Ticket price for the southern sect of the Kong family: Ticket price: 15 yuan
The southern sect of the Kong family: Confucius’ regular wooden statues in the Kong’s family temple, Confucius’ regular wood statues in Silu Pavilion, Confucius’ Qiao dance
< p>The Quzhou Confucius Temple located in western Zhejiang is one of the two Confucius family temples in the country, along with the Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong. It has always been known as the "Holy Land of the Southern Sect". At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin soldiers invaded the south. The direct line of the Kong family, led by Kong Duanyou, the 48th generation grandson of Confucius, moved to Qu and established a family temple here. Since then, there have been many descendants, and Quzhou has become the second hometown of the Kong family.·Quzhou Confucius Family Temple·
Quzhou Confucius Family Temple is located on Xinqiao Street in the city. It is one of the only two Confucius Family Temples in the country. The Confucius Temple is a place dedicated to the founder of Confucianism, a thinker and an educator in the past dynasties of our country. Following Song Gaozong Zhao Gou Nanpo, he established the Confucius family temple in Quzhou. Yu Sun, a descendant of Confucius, spent more than 800 spring and autumn years in Quzhou. As the second hometown of the descendants of Confucius, Quzhou has always been known as the "Yinli of the Southeast" and the "Holy Land of the South".
The Confucius Family Temple in Quzhou was built in the third year of Baoyou in the Song Dynasty. Since then, it has been repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt, and its location has been changed three times, but all of them were built after the pattern of the Qufu Family Temple. The existing Confucius Temple was built in the 15th year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty and covers an area of ??11 acres. After that, it was repaired many times during the Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and Daoguang years of the Qing Dynasty. During the Anti-Japanese War, the palace of the Japanese invaders was converted into a stable, causing serious damage to the family temple. During the Cultural Revolution, many precious inscriptions and wood carvings were destroyed, and the Confucius Temple suffered another disaster. After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the municipal government and the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau attached great importance to the restoration of the Confucius Family Temple. Since 1985, they have successively allocated funds to repair the remaining ancient buildings, with a total cost of 520,000 yuan. At present, the central axis of the family temple and the Silu Pavilion and other buildings have been renovated and were officially opened to the public on New Year's Eve in 1989 to receive audiences at home and abroad.
The Kong family temple at No. 46 Xinqiao Street in Quzhou City has a simple sugar-topped building as its gate. Set against the surrounding walls of the Stone Xumizuo, it looks majestic and solemn. Above the temple door hangs a plaque with the words "Quzhou Confucius Family Temple" inscribed by the famous contemporary calligrapher Sha Menghai. The font is vigorous and powerful. A pair of stone lions on both sides of the main entrance show the dignity of the holy place. It is understood that the temple gate was redesigned based on the Kong family temple in Quzhou in the Ming Dynasty and combined with the architectural style of the Qing Dynasty. A 170-square-meter beautiful platform entirely paved with bluestone. Next to the Renfangyang Steps, this is a calendar specially used to pay homage to ancestors in the past dynasties. After climbing the 5 steps to the Suiguo Qiaotai, you will arrive at the tallest building in the temple. This is a building with a heavy coffin on the top of the mountain. , the palaces and pavilions are majestic and extraordinary. The original forehead of "Dacheng Hall" is hung on the gate of the witch stuffing, and the wish "Shengmin will come" is hung on the coffin, which is a pen for Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty. In the hall, there is an original inscription of "Teacher of All Times" written by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. Hanging above the main hall.
The main hall is 23 meters high, 9 meters long and 9 meters wide. There are 12 rice columns in the hall. Among them, the longest column has a circumference of 1.80 meters, and it is difficult to hold it with arms stretched out. To the west of the Success and Failure Column is Silu Pavilion, which is now the Confucius Family Temple. It displays the stele of the remains of the sage and the regular script of Confucius and his officials. Wooden statue. Although the restored Confucius Family Temple in Quzhou is far inferior to the scale of its heyday, this does not affect people's commemoration of Confucius, the great thinker and educator in ancient my country. It is not only a meaningful cultural landscape, but also has special historical value for people to understand and study the establishment, development and changes of the Southern Confucius Sect.
