Flower porcelain is a kind of underglaze colored porcelain, which is painted on a transparent glazed porcelain tire and fired at high temperature. The flower face is blue, beautiful, clean and generous, stable in color, not easy to wear, and there are no disadvantages such as lead dissolution. In the Qing Dynasty, Gong praised blue-and-white porcelain in his Tao Ge: "White glazed blue-and-white porcelain is a fire, and the flowers are clear from the glaze. You can participate in innate beauty, and infinity comes from Tai Chi. "
Blue and white porcelain was invented by Jingdezhen porcelain workers in Yuan Dynasty, and it was very mature when fired. In the Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain was famous for its exquisite fetal glaze, rich blue-and-white color and diverse shapes. The firing of blue and white porcelain in the Tang, Yong and Gan dynasties in Qing Dynasty was more obvious. After the founding of New China, the blue-and-white wares were mainly single pieces in the past, and developed into a complete set, with more beautiful pictures. "Blue-and-white French Platanus Tableware" produced by People's Porcelain Factory won the China Prize for many times because of its superb quality, traditional style and national characteristics, and won three gold medals at the international expositions in Leipzig, Brno, Poland.
The use of blue and white materials can be roughly divided into three stages. In the early Ming Dynasty, especially in the early days of Yongle and Xuande, the colorful imported material "Suni Boqing" was the main material; From Chenghua to Zhengde in the middle of Ming Dynasty, Ping Dengqing, a domestic material with elegant and blue hair color, was the main material. After Jiajing, it was mainly a "rejuvenation material" with blue hair color.
In the Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen and local folk kilns produced a large number of blue and white porcelain. Patterns and ornamentation have broken through the shackles of standardization, and a large number of pictures of freehand brushwork flowers and birds, figures, landscapes and various animal themes have appeared, with clever composition, free and easy lines, and sometimes loose brushwork, natural and realistic; Sketch the outline from time to time, with both form and spirit. During the years of the Apocalypse and Chongzhen, some common patterns, such as "Blowing a flute to attract a phoenix", "Opposing the law", "Crossing at night in Qiu Jiang", "Cold birds and withered stones" and "Lotus Crane", were polished with pens, while others were simple and subtle, trying to concentrate the characters of people and animals, which made people daydream.
In the folk blue-and-white porcelain of the Ming Dynasty, vivid and lovely baby pictures can often be seen, such as "hide and seek", "flying kites" and "fighting crickets", with elegant colors and unrestrained and beautiful styles.
In the creation of folk blue-and-white porcelain in the Ming Dynasty, porcelain painters often skillfully integrated painting and calligraphy. "Fu", "Lu", "Shou" and "Fu", which symbolize good luck and good luck, were not painting themes originally, but were cleverly conceived by ancient porcelain painters, expressed on porcelain and sublimated into decorative images. For example, in Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli periods, the words "Fu" and "Shou" composed of pine branches were widely used; During the Wanli and Apocalypse years, the pictures of Ganoderma lucidum supporting longevity and Ganoderma lucidum TOEFL, and even the calligraphy "longevity" written directly on porcelain, all appeared full and smooth, giving people artistic enjoyment.