Wuzhangyuan has been recorded in history by Zhuge Liang and is well known to the world. Because Zhuge Liang has made many people curious about Wuzhangyuan, I want to come here to see what kind of place it is. In fact, Wuzhang was just an ordinary loess plateau, not a "loess plateau", and its area was not large. It is 3.5 kilometers long from north to south, 1 kilometer wide from east to west and nearly 5 feet high. The terrain is dangerous, commanding, and the field of vision is broad. It has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. This is the record of Wu Zhangyuan in the Song Dynasty, The Interpretation of Geography as a Mirror.
there are different opinions about the origin of Wu Zhangyuan's name. First, because its height began to be called "Wuzhangyuan", it gradually spread to Wuzhangyuan. As for the height, the original elevation of Wuzhang is about 75 meters, while the average elevation of Guanzhong Plain is about 5 meters, which means that the original elevation of Wuzhang is about 2 meters in Guanzhong Plain, which is basically consistent with "5 feet" after conversion;
Another way of saying this is that Wuzhang Plain is wide in front and narrow in back, and the narrowest part is only five feet, hence the name; There is also a saying that when Hu Hai, Qin Ershi, traveled westward here, there was a strong wind blowing on the ground, which rolled up a five-foot-high loess dust column (which is what we call a tornado in modern times), so people later called it Wuzhangyuan.
So, where is Wuzhangyuan?
Bird is located in the west of Guanzhong Plain, and now it belongs to Qishan County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. During the Three Kingdoms period, it was under the jurisdiction of Meixian County, a neighboring province (now Meixian County, Baoji City). Bird is backed by the Qinling Mountains and faces the Weihe River, 4 kilometers west of Baoji and 12 kilometers east of Xi 'an. The steep slopes in the east, west and north are blocked by rivers, and behind them are the ancient roads that lean into Shu. At that time, Zhuge Liang occupied the commanding heights of Wuzhangyuan and confronted Sima Yi for several months, while Sima Yi stood firm in the fortress on the south bank of Weihe River and waited for an opportunity. Finally, Zhuge Liang was at his wit's end and ran out of food and grass, so he went out with oil and lamps and dedicated himself to Wuzhangyuan.
Wu Zhangyuan, as Zhuge Liang's last place to fight, failed to capture Chencang after five northern expeditions before his death, and finally died here. In order to commemorate Zhuge Liang, later generations built his cenotaph and ancestral hall in Wuzhangyuan. He died in Wuzhangyuan, but he didn't want to be buried here. He left a will and was buried in Dingjun Mountain a hundred years later, so the Shu army transported Zhuge Liang's body back to Hanzhong. The tomb of Wuhou preserved in Dingjun Mountain is Zhuge Liang's final destination.
There are many tombs and temples of Zhuge Liang all over the country. Wuzhangyuan and Zhuge Liang have the deepest roots and the greatest influence. The history of Zhuge Liang Temple in Wuzhangyuan was recorded in the Yuan Dynasty. Guo Sigong, director of the Central Committee of the Yuan Dynasty, once left a written record that "this temple has existed for more than a thousand years since the Han Dynasty". Guo Sigong's duty is to inspect places and supervise the administration of officials. He once visited Zhuge Liang Temple in Wuzhangyuan.
Zhu Duo, another scholar in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Nostalgia for the Past in Wuzhangyuan": "The temple remains forever, so why is the cloud still there?" Although the poem can't be used as historical materials, it also confirms the credibility of Guo Sigong's statement that it has been more than a thousand years since the Han Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty only lasted for more than 7 years, and Guo Sigong's words as an official should be well-founded. Therefore, later generations speculated that Zhuge Liang Temple in Wuzhangyuan existed at the end of the Three Kingdoms.
On the other hand, it is speculated that Zhuge Liang has a very high reputation both among the people and in the eyes of rulers of past dynasties. Since his death, the local people have asked for a temple to be built for sacrifice, and the rulers also worship Zhuge Liang. Chen Shou, the author of 755-79, is a "loyal fan" of Zhuge Liang. He collected 24 works by Zhuge Liang, compiled them into the History of the Three Kingdoms, and reported them to Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty.