In front of the main hall of the Silu Pavilion of the Confucius Family Temple in Quzhou The regular wooden statues of Confucius and Jingguan's wife placed in the divine pet are the most precious ancestral treasures of the Confucius Mansion, and have been regarded as national treasures by all dynasties. According to legend, this pair of regular wooden statues were carved by Confucius's grandson Sheng Busi, and some say they were carved by Duanben Zigong, a disciple of Confucius. Although there are different opinions, judging from the carving style, there is no doubt that it is a cultural relic from before the Han Dynasty. Confucius had 3,000 disciples during his lifetime. After his death, his disciples mourned for ten years and guarded Confucius's grave for three years before reluctantly parting and saying goodbye. Only Zigong could not bear to leave, so he built a hut in front of Confucius' tomb and stayed there for three years. The statue of Kaimi was carved by Zigong and said: According to legend, during this period, he often recalled his teacher's words, deeds and appearance during his lifetime. He cut down the regular wood and copied it with his hands, and finally carved the statue of Confucius and Jin Guan's wife. This pair of regular wood statues is less than 2 feet tall. Confucius has a long oily robe and holds a court flute in his hand;
In the second year after the death of Confucius, Duke Ai of Lu established the house in front of his sons as a temple. At first, there were only "three oil houses". After the regular wood statues of Confucius and his wife were carved, they were enshrined here. The conditions were also It's very simple. According to folklore, Kong Duanyou, the Duke of Yansheng, led his family to the south with two ancestral statues on his back. When the boat arrived at Zhenjiang Pier, everyone was hungry and tired, so they went ashore to take a rest. At this time, the Jin soldiers suddenly attacked and saw that the Kaimu statue was about to be robbed by the Jin soldiers. When everyone was extremely anxious and helpless, a strong wind suddenly blew and a huge wave hit, overturning the ship. Seeing this, the combined soldiers thought that most of the people on board had been swept away by the huge waves, so they returned to their horses and retreated. Just when Kong Duanyou was in a hurry to order his family to salvage the Kaimu statue, he saw a Sanhe god on the river, walking on the clouds and hugging the Kaimu statue, approaching the shore. Kong Duanyou and his family immediately rushed forward, carefully carried the holy statue to the shore, and burned incense and prayed to the gods on the shore. At this time, the four-jointed hands of "Lu Fu Trance" appeared in the curl of cigarettes. It turned out that it was the mountain god in Confucius' hometown who saved the icon and saved it from being plundered by the whole world. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, Kong Duanyou and his family were granted residence in Quzhou by Emperor Gaozong. In order to thank the mountain gods in their hometown for their achievements, they built the "Keyang First Temple", or "Three Temples", in Quzhou.
In the third year of Emperor Lizong's reign in the Song Dynasty, the imperial court ordered the construction of the Confucius family temple in Quzhou. Because it was located south of the Yangtze River, it was called Nanzong (the Qufu family temple was called Beizong). Since then, the regular wooden statue has been preserved in Nanzong Confucius Temple for 27 generations and has been preserved for more than 860 years. The Nanlai Dynasty successively conferred titles on Kong Duanyou, Kong Zhen, Kong Mou, Kong Wenyuan, Jiuwanchun, Kong Mo and other six generations of Nanzong's eldest grandson, Prince He. After the unification of the Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty believed that the northern and southern sects of the Kong family should also be unified, and believed that the direct descendants were the descendants of Kong Duanyou, the Duke of Yansheng who lived in Quzhou, Jiangnan, so he wanted to make the southern Quzhou branch of the Kong family a major clan. , issued an edict to make the 6th grandson of Nanzong and Yanshenggong Jiumo (nian Enlu, the 53rd grandson of Confucius) go to the palace, and moved back to Qufu from Quzhou to settle down, and he was appointed as the commander. After Jiu Mo entered the capital under the imperial edict, he met with the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty and complained that his ancestors of the sixth generation had set up their tombs in Quzhou. There was a family temple in Quzhou and an old mother in the hall. He could not bear to abandon the temple foundation of his ancestors and go north. At the same time, he expressed his willingness to bring Yan Sheng Gong to the north. This title was given to Beizong's younger brother Kong Zhi, and he requested permission to return to Quzhou on the grounds that his mother was in Quzhou.
