Question 1: What was the main carrier of official script in the Western Han Dynasty? The main carrier of writing in the Western Han Dynasty should still be wooden slips or bamboo slips, with advanced people using cloth and paper. At that time, people called the people in charge of litigation documents as swordsmen and pen officials. It can be seen that most office work at that time still used Jane as the carrier of writing
Question 2: The evolution of Chinese characters and the main writing carrier of ancient inscriptions and official script. The process of Chinese characters After thousands of years of changes and development, the evolution process is: oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, large seal script, small seal script, official script, regular script, cursive script and running script.
The evolution of Chinese characters can be briefly summarized into five stages: sound, shape, image, number, and reason.
The main writing carriers can be summarized as follows:
Oracle bone inscriptions:
The earliest characters discovered in my country are inscribed on turtle shells and cow shoulder blades. Therefore, it is called oracle bone inscriptions. The content involves many aspects such as politics, economy, military, climate, customs, etc., and is an important material for studying the history of that time. About 140,000 pieces of oracle bone inscriptions have been unearthed, with a total of about 4,500 single characters, and about 1,700 characters can be recognized. The oracle bone inscriptions are The ancestor of Chinese characters dates back about 3,000 years, and the written history of our country began at that time.
Bronze inscriptions:
Bronze inscriptions refer to the inscriptions cast on bronzes of the Yin and Zhou dynasties, also called bell and tripod inscriptions. China had entered the Bronze Age in the Xia Dynasty, and the technology of copper smelting and copperware manufacturing was very developed. Because copper was also called gold in the Zhou Dynasty, the inscriptions on the bronzes were called "jinwen" or "jinjinwen"; and because this type of bronze had the largest number of characters on bells and tripods, they were also called "zhongdingwen" in the past. ". The application of bronze inscriptions dates from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the end of the Qin Dynasty when the Six Kingdoms were destroyed, about 800 years ago.
Official script:
Official script is a simple way of writing Xiaozhuan. It was first popular among the lower class people in the Qin Dynasty. It is said that Cheng Miao compiled it into a new font in prison. The writing carrier is on bamboo slips. Later, paper was invented after the Han Dynasty, and most words were written on paper.
Question 3: The evolution of Chinese characters and the main writing carriers of oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, and official script. 1 Chinese characters are the most basic unit of Chinese writing. Its use began in the Shang Dynasty at the latest and has gone through oracle bone inscriptions, large seal script, and small seal script. , official script, regular script (cursive script, running script) and other changes in calligraphy styles. 2. All solid-colored livestock sacrificed for sacrifices; livestock for oaths and banquets; "Silk", "bamboo", stringed instruments and wind instruments (Xiao, flute, etc.) 3. Imperial College The highest educational management institution in China's feudal era. In some dynasties, it was also the highest institution of higher learning. It established a priestly wine minister to take charge of the Imperial College. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the supervisor was called a person who studied in the Imperial College or obtained the qualifications to study in the Imperial College. : Bamboo pole used as a horse for children to ride on. A close friend since childhood. 5 The honorific title given by your Majesty’s subjects to the monarch; “Qing”, “Ai Qing”, the affectionate title given by the king to his ministers; a written order issued by the emperor. ; Edicts and orders from emperors; decrees from the emperor to inform his ministers; orders or remarks issued by the emperor, as documents and orders issued by emperors of the past dynasties, and edicts or edicts issued to meritorious officials or bestowed with titles. ; Imperial edicts are orders and notices issued by emperors in ancient times in the form of edicts. Select B C E
Question 4: The development history of official script Those who write official script are also successful in seal script. This is the classic description of the body of official script and the background of its production in Wei Heng's "Four Body Scripts" in the Western Jin Dynasty. In fact, the seal script refers to a new relatively independent font that was formed after structural and writing changes (official changes) in the seal script font system during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and after a long process of "official changes". In other words, official script was derived from seal script through "official changes". Libian was a major calligraphy cultural event in the history of Chinese calligraphy. The internal reason for the change of affiliation was to adapt to the requirements of the social development at that time for the use of writing.