During the dinner, Chen Shou called Zhuge Liang "a voice to teach but a last word, which is in line with the current situation; His fair and loyal heart
One of the most convincing speculations is that Zhuge Jin, the grandson of Zhuge Liang, built a temple to worship his ancestors, and Zhu Gejin was the second son of Zhuge Zhan. After the reunification of the Three Kingdoms, he became an official in the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty and served as the magistrate of Jixian County. At that time, Zhang Wu was the jurisdiction of Jixian County. Zhu Gejin was praised for his outstanding achievements in governing Meixian County. Later, he was promoted to Jiangzhou (now Chongqing) secretariat. Since Zhu Gejin is an official in Huan County, he is likely to build a temple in Wuzhangyuan where his grandfather died of illness. Therefore, it is speculated by later generations that Zhuge Liang Temple was probably built in Wuzhangyuan during Wei and Jin Dynasties. Of course, these are speculations, because no physical evidence has been found so far.
At present, most of the ancient buildings in Zhuge Liang Temple in Wuzhangyuan were built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, and there are many cultural relics such as inscriptions, plaques and inscriptions. Among them, the most precious are 4 stone carvings embedded in the inner wall of Xiandian, among which Zhuge Liang's calligraphy by Yue Fei around the year of Zhuge Shi Ji is all in it. Yue Fei is both civil and military, and his calligraphy is unique. His brushwork is vigorous and vigorous, and the stone carvings next to it are the eight magnificent characters inscribed by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Taizu, "Pure and incredible, the book is like a man".
yue Fei's calligraphy and stone carvings were inlaid when Fang hongbin was ordered by Qishan county to rebuild Zhuge Liang temple in the fourth year of Guangxu in Qing dynasty. It is carved from stone carvings in Xi 'an 'an, and it is called "Double Wonders". First, Zhuge Liang wrote absolutely; Second, Yue Fei's calligraphy is better. 755-79 left Zhuge Liang with a mirror-like and ambitious reputation. Every time I read it, I can't help but think of Zhuge Liang's hard work. He manages every machine and forgets to eat and sleep among thousands of troops.
Zhuge Liang started his fifth Northern Expedition in Wuzhangyuan. In the spring of the 12th year of Jianxing in Shu Han Dynasty (AD 234), he led a large army to take the sloping ancient road in Qinling Mountain (now Meixian County crosses Qinling Mountain to Hanzhong Ancient Road), went out to cut Wei in the sloping valley, and stayed in Wuzhangyuan and Sima Yi for more than 1 days. Sima yi's strategy is "waste" in one word. Zhuge Liang's army of Shu and Han traveled long distances, climbed mountains and mountains, and the supply of food and grass was limited, so it was necessary to hurry up. So Sima Yi couldn't retreat and let the Shu army fight outside.
In the novel, Zhuge Liang sent a dress to provoke Sima Yi. Even so, Sima Yi did not take part in the war. This, of course, is a plot invented by the author of the novel for the fullness of his works, but the result is in line with history. Zhuge Liang was finally in a dilemma, and his anxiety became a disease. At the age of 54, he died in Wuzhangyuan. It can be said that Zhuge Liang made great efforts for the inheritance of Shu Han.
We often say that Zhuge Liang's "Five Northern Expeditions and Six Visits to Qishan" was actually "misled" by the novel. In history, Zhuge Liang's real northern expedition was indeed five times, but it was not "six trips to Qishan" but "two trips to Qishan", which were the first and fourth times respectively. In the spring of 228 and 231, Zhuge Liang went to Qishan to conquer Wei. Qishan is located in Tianshui at the junction of Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan provinces, in the west of Guanzhong Plain and Qinling Mountains, far from Chencang. The main purpose of Zhuge Liang's attack on Wei was to seize Chencang and then occupy Guanzhong and Tubo. Bypassing Qishan itself is a "detour". I wonder what Zhuge Liang is thinking?
in a word, the five northern expeditions ended in failure, and Zhuge Liang left a "name behind him", which was admired and recited through the ages. For more than 1,7 years, worshippers have come to Wuzhangyuan in an endless stream, and it is a household name to commemorate Zhuge Liang in places of interest.