Origin
The term "National Day" originally refers to national celebrations and was first seen in the Western Jin Dynasty. Lu Ji, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty, recorded in his article "On the Five Classes of Princes" that "On National Day, we only enjoy its benefits, and we should not worry about its harm." In my country's feudal era, the most important national celebrations were the emperor's enthronement and birthday. (The Qing Dynasty called the emperor’s birthday Long Live Festival) and so on. Therefore, in ancient my country, the emperor's accession to the throne and birthday were called "National Day". Today, the anniversary of the founding of the country is called National Day.
National Day of the People’s Republic of China
October 1st every year is China’s National Day. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people have fought successively and achieved great victories in the people's revolution. On October 1, 1949, the Founding Ceremony of the People's Republic of China was held in Tiananmen Square, the capital, Beijing. Amidst the rumbling salutes, Comrade Mao Zedong solemnly declared to the world: "The People's Republic of China and the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China" Established!" and raised the first five-star red flag with his own hands. Three hundred thousand soldiers and civilians gathered in Tiananmen Square for a grand military parade and celebratory procession. The establishment of New China achieved the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation and ushered in a new era of Chinese history.
On December 3, 1949, the Fourth Session of the Central People's Government Committee accepted the recommendations of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and passed the "Resolution on the National Day of the People's Republic of China" and decided to celebrate October 1 every year. Day, the great day when the People's Republic of China was proclaimed, is the National Day of the People's Republic of China.
National Day is a characteristic of modern nation-states. It emerged with the emergence of modern nation-states and has become particularly important. It has become a symbol of an independent country, reflecting the country's national system and political system. Once the special commemoration method of National Day becomes a new, national holiday form, it will carry the function of reflecting the cohesion of the country and the nation. At the same time, the large-scale celebrations on National Day are also a concrete manifestation of the government’s mobilization and appeal. Showing strength, enhancing national confidence, reflecting cohesion and exerting appeal are the three basic characteristics of the National Day celebration.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, the form of National Day celebrations has changed several times. The picture on the lower right shows Tiananmen