served as an imperial adviser, calligrapher, minister of history, assistant minister and viceroy, and was named the township head of Levin, known as "Cai Zhonglang" in history. After Dong Zhuo was killed, Cai Yong was imprisoned for sighing in Wang Yun's seat, and soon died in prison at the age of 60.
Cai Yong was proficient in temperament and brilliant, and studied under the famous scholar Hu Guang. Besides studying Confucian classics and being good at ci fu, he is also good at calligraphy, seal cutting and official script, especially official script. He has the deepest attainments and has the evaluation of "Cai Yong's calligraphy is profound, refreshing and powerful".
"Feibai" calligraphy style has a great influence on later generations. Comment on Zhang Huaiguan's Narration and Cai Yong's Bofei Book in Tang Dynasty: "Wonderful". He collected more than 10,000 volumes in his life, and there are still 4,000 volumes in his later years. Twenty volumes of collected works were lost earlier. Zhang Yan of Aming Dynasty compiled the Collected Works of Cai Zhonglang, and his works were also included in the later Chinese Complete Collection.
3. Fukuda
Return to Talent is one of the representative works of Zhang Heng, a poet in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It vividly depicts the harmonious, cheerful, agile and clear scenery of the pastoral mountains and forests, embodies the author's leisurely mood in the mountains and forests, and also contains a sense of self-restraint and expresses the transcendental spirit of the author's Taoist thought.
Guitianfu is the first parallel prose fu in China with simple and beautiful sentences and short and flexible structure, and it is also a good one that has been told by people for thousands of years.
It is a short and clear lyric poem with a unique artistic style. It turns the rules and regulations of prose in Han Fu into a style with simple and beautiful sentences, short and flexible structure, natural and fresh language, beautiful washing and training, sincere feelings and mixed scenes, which is a rare masterpiece.
4. "Stabbing the World with Illness"
Fu of Stabbing the World with Illness is the representative work of Zhao Yi, a writer in Han Dynasty. This fu is a work that satirizes unreasonable things and hates evil forces in society.
In more than 400 words, the extremely corrupt political situation in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty was vividly described, from licking hemorrhoids to flattering, to the powerful ruling eunuch, and then to the fatuous emperor.
It expresses the precious spirit that the author never wants to collude with evil forces to seek personal prosperity. Quanfu is written with strong feelings, sharp language, great momentum and superb satirical art.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Hanfu