If you learn how to write, you can learn how to write further. To learn to write, we must first learn to stipple, which is like the building material of words. If the materials are not prepared or the prepared materials do not meet the quality requirements, the exhibition hall will not be beautiful and firm. If you study books, you won't look good if you don't write well. Learning to write with a pen means learning how to drop ink on paper to form stippling that meets the requirements.
The writing method described in this paper is mainly based on Mr. Ding's opinion. Now introduce several main ways to use the pen as follows.
The movement of the pen can be divided into vertical movement and horizontal movement. Vertical movement refers to the vertical movement of pen and paper, and horizontal movement refers to the front, back, left and right movement of pen and paper.
Longitudinal movement mainly includes the following types:
Put pen to paper: When a pen first touches paper, it is called put pen to paper, also called put pen to paper. Writing is generally light, like a bird falling from the air on a branch. Putting pen to paper is the beginning of writing.
Pen: press the pen to call it a pen. Don't make it too heavy, or it will be too fat to draw.
Pen lifting: it's called pen lifting. Generally, you have to start writing after you start writing. Holding a pen is like a bird about to fly high from the ground.
Lateral movement mainly includes the following types:
Stroke: strokes from one end to the other are called strokes, and strokes are also called strokes.
Down stroke: after the stroke stops, lift the pen slightly to make the pen tip rotate, and the stroke with a slight deviation is called down stroke. Writing is mostly used at the turning point of strokes. For example, when writing a cross-fold, first lift the pen, write the corner with the nib, then stop writing, slightly lift the pen to make the second corner appear, and then slightly rotate the nib to make the nib face the top of the stroke-
Call a stroke at this time, continue to write at last, and write when folding horizontally.
Folding pen: when writing some pictures, I want to go down first, then up, first left and then right, first left and then right, and change the direction decisively. Intentionally revealing the edges and corners is called folding pen. For example, when writing horizontally, first put the pen on the upper left, and then fold it to the lower right to write a square edge, which is called folding the pen.
Turn the pen: the rotation of the pen tip is called turn the pen, which means that the stippling is written without edges and corners. For example, when writing the second stroke of the word "Ma" or the fourth stroke of the word "Yuan", in order not to expose the edges and corners at the turning point, the pen tip should be rotated like drawing a circle with a compass.
Pen return: the direction of pen return after stopping is called pen return. The purpose of returning the pen is to "protect the tail and avoid' broken wood'".
Stroke: The stroke of a pen is called a stroke, which is different from the stroke of a stroke. Stroke by stroke is rotating, stroke by stroke is reversed. If you write a left vertical hook, when you write the length vertically, lift the left line of the pen, and then, conversely, make the stroke of the pen face the opposite direction of the hook to be picked-this is the stroke of the pen-and finally lift the pen to pick the hook.
Vertical pen: when walking, the pen tip is raised, and when it goes far, it will never come back. It is called vertical pen. If you write it off, use a pen from heavy to light, and then use a vertical pen when you finally come out.
In addition to vertical and horizontal movement, there is also a way to raise a pen between them. This kind of brushwork neither raises the pen nor pauses, that is, it can't rotate, but the pen stops on the paper, which is called vertical pen. The purpose of putting pen to paper is to gain momentum, that is, to obtain a certain situation of stippling.
The above are several common operation methods. Beginners will gradually master more brushwork as long as they ponder carefully.
Center and winger
Calligraphers of all ages emphasized the central strokes when talking about using pens. What is the stroke in the center?
The tip of the pen tip is called the pen tip, also called the pen center, and the short hair outside is called the auxiliary hair. When the center stroke, the pen tip often points to run. In this way, the bristles are laid flat on the paper, and the stippling looks rich, round and three-dimensional.
When writing, horizontal strokes are not in the middle of stippling, but on the edge of stippling. It is often on the top when writing horizontally, and it is often on the left when writing vertically. When writing horizontally, it is easy to see the edges and corners starting with a pen, but stippling often lacks three-dimensional sense. Moreover, because the pen is not in the direction of bristles, it is easy to have neat strokes on one side and untidy strokes on the other.
Change is one of the remarkable characteristics of Chinese characters and calligraphy. From the structure of Chinese characters, horizontal and vertical, simple and complicated, wide and narrow, long and short, oblique and correct, each has its own state; From the point of pen use, the Fiona Fang, thickness, pitch and straightness of stippling are varied by Teton, line entry, vertical collection, hidden dew, turning and rapid development. From the structural point of view, density, opening and closing, gathering and dispersing, and stabilizing risks have their own advantages; Judging from the use of ink, there are dry and moist, dark and light, and dry and wet set each other off; Judging from the composition, the size, reality, disjointed and uneven. It can be said that the process of calligraphy creation is the process of correctly handling this contradiction. In a good calligraphy work, these contradictions reach the unity of opposites.