At that time, people called the people who were in charge of litigation documents called Daobi Li. It can be seen that most office work at that time still used Jane as the carrier of writing
Question 6: Which came first, the official script or the Han bamboo slips and the Qin bamboo slips, and then the grass official script , Han Jian is just a carrier.
Question 7: Why was the official script used uniformly in the Western Han Dynasty? The development of calligraphy in the Han Dynasty went through several periods. At first, the Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system and used seal script for the first time. Later, seal script showed a trend of decline and official script flourished. It developed and entered its heyday in the Eastern Han Dynasty; cursive script (Zhangcao) developed into a relatively mature font in the Han Dynasty; regular script and running script also began to sprout.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, especially in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, official script developed to a highly mature stage. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty implemented thick burials, a large number of inscriptions were built to praise virtues, and the official script, which became the official style, fully demonstrated the brilliance of art in the stone inscriptions. Therefore, Chen Bin, a recent scholar, said: "Since the Qin Dynasty, official script has mostly used square pens. By the end of the Early Han Dynasty, it became slightly oblique, and even more so by the Later Han Dynasty. At the same time, the pen and dots and strokes became more and more clever. In addition, the dots and strokes of the official script of the Early Han Dynasty are like children's The use of the pen gradually improved, and the pen was held upright, starting, stopping, and wavering. It could also be used to protrude, stroke, press, or float against the pen. Therefore, the changes in the use of the pen were almost advanced in the later Han Dynasty. Extremely top. "Han Li is widely used and famous.
Question 8: How to practice calligraphy (official script "Zhang Qian Monument") Your teacher's calligraphy can be seen to have some skills, but there are two points of deliberateness in copying. First, the characters in official script are flat, long horizontally and short vertically. This is the most basic characteristic of official script, and it is also one of the easiest ways for people to distinguish calligraphy styles nowadays. Because the official script was originally written on bamboo slips, it evolved to save space. However, due to the layout needs of Zhang Qian's stele, the calligrapher emphasized its shape without losing its rhyme. However, your teacher took the shape as the first priority when writing the stele. This is It is too deliberate and loses the style of official script; secondly, those who copy the inscriptions will deliberately use their pens to cause stone axes to penetrate. The aged and weathered look of the inscriptions is different from the fonts on ordinary paper. Some people even think that those who write like the inscriptions are genuine. Experts, others are laymen, I don’t think so, because the sense of inscriptions is not the calligraphy attainments of the ancients, it is entirely a matter of carrier. Such deliberateness is completely unnecessary. Your teacher is too deliberate when he closes the pen when writing, and does not care when he starts writing. These... lead to unbalanced fonts...
As for you, practicing calligraphy actually has nothing to do with who you practice. Calligraphy cannot be taught. You will naturally gain insights by reading and reviewing posts, comparing and comprehending them. What has been achieved...
Question 9: How to learn official script well? The first question for beginners to learn official calligraphy is how to get started? Where to start? Which inscription to choose? What issues should we pay attention to when studying inscriptions? In short, on what track should the study of official script develop? Toward what direction? This requires careful thinking and choice. Learning calligraphy should pay attention to learning methods, but there are no shortcuts. It is impossible and unrealistic to try to get it right in one step without putting in hard work, and it is also unrealistic. Rushing for quick success will be self-defeating and even go astray. The prerequisite for learning official script well is to have a serious attitude and the spirit of hard study, otherwise it is just empty talk. Of course, this does not mean that we do not pay attention to learning methods and steps, nor does it mean that we do not pay attention to learning effects. Based on the long-term accumulated learning experience of predecessors and the general rules of learning calligraphy, it is also crucial to choose the correct path and scientific and effective method of learning official script. From the shallower to the deeper, step by step, and develop along the correct learning track, you will receive good learning results and avoid detours and deviations.