For this, Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty greatly appreciated this, saying that Kong Mo "would rather betray his honor than his relatives, which is the true sage." From then on, the Nanzong stopped hereditary inheritance of the title of Shenggong. In the eighth year of Hongzhi's reign in the Ming Dynasty, the magistrate of Quzhou wrote to Wuzong to confer a title on the Southern Sect of the Confucius family. He was granted the title of Confucius's 59th grandson, Jiuyan Shengli, a scholar of the Five Classics of the Hanlin Academy, and was hereditary to his descendants. It was not until J935 that the National Government abolished the nobility system and replaced it with the service of general officials. However, the regular wooden statues of Confucius and Jingguan's wife have always been treasured in the Confucius family temple in Quzhou, and they are still experiencing disasters one after another. Take the Confucius Family Temple as an example. Due to changes in dynasties or wars in history, it was relocated three times. Each time it was relocated, it was in danger of being robbed or destroyed; but in the end it was well protected. . Therefore, in the minds of the descendants of the Kong family, the regular wooden statue of Confucius is like the incarnation of Confucius, the supreme god with extremely high divine power and power.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese invaders captured Quzhou for the second time. The leader of the Japanese invaders who invaded Hengzhou heard that the Kong family temple in Quzhou contained regular wooden statues of Confucius and Jingguan’s wife, and attempted to rob this rare statue. treasure. The Nationalist Government at that time sent a telegram to the Zhejiang Provincial Government. Today, the Southern Sect's general officer Kong Fufu moved the statue to Longquan to protect it. Later, it was moved to the more remote Qingyuan Mountain area to prevent the holy statue from falling into the hands of the enemy. Kong Fengsheng tried his best to cover up the enemy's eyes and ears to ensure that there would be no accidents with the holy statue. He secretly interviewed skilled craftsmen to make a pair of fakes and took them to Longquan and Qingyuan, while hiding the real statue in the deep mountains of Quzhou. The invading Japanese army failed to capture the regular wooden statue of Confucius. They were very angry and set fire to the library of the Confucius Temple. The Rencheng Hall became the Japanese barracks, and Silu Pavilion became a horse enclosure for the locals. All the red painted pillars were bitten by horses. The tank will be damaged. More than 400 treasures in the temple were missing, and they were robbed by the Japanese invaders along with the clocks in the Quzhou Bell Tower. Quzhou Confucius Temple suffered another man-made disaster. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kaimu statue was again treasured in Silu Pavilion. At the same time, the counterfeit items are burned to prevent them from being confused with others in the future and making it difficult to distinguish the authenticity from the fake ones. In 1946, the Nationalist Government rebuilt the surviving buildings, held a ceremony to commemorate Confucius, and appointed Kong Yangkai, the 75th-generation eldest grandson who was only 8 years old, as the "General of Nanzong, the Most Holy Master of Humanity". After liberation. Kong Yangkai serves as the director of the Jinshiyu Mine in Hebei Province and a senior engineer of the Ministry of Metallurgy. At present, the last hereditary grandson of Confucius is the only one in the country who is the Nanzong Kong Xiangkai.
After spending more than 860 years in the Nanzong Family Temple, the regular wooden statues of Confucius and Jingguan’s wife were lent to the Confucius Family Temple in Qufu, the Northern Zong, during the National Day anniversary in 1960.
The regular wooden statues of Confucius and Jingguan’s wife in the Silu Pavilion shrine of the Confucius Family Temple in Hengzhou are replicas given by the Northern Sect.
·Silu Pavilion·
On the west side of the Rencheng Hall of Quzhou Confucius Temple, there is a building that does not exist in Qufu Confucius Temple, called "Enlu Pavilion". The establishment of Silu Pavilion in the Confucius Temple is unique in the country. "Silu" means that the descendants of the Confucius family of Nanzong will not forget their past. "Silu Pavilion" was carefully designed and built by the descendants of the Confucius family of Nanzong to express their longing for Qufu, Shandong and their families.
"Silu Pavilion" is an antique two-story building, which is now used as the exhibition room of Kong's family temple. In addition to the rare regular wooden statues of Confucius and Mrs. Qiao Guan stored in the pavilion, there is also the most valuable "treasure of the temple" in Nankong at present - the stele of the portraits of the late saints. This monument is a survivor of the turmoil. The front of the stele is engraved with "Portrait of the First Saint", which is a masterpiece by Wu Daozi, a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty. The original work was brought from Qufu by Kong Duanyou, the 48th generation grandson of Confucius, when he was traveling south, and was carved as a stone stele for Kong Duanyou. On the back of the stele is a schematic diagram of "Edict to build the Confucius Family Temple in Quzhou". The monument of the deceased saint is 2.07 meters high and o. 851 meters tall. There are 16 characters on the stele: "Virtue matches heaven and earth, Taoism is the best in ancient and modern times, the Six Classics are abbreviated, and the constitution will last forever." Confucius is as tall as a real person. He is "clothed and armed with a sword. He is gentle but sharp, powerful but not manly, respectful but peaceful." In order to help people understand Confucius intuitively, a new statue of Confucius was built in the Silu Pavilion. , for people to pay their respects.