Center and winger are opposites and unity in writing. It is monotonous to use only the center or winger. The center is full of energy, the winger is brilliant, the center is the main one, and the winger is the auxiliary one. It is not necessary to use a pen center, and it is impossible to use a pen center. If you write, especially when you write quick books and cursive scripts, you will always haggle over whether the center writes or not, which will definitely affect your performance. Therefore, Feng Fang of the Ming Dynasty said, "When the ancients wrote seal script, they used the same pen, and they must give priority to the front (that is, the center), and occasionally the side won. Under the sub-book, the front is eight, the side is two, and the seal script is absolutely unstoppable. "
Some people say that in order to keep the center forward, keep the brush body straight and the nib conical when writing. This statement is not accurate enough. Mr. Ding's "On the Essence of Calligraphy" makes it more clear: "The pen tube is vertical and cannot be completely swept. Except for the ancient seal cutting in China, you can't hold it directly with your wrist. " Fingers are still hammering. Since the front is on the paper, it's appropriate to change it. Draw the Walker tube turning, draw the Walker tube turning down, and draw the Walker tube turning right on the left, which means that the fingers are gaining power and the front is effective' ... so the tube can't be straight and the wrist can't be flat. "
Calligraphers of all ages emphasized the function of using the wrist lightly. Yu Shinan said: "When using your wrist lightly, you must use your wrist lightly." Kang Youwei said, "If the left wrist sticks to the case, the momentum will be flat, and the right wrist will benefit from empty life. In this way, all sides are complete, the danger is powerful, and the seal cutting is really useful, and all of them are in power. " If the wrist is light and "vain", it is impossible to keep straight, but only to keep the pen straight.
It is also impossible to keep the tip conical when writing. Strictly speaking, as long as the pen touches the paper, the cone will be destroyed. The more the pen is pressed, the thicker the stippling will be and the flatter the nib will be. At this time, the shape of the front end of the nib is neat rather than sharp. On the other hand, the higher the pen is raised, the thinner the stippling will be, and the closer the pen is to the cone, but it is impossible to keep the cone of the nib. To take a step back, even if you can really keep the conical shape of the nib, as Wu Yu said in the Qing Dynasty, "The nib is straight down, the ink is wrapped around the front, and it is true that the hidden front turns inward, only thin and timid."
Dot color
In the history of our country, there are many calligraphers who are good at regular script, and their calligraphy works have their own styles. Beginners of regular script should first learn some basic stippling methods, such as point, horizontal, vertical, skimming, pressing and hooking, and then choose their favorite tablet to copy according to their hobbies. After a period of practice, their stippling and structure can gradually approach the adjacent wordpad.
Now the basic stippling writing list shows:
The way to hide the front of the pen: the writing of the pen is roughly the same as that of the dot, and then gradually lift the pen to the left, not too fast or too slow. If it is too fast and the tail is too sharp and thin, it will form a "rat tail" of the sick pen, and the stroke length is not easy to control; If it is too slow, the tail will be dull and flat. The front exposure method is that the nib falls straight, and then the nib is adjusted to the left as the center.
Horizontal hidden front method: start the pen against the front-if you want to turn right first and then left, fold the pen at the left end, and then gently lift the pen to the right around the center. When the length is close, you will gently lift the pen, write the corner of the upper right with the front side, then stop writing, and then turn the pen to the left at the lower right.
The exposure method is that the pen falls on the lower right of the paper and immediately moves to the right with the center. The other strokes are the same as the hidden front method. When writing horizontal lines by exposure method, we should pay special attention not to cut the front too much to the lower right, otherwise the left end of the horizontal line will be thin and empty.
The way to hide the front: start the pen against the front-if you want to get down first, fold the pen on it, and you can't turn it. If it turns, the top is not sharp, then write to the lower right, turn the bottom to the lower left, and finally close the pen to the upper left.
The shape of the point is pointed at the top and rounded at the bottom, with the abdomen (left) flat and the back (right) round.
Lu Feng is a straight pen-this brushwork is also called cutting the front, and the rest of the brushwork is the same as Zang Feng.
How to hide the brush stroke: If you want to start writing against the brush stroke, first turn left, then turn the pen upward (for example, draw a circle with compasses, or make it smaller like a brush stroke), then immediately press down to the right, and gradually press the pen to make the stroke thicker, so that you can stay in the pen when you come out, and finally pick up the pen when you come out. The whole process of writing can be summarized as "opposing and advancing". The flat outlet is the corner pressing, and there can be no corner folding.
