Appreciate the calligraphy of orthographic running script 1
Orthographic calligraphy ii
Orthographic Calligraphy and the Composition of Three-line Calligraphy
First, the concept. What's the ingredient? Layout? Also known as? Cloth white? . Specifically, it is a method of rational distribution and ingenious arrangement of stippling, word-for-word, line-for-line according to certain calligraphy art rules and rules. In short, it is the black-and-white distribution between points and graphs and between lines. Qing? Liu Zhaozai said in the Outline of Fine Arts:? The rules of a book are big and small. As small as a word and a number, as large as a few lines and a few pictures, this statement has a wonderful effect of avoiding the heavy and being ready. ? My understanding is that the structural arrangement of stippling is generally called small composition, and the overall layout of word lines is called large composition. When we watch calligraphy works, we first appreciate the overall layout of the works, and then we will carefully taste the beauty of calligraphy and composition. Qing? Kang Youwei said in Guang Yi Zhou Shuang Ji: Huang Xiaozhong tells stories mainly by following the rules. He stands still, regardless of the clumsiness of his painting? . That is to say, the artistry of calligraphy has finally passed? Composition? Reflect. What about Ming? Dong Qichang said in "Essays on Painting Zen Rooms":? The ancients discussed books, taking composition as a major event, and so did the so-called thick lines. I saw that Mi Chi was writing in small letters, and the Collection of West Yayuan was ten thousand fans, as straight as a string. There is no other way but to pay attention to the rules and regulations on weekdays. ?
The beauty of composition of calligraphy works is mainly manifested in two aspects: first, its internal factors, namely brushwork, calligraphy and brushwork. Cloth and white are separated and so on. ; The second is the external form, that is, the overall form and decoration. Inner beauty embodies the essence of calligraphy art and contains rich artistic connotation. Such as charm, scene, characters, spirit, artistic conception, structure, rhythm, brushwork, density, release, reality, avoidance and so on. External beauty is mainly reflected in the sense of form, overall layout and decoration of various forms and shapes. Therefore, the organic combination of internal and external factors is the basic condition for the formation of calligraphy rules.
Second, the basic layout format. There are three common formats for the layout of calligraphy works:
1, with rows vertically and columns horizontally. This is a form of white cloth, which occupies an average space and has even spacing between rows. It is characterized by rows, neatness and symmetry, and fair change. 2. Wired vertically, but not horizontally. This is a kind of white cloth that lies vertically and horizontally. Its characteristics are symmetrical row spacing, non-relative horizontal characters, smooth circulation and left-right echo. 3. There are no rows in the vertical direction and no columns in the horizontal direction. This is a form of white cloth criss-crossing and littering on the street. It is characterized by alternating size, which means writing first, ups and downs, situational shaping, up and down, left and right harmony, and virtual reality.
Third, the common modeling of the article. Is that a shape? Amplitude, also called? Style? Is the external format style of calligraphy works. In the long historical development and practice, China's calligraphy has gradually accumulated a variety of traditional calligraphy styles and layout methods. To sum up, its shapes and patterns are mainly banner, vertical, Fiona Fang and mixed.
1, banner style: including horizontal shawl, plaque, long scroll, etc. ① Cross-string: Also known as banner, it is a horizontal bar and a horizontally long square, and the number of words is suitable for all sizes. The traditional sequential format is from right to left, sometimes from left to right. Leave heaven and earth left and right, margins up and down, and short columns in the horizontal direction. 2 plaque: commonly known as? Horizontal plaque? , also called what? A plaque? Or? List book? . It is in the form of a horizontal rectangle. There are fewer words, which are mostly used in ancient temples, pavilions, gardens and halls. Most of the ancients wrote from right to left, and today some people write from left to right. 3 long scrolls: also known as? Handroll? , is a kind of calligraphy modeling, characterized by horizontal flat and rollable. It can be extended arbitrarily according to the needs of the content, and the length can reach several meters, dozens of meters or even longer. Both paper and silk will do. Its function is not to fill the wall, but to display and collect, which can be rolled up, easy to carry, elegant and emotional. The traditional format is from right to left, and the writing is long, so the gestures with the pen need to be consistent and end to end.
