Character introduction
Hu Zhao (161-250), courtesy name Kongming, was born in Yingchuan (now Yuzhou, Henan). Hermit and calligrapher during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Experience
When he first escaped from the chaos in Jizhou, Yuan Shao conquered him, but refused to leave and returned to his hometown. Cao Cao was the Prime Minister of Sikong, and he invited him many times. Hu Zhao had no choice but to comply with the order to see Cao Cao. However, after arriving, Chen Yijie was a wild man with no military use, so he still begged to go back. Cao Cao had no regrets and said: "Everyone has his own aspirations and origins, and he is encouraged to be elegant and upright, and his righteousness is not compromised." Hu Zhao then lived in Luhun Mountain, cultivated Taoism, entertained himself with scriptures, and was quite virtuous in the world. Hu Zhao also made great achievements in calligraphy. At that time, he was as famous as Han Guochun, Wei Jian and Wei Dan. In addition, those who are more accomplished in the art of calligraphy include Liu Desheng (Shan Xing Shu), Liu Sheng (Master Zhong), Sun Tzu Jing, Guan Loquat, Shi Yiguan (Master Liang Hu), Song Yi (disciple of Zhong), Cui Cui (Cai) Yong's disciples) and Cai Yan, etc. It is a pity that their many deeds have not been verified. He was 20 years older than Zhuge Liang, and died 16 years later than Zhuge Liang, at the age of 89. Hu Zhao lived in seclusion in the mountains for a long time and remained out of office throughout his life. There are few records about his activities, but judging from the scattered written records scattered in some historical materials and classics, Hu Zhao's talent and wisdom are by no means inferior to Zhuge Liang. ? Hu Zhao's youth was a period when the imperial court was corrupt and his relatives and eunuchs alternated in power. He read classics and history when he was young and was very knowledgeable. He was especially proficient in classics and history and was good at calligraphy. At a young age, he was praised by the world for his extraordinary talent. Because he disliked his official career, in order to avoid the endless rounds of county and county inspections (chaju was one of the methods of selecting officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty, that is, local officials inspected "virtuous people" and promoted them to officials). Zhao was a minister and county magistrate who recruited intellectuals from the landlord class as subordinates), so he lived in Jizhou and became obsessed with classics, history and calligraphy. ? In the first year of Chuping of Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 190), powerful ministers interfered with politics, the Han Dynasty declined, and all heroes came together. In order to win the war to compete for territory and expand their power, various princes recruited talents one after another. Yuan Shao, known as "the family of four generations and three princes, with disciples and former officials all over the world", heard that Hu Zhao was a famous person in Yingchuan, with unparalleled talent and superiority, so he did not hesitate to condescend to Yu Yu. He visited him many times and invited Hu Zhao to come out. , assist yourself in conquering the world. However, because he disliked the dangerous official career, he "resolutely refused" Yuan Shao's invitation. Through several contacts with Yuan Shao, Hu Zhao saw that Yuan Shao was jealous of talents. To prevent unexpected events, he quietly fled Jizhou. Sure enough, within a few days, Yuan Shao ordered people to arrest Hu Zhao, but Hu Zhao had already hid in the deep mountains and old forests like a wandering crane. ? In the first year of Jian'an (196), Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Xian and moved the capital to Xuchang. After issuing the "Only Only Talents Order", a large number of benevolent people and people with lofty ideals in Yingchuan came to Cao Cao one after another. Cao Cao, who was thirsty for talents, learned that Hu Zhao was a rare talent, and sent people to invite Hu Zhao to become an official many times. But Hu Zhao didn't want to be an official, "but he couldn't trust him". Later, Cao Cao still took the trouble and invited him again, but he had no choice but to go and see Cao Cao. Since then, Hu Zhao was a village man with no military use. He had long been accustomed to the pastoral life of farming, woodworking and studying, and became an official. , it is not my fault, and I will never obey his orders. I hope the Prime Minister will forgive me and let him live in seclusion in the mountains and forests. Seeing that Hu Zhao was resolute and unable to retain him, Cao Cao lamented that "everyone has his own aspirations and origins," and allowed Hu Zhao to return to his hometown. Later, in order to avoid the endless summons from various heroes, Hu Zhao simply moved to Luhun Mountain (now northeast of Song County, Henan Province). ? At that time, Luhun Mountain, where Hu Zhao lived, stretched for three hundred miles and was home to many poor people who worked at sunrise and rested at sunset. Because they are scattered, their children have no chance to study. Fights often occur between these residents over trivial matters. Seeing this situation, Hu Zhao opened a school to teach them literacy and reading, so that they could understand some simple principles. At the same time, the residents in the mountains were also persuaded and resolved with emotion and reason, and the fights among these residents were quickly calmed down. Because Hu Zhao was highly respected and educated all over the world, the three hundred miles of mountains and rivers where he lived gradually eliminated unhealthy phenomena such as violations and fights. Hu Zhao opened a school in Luhunshan and its reputation spread far and wide. Many children from aristocratic families came to study. Among these people, the most famous is Sima Yi of Cao Wei. Sima Yi is a son of a wealthy family in Wen County, Henan. When he heard that Hu Zhao, a famous scholar from Yangdi, had opened a school in Luhunshan, he went to study there. Hu Zhaohui knew people well and saw that Sima Yi was intelligent, resourceful, and full of great talents. He expected that this person would achieve great things in the future, so he tried his best to preach and teach.
Because Sima Yi came from a famous family, he was extremely intelligent, and he was naturally arrogant in his conduct. Therefore, he had a grudge with Lu Hun and Zhou Sheng. When he learned that Hu Zhao had left the academy, Zhou Sheng gathered more than 20 of his companions to assassinate Sima Yi. . After Hu Zhao heard about this, he immediately went to chase Zhou Sheng. After going through mountains and ridges and going through hardships, they finally intercepted Zhou Sheng and his party between Mianchi and Mianchi Mountains. After his mediation, Zhou Sheng gave up his plan to seek revenge. Hu Zhao was indispensable for Sima Yi's narrow escape. ? Hu Zhao moved from Luhun Mountain to Yiyang (now Yiyang County, Henan Province) during the Zhengshi reign of Wei Qi King Cao Fang (240-249). Wei courtiers frequently wrote letters requesting Emperor Wei to summon Hu Zhao to serve as an official, but Hu Zhao declined politely. In the second year of Jiaping (250), Wei Emperor Cao Fang once again sent Hu Zhao to the court in a public carriage. He gave up after hearing that Hu Zhao died of illness that year.
History of calligraphy
Zhao Shan is as famous as Zhong Yao, Handan Chun, Wei Jian and Wei Dan. The traces of rulers and tablets can be seen in action. Wei Hengyun said: "Zhao and Zhong Yao studied together under Liu Desheng. They were both good at cursive writing, while Hu was fat and Zhong was thin." Zhang Huayun said: "Hu Zhao was good at official script." He died in his eighty-nine year. ("Three Kingdoms·Book of Wei·Guan Ning Biography", "Book End")
Character Evaluation
During his life, Hu Zhao lived in seclusion and was not an official, so he was not as political and military as Zhuge Liang. He has made a vigorous career and is famous all over the world. However, Hu Zhao devoted himself to running schools and teaching in the countryside and made great contributions to all directions. In calligraphy, Hu Zhao learned from Liu Desheng and introduced new ones, pushing running calligraphy to a new level. Therefore, he is as famous as Zhong Yao, another calligrapher in the Three Kingdoms period. Zhong Hu". Hu Zhao's running calligraphy was widely studied and admired by scholars at that time, so that "the traces of rulers and tablets can be seen as models" and became an example for people to learn and copy.