Steep strokes are called vertical strokes, also known as golden knives, which are used to represent words such as wood, origin and history. Gentle swimming is called horizontal swimming, also called swimming fish, which is used for walking and so on. When the pen tip of a vertical pen is connected with other strokes without being exposed, the pen tip can follow the pen without going backwards.
The exposure front method of transverse pressure is straight down along the front, and then the side front is upward. The other strokes, strokes and exposures are the same as the hidden front method.
There is a hanging needle, which is different from the hanging one. If the lower part of the pen is exposed, it is called a drop, and if the front end of the hanging part is as sharp as a needle, it is called a hanging needle.
The method of vertically hiding the pen front: start against the pen front, fold the pen downwards, adjust the pen front downwards as the center, and lift the pen slightly to the left (or right) back when the length is harmonious.
Exposing the front is to cut the front straight and adjust the nib to the central stroke. Other strokes are the same as hiding the front.
The method of hanging needle before hiding and exposing is the same as hanging needle. When the pen is vertical, the pen is slowly lifted off the front, and its speed requires approximate skimming, but slower than skimming. Because garters are like a mainstay, they are not important. If the front is too fast, it may skew and float. The hardest thing about hanging needles is to write impartially, just like an iron column standing upright.
Hooks change the most. Let's talk about two basic types-left hook and right hook.
Both the left hook and the right hook are attached to the vertical line. When the hook is lifted from the vertical line to the bottom, the pen will be slightly lowered to the left (so that the edges and corners will appear on the right side of the vertical line), and when it reaches the bottom of the hook, the pen will be picked to the left to form a left hook. The right hook is the same as the left hook, but in the opposite direction. Another right hook, which looks like two strokes, is called a hook, which is used for the words "Si Long" or "Brother Long" on the right.
The writing method of the lion's mouth is: write a horizontal picture with a pen, lift it first and then stop at the turning point, adjust the nib as the center to write down to the left, and pick it out when the pen goes up and down. The lion's mouth method is used in sentences, such as Lian, Shu, Nan, Ma and Wei.
The writing method of Fengyi is as follows: draw horizontally with a pen, first lift it at the turning point, then pause, adjust the nib to become a center, then the center will make a circle according to the rules, and pick it out with a pen when the length is harmonious. When writing the phoenix wing, it is required that the turning point and hook should be thicker and the middle part should be thinner. Phoenix wing method is used for words such as wind and phoenix.
Bao Gai's writing methods are divided into Fang Bi and round pen:
Square pen style: draw horizontally with a pen, lift it first and then stop at the turning point, and then hook it back with the center or flank.
Round pen type: draw horizontally with a pen, lift it first and then stop at the turning point, and swing to the turning point with the center of the circle. This method is common in Liu Ti.
No matter the Fang Bi type or the round pen type, the hook should be flat but not vertical, so as to echo the part under the treasure cover. Treasure cover method is used for words such as emptiness, treasure, gift and crown.
The writing of the dragon's tail is: draw a vertical picture with a pen, draw a circle according to the rules when turning, rotate the nib while walking, draw a horizontal picture with a pen after the turning point, and pick out the hook on the pen when it is long or short.
The bend of the dragon tail should be an arc, not a square corner. Here, the pen should be moved faster to show the strength of the iron-painted silver hook. After bending, the horizontal part should be slightly upturned without sagging, and the sagging will have a sense of relaxation. Dragon tail is used for words such as Ye, Yuan, Jian and Pen.
Straight strokes are written like this: start to draw vertically, then draw down to the right, and pick up the hook to the right when the stroke is long or short.
The upper and lower parts of the straight Go should be slightly straight and thick, and the middle part should be slightly curved and thin. It is like a human body, with broad shoulders and plump hips. The waist is thick, the shoulders are narrow, and it looks awkward. The straight line should not be too straight or too curved, which will appear stiff and weak. It is very important to combine rigidity with softness. Go straight is used to express words such as Go, Martial Arts, Success and Prosperity.
The writing method of horizontal stroke is: write straight and sharp, if you follow the rules, draw a circle, leave the stroke in the pen when it reaches the crescent shape, and then pull the pen to the upper left.
The transverse curve should not be straight, short and long, and the hook is slightly longer than the tail of the dragon.
Sick pen
Chinese stippling is square and round, oblique and positive, straight and curved, thick and thin, sharp and blunt, short and long, but all of them must conform to certain writing rules to have their own meaning, otherwise it is a sick pen. In fact, as long as the pen is out of balance, anything will happen, such as sawtooth, nail head, rigidity, thinness, bloated, loose tail, concave abdomen and deformity.