·Jingkong Qiaowu·
In China’s long feudal society, Confucianism represented by Confucius’ thought has always occupied a dominant position. Therefore, all the official sacrifices to Confucius in the past dynasties were regarded as national celebrations. Since the Nanzong Confucius Temple has experienced successive wars in the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, the Confucius activities have never been carried out on a large scale. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that Yongzheng stopped paying homage to Confucius, and the activities of worshiping Confucius flourished. In the eighth year of Qianlong's reign, the Nanzong Confucius Temple officially held a touching ceremony to worship Confucius.
The Qiao Dance to Commemorate Confucius is an important dance performed in this grand ceremony to commemorate Confucius. As we all know, with the continuous improvement of Confucius' status, the prison ceremony became more and more grand and complex. In the second year of Emperor Yuanhe of the Han Dynasty, when he offered sacrifices to Confucius, he even wrote "The Joy of the Six Dynasties". It stipulates the music to be used when offering sacrifices to Confucius; when Emperor Wenxuan's envoy was imprisoned in the first year of Tianbao in Daoqi, the "three offerings" of sacrifices to Confucius were now prescribed; Qiao; Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty ruled Jiuhua, and the special six-year-old was changed to eight-year-old. Yi is a type of music and dance in ancient times, and Yi dance bureau is one of the classic music and dances.
Yi dance is a very popular human dance, with nearly a hundred performers. Among the 699, there are 36 music and dance students, 8 chorus members, and nearly 50 band members. They are equipped with various musical instruments such as qin, ce, water, flute, harp, dam, bell, drum, and stone. In addition, there are various personnel such as Tongzansheng, Sijiesheng, Silesheng, Sidaosheng, Lisheng, and guards to assist in the performance. When offering sacrifices to Confucius, the music and dance students entered the terrace (also called the terrace, in front of the hall where the scholars gathered) from the right door (side door). Each dancer held a south hand in his left hand and a zhai in his right hand. The band beat bells, drums, stone biscuits, and played Playing various musical instruments, the chorus sang: "People have bright virtues in their hands, the sound of jade and gold has been since ancient times, and the ancestors have made contributions." "The melody is solemn and solemn. The musicians and dancers sing and dance while singing.
The dance to commemorate Kong Yi is divided into: Renxian, Yaxian, and Zuxian, and the actors dance and sing accordingly. Technical regulations, At the beginning of the Yi dance, "Dongzhang" must be danced, and at the end, the song "Removal Music" must be sung. The whole Shiji Festival Confucius Dance is performed by the monks in front of the Dacheng Hall, and the instrumental music performers are arranged in the two corridors of the Confucius Temple. After the finale, the dancers, chorus, and band members left the stage, and the Yi dance ended. As a legacy of temple art, the Yi dance is of great value to future generations’ understanding of ancient culture and art. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song capital Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan) fell into the hands of the Jin soldiers. Song Gaozong Zhao Gou rushed southward. Kong Duanyou, the 48th generation descendant of Confucius, took Confucius and Qiguan's wife (Mrs. Confucius) with him. ) (reportedly carved by Zigong, a student of Confucius), came south from Qufu, Shandong, and settled in Quzhou.
In the third year of Baoyou (1255 AD), Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty ordered the construction of the Confucius family home. The Confucius Temple in Quzhou was built three times and repaired more than ten times. The current Confucius Temple was built in the 15th year of Zhengde reign of Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1520). It is located in the east corner of Quzhou City and covers an area of ??about 20 acres. It is basically built on the scale of Qufu, Shandong, and is divided into two parts: the Confucius Temple and the Confucius Mansion. The entire building faces south. There are four gates in front of the temple: "Jinsheng", "Yuzhen", "Lingxing" and "Dacheng". Outside the Jinsheng and Yuzhen gates, there are two archways, "Deqi Tiandi" and "Daoguan Ancient and Modern".
Entering inside is the place where Confucius was worshiped and danced - Yi Terrace. Next to the platform is the Dacheng Hall, the main hall of the Confucius Temple. It is a majestic building with a mountain-style structure with double eaves. There is a vertical plaque in the middle of the double eaves with the words "Dacheng Hall" written on it. It is an imitation of the imperial letter of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty. . In the center of the hall is a seated statue of Confucius, flanked by statues of his son Boyu and grandson Si. There are more than ten plaques with royal letters from emperors of all dynasties hanging on the beams. There are nine houses on the east and west sides of the passage in front of the temple, called "two verandas", which are places for worshiping sages. There is a jade statue of Zhongxing Zu in the east veranda and a statue of Kong Duanyou in the west veranda.