2. Erection type: including palm, vertical shaft, screen bar, couplet, etc. ① Central Temple: Also known as? Full axis? Or? Full width? For the whole single style. It is named because it hangs in the middle of the hall. You can write as many words as you want. Most of them are few words. For example, one or two auspicious words in the book can show the grandeur of the hall, with symmetrical pictures on both sides. ② Vertical axis: Also called? Stand up? 、? Straight amplitude? Or? Banner? And because people used to hang on the gables at both ends of the old house, there is a name? Tiaoshan? . This body is a single vertical rectangle, and its contents are mostly quatrains and metrical poems. (3) Screen bar: a format type composed of multiple rectangular banners. The number of sieve strips is even, usually four, which is called? Four screens? . Many can be combined as needed, such as? Six screens? ,? Eight screens? 、? Ten screens? Wait a minute. The content can be multiple independent chapters or the whole article. 4 couplets: also known as? Couplets? 、? Pairs? ,? Dialogue? Wait a minute. Because of its different hanging and engraved seats, its name is also different. Its traditional form is up and down relative, upper right and lower left. The content is a couplet with clear pronunciation and mellow voice. Couplets are long and short, three characters, five characters, seven characters and so on. The number of words directly affects the style of couplets, such as? Door, right? 、? Jane, right? .
3. Fiona Fang style: including bucket square, round fan, round fan, folding fan and special-shaped fan.
4. Mixed type: including albums, brands, etc.
Fourth, the inscription is common sense. A complete calligraphy work usually consists of three parts: text, postscript and seal. The inscription is also called? Sign a contract? Title. It is not only the continuation or supplement of the text, but also an important part of beauty. The seal is not only an integral part of the rules, but also a letter from the calligrapher. Therefore, inscriptions and seals are very important links in the layout of calligraphy and painting creation.
1. What is the inscription? Single segment? 、? Double? 、? Long money? 、? Lack of money? Points. There are also? The previous paragraph? 、? Next paragraph? 、? Single payment? (Poor money) What else? Two-way payment The difference between (money). 1 single segment: also known as? Next paragraph? , after the text. The short is single, and the old is double or several. ② Two modes: integration? The previous paragraph? 、? Next paragraph? . Usually the previous paragraph comes before the text and the next paragraph comes after the text. However, the previous paragraph also falls behind the text and before the next paragraph. (3) Long-term payment: If there are many words or the layout of rules and regulations requires, you can pay for a long time. 4 short paragraphs: if there are few words or a small space in the blank, you can write short paragraphs, even only the font size of the book? Poor money? Or the name of one party.
2, stylistic content: ① Single paragraph content: generally including writing time, title, writing place, etc. ② Two paragraphs: the addressee, the title of the text, the source and the author. The next paragraph is the same as the single paragraph.
3. Stylistic language: ① The preceding paragraph: the title of an elder, elder or respected person; (omitted) After the title, different modest words should be written according to seniority (omitted). ② Next paragraph: Traditionally, the time is based on the lunar calendar. Place names and Zhai numbers are often used as elegant names.
4. The font of money. What is the traditional principle? What is the ancient style today? 、? Live from Zheng Wen? . The ancient style is the present style, that is, the written style is earlier than (or equal to) the written style in the evolution history of the text. If the text is official script, there is no need to sign the seal script early; The text is in block letters, so you don't need to sign the official script early. There are two meanings: first, if the text is neat, the font of the paragraph should be flexible. If the text is seal script, it should be signed in block letters; If the text is open, it will be signed by the line. Second, if the layout of the text is straight, it must be flexible. There are two types of combination of traditional writing style and calligraphy: one is seeking common ground while reserving differences. (1) Seeking common ground is the same style, seeking only changes in size and layout, and taking the beauty of unity and harmony. (2) The existence of different types means that the styles of characters are inconsistent, and the changes of font temperament make different tastes varied. The lines and grass are lively and suitable for all kinds of books. The style of writing is different, static and dynamic, full of changes. Regardless? Seeking common ground? Or? Saving aliens? Paragraphs should be moderate in size, usually smaller than the body. The size, layout and change of font are related to the overall situation of composition. Therefore, from ancient times to the present, people who are good at writing have worked hard and thought carefully.
5, sealed type. Stamping is the last important link in calligraphy creation. The seal plays a role in balancing, setting off, decorating and setting off the whole calligraphy work, and has a refreshing and eye-catching effect. Its position, size and quantity in calligraphy works are the key to perfection. The small seal is full of weather, and its sense of form and bright colors between square inches make the work more vivid and icing on the cake. Therefore, a good seal is not only a special supplement to words and signatures. At the same time, it also adds an essential content for calligraphy appreciation. Seals are mainly divided into two categories, namely? Seal? And then what? Leisure articles? . What are the concavities and convexities of printed lines? Yin Wen? 、? Yang Wen? Points; What about the color of the seal? Bai Wen? 、? Zhu Wen? The difference. ? Bai Wen? Also called? Yin Wen? The seal is concave, with white characters on the red background and heavy color; Zhu Wen also said that? Yang Wen? The printed text is convex, and the cover is printed with red on a white background, with light color and light quantity.
