(1) "gold"
1, bronze ware
2. Golden bronze statue
3. Bronze mirror
4, casting dragon slippery
The first three estimates may be familiar to everyone, so what is throwing a dragon and sliding?
Throwing dragon balls is a link in Taoist fasting ceremony. In order to reward the gods of heaven, earth and water, the feudal emperors tied the letter, jade, golden dragon and golden button with black silk and divided them into three slips, named Shan Jian, Tujia and Shuijian respectively. Shan Jian cast his seal on the cliff of Lingshan Tiandong and told Tiangong Shangyuan; Soil slips are buried underground, and local officials in the Central Plains are notified; Shuijian was thrown into Tandong Shuifu to inform Shuiguan Xia Yuan. Heaven, earth and water are also called ternary. The purpose of this short invitation activity is to pray for the three gods of heaven, earth and water to bless the country's peace and the people's happiness and longevity. & lt The above content is taken from Baidu Encyclopedia.
Simply put, the dragon slips are a variant of Taoist symbols and seals, and a special fasting ceremony held by the royal family. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Taoism reached its peak. 202 1 Henan "Lantern Festival Night", "Miss Tang Gong" looks around the golden slips. Golden bamboo slips are the famous golden bamboo slips of Wu Zetian in Henan Museum. (ps: Henan Museum is still worth looking forward to)
(2) The Stone
1, Monuments: Shen Dao Monument, Notebook Monument and Meritorious Monument, etc.
2. Epitaph (XuanTang Ming, Taming)
3. Cliff stone carving (refers to calligraphy, statues or rock paintings carved on the rock wall. Cliff stone carvings originated in ancient times, and as a way of recording, they prevailed in the Northern Dynasties until the Sui, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties. )
4. Statues, statues, monuments and buildings ([jīng chuáng]), interpretation: a kind of Buddhist stone carvings in China. ? Founded in? Don? . Carve a stone as a column, cover it with a cover, and attach a base, and carve the name of Buddha, Buddha statue or mantra on it. Its system was changed from Indian architecture. If you can't imagine, you can search the classic buildings of Wutai Mountain on the Internet. It was handed down from the Tang Dynasty. After the baptism of history, it still stands intact in Beigao Temple. )
5. Stone relief and brick relief
6. Town tombstones and land purchase vouchers (land purchase vouchers and town tombs) are written materials with distinctive Taoist cultural characteristics that appeared in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty. They are symbolic securities, which are placed in the tomb to ensure that the ownership of the deceased to the cemetery is inviolable. )
7. Confession (Pinyin is gào shēn, the letter of ancient official documents, similar to the appointment of later generations. Beizhou has already called this. Song Yiming? "Official notice". )
Second, the historical value of calligraphy
When studying the culture of "epigraphy", general scientific researchers should try to follow the principle that they should see the original stone as much as possible, followed by rubbings, pictures (a collection of images of ancient cultural relics and works of art) and words.
If a culture is not recorded and passed down in any tangible or intangible way, it will eventually be forgotten. Therefore, these epigraphy materials provide great value for us to study the past history in contemporary times. For example, let's take a brief look at the confession.
1. It is a symbol of rank and status.
A confession document will directly indicate the political rank such as official title and professional title and the corresponding economic treatment. Take "the first year of Tang Long (7 10)" as an example, "Zhong Shaojing, assistant minister of Zhongshu and founding father of Yingchuan, sealed 200 households and gave them 1,000 yuan". ? (See Liu Anzhi's Preliminary Study on Zhong Shaojing's Confessions in Tang Dynasty, in New Materials and Historical Manuscripts of China Ancient Literature, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 20 14, 196)? Among them, "Dr. Yin Qing Guanglu" is a literary official, from three products; Assistant Minister Zhongshu is a literary professional official. The fourth level, the official at the next level is the official at the next level, and the word "line" is added; "The Founding Duke of Yingchuan County", which is the second level? ; "200 food sealed households" means that the number of households actually sealed is 1000 yuan, which is an economic reward.
2. Judicial significance
According to the laws of the Tang Dynasty, officials can avoid judicial punishment by lowering their official positions. Repentance is the proof of official goods, and the rise and fall of official goods is accompanied by the replacement of repentance. How many confessions have been confessed, retracted or destroyed vividly reflects the ups and downs of personal political career. For officials in the Tang Dynasty, confession is like a ship, and officials follow it.
3. Family significance
Confession can not only prove a person's political success, but also directly affect the whole family in Hui Ze, especially when family members are awarded official positions. Therefore, confession is not only a proof of personal career success, but also a proof of family success. In that era when society designed its life path around politics, the confession from the court was also a proof of the family's position in society.
Third, information recommendation.
Ouyang Xiu's Collection of Ancient Carvings in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Mingcheng's Jin Shi Ju and Bao Lei Ke Bian compiled in the Southern Song Dynasty. His representative works include Collection of Stone Carvings in Wang Chang in Qing Dynasty and Collation of Eight Qiongshi Stone Carvings by Lu Zengxiang. Many scholars' books are also worth recommending. For example, the Commercial Press published Yang Dianxun's Index of Inscriptions and Postscripts on Stone Carvings in 1990.