(1) seal is the seal of the seal writer's name, font size, Zhai number, native place, etc. Its shape is usually square. Among them, the name can be engraved on the same seal, and the surname and first name can be engraved as one Zhu and one Bai. The name seal should be solemn, rigorous, elegant and generous. (2) Leisure chapter refers to the words expressing feelings and the seals of aphorisms, aphorisms, aphorisms, poems, auspicious words and other contents. Leisure articles mainly play the role of decorative foil, embellishment and beautification, and balanced echo. Mainly divided into three categories, one is to introduce the first chapter; The second is the corner seal (corner seal); The third is the special-shaped chapter. The introduction chapter is usually rectangular, round and so on. And it is often in the gap between the first word and the second word on the right side of the first line of the text, which has a cohesive, echoing and eye-catching decorative effect. Corner seals are mostly square and oblate. And often placed in the lower right corner or slightly higher space in the lower left corner of the work to avoid being flush with the body, which has a balanced and stable effect. Special-shaped seal is a decorative image seal. Its shapes are diverse and vivid, such as gourd seal, crescent seal, Bai Zhu Yuanyang seal, flat peach seal, zodiac seal, etc., which have the functions of filling white space, decoration and beautification.
6. Use the seal regularly. The function of seal in calligraphy composition naturally forms the traditional rules of using seal. The position and size of various seals can be found. If the seal is usually inscribed on the lower or left side of the author's signature, one side can be used generally, and when two sides need to be inscribed, one Zhu and one white can be used. The size of the seal should be coordinated with the title, generally slightly smaller than the word. The usage of leisure chapters is flexible and can be changed within a certain range according to the needs of chapter layout and artistic principles. If the reference is the first chapter, it can be distributed at the beginning (upper right corner) of the text to play the role of an introduction; Special-shaped chapter is more flexible and changeable, and can be distributed according to needs. Of course, usually, a work should not be printed too much, otherwise it will usurp the host's role. What are the traditions? Can't print three copies? Say, anything else? Use one without two, use three without four? The theory of covering odd numbers. It can be seen that seals should be few and fine, right? Turn stone into gold? That's great. This is the accumulation and summary of calligraphers' experience in past dynasties, and it is the basic principle that all of us must follow when using seals.
Fifth, the art of calligraphy is expressive and expressive. It has both image beauty and image beauty. Therefore, the way of calligraphy is the unity of heart and hand, and both heart and hand are smooth. The beauty of art lies in form and spirit, which comes from form, and form lies in composition. ? Eight methods of eternal words? There are both brushwork and calligraphy. Cloth characters are mainly stippling; Plot, text, paragraph and seal are the elements. A complete calligraphy work is a perfect combination of these three artistic elements, which can reflect the beauty of the overall composition and produce the beauty of calligraphy art. Therefore, on the basis of learning from predecessors, inheriting traditions and absorbing the essence, we should be brave in innovation.
As far as the form of composition is concerned, calligraphy art has its basic composition, but its artistic appearance and aesthetic orientation are ever-changing and colorful because of people's feelings. Clever changes, rich and wonderful lines, calligraphers with different talents have their own postures and styles. Therefore, the law is universal, and the form and spirit are different. Therefore, while mastering the basic rules of composition, we can't stick to tradition completely. As long as you have temperament, be brave in innovation and use rules flexibly, it is the real purpose.
Chapter is a method of overall management, an important artistic factor in calligraphy art, and its position in calligraphy art creation is irreplaceable by any means. So-called? Layout planning? That's what it means. This composition is very expressive. The expression of any individual thing is a composition except dotted strokes and knots. Although the composition is personalized, it also has the law of * * *. Calligraphers can use rules to publicize his personality and express his interests. The Preface to Lanting is simple in composition and complicated in words, which shows the simplicity of entering the scholar-bureaucrat and the elegance of Rhonda after drinking a little, forgetting myself and being content. However, the beginning of Lu Gong's "Sacrificing My Nephew" is sparse and solemn. It can be seen that the author was rational at the beginning, but he was careless in the middle and late period, regardless of pen and ink, and the words were hand-painted. Every time I look at it, I feel sad and angry, which is also the realm of forgetting things. And both of them seem to be nothing to writers. But this is the result of the calligrapher's long-term familiarity with many aesthetic factors of calligraphy art. The calligrapher's mastery and even transformation of composition has reached the highest level of his will, but whatever the highest level is, it is the most beautiful. But for beginners, we should think about the rules and regulations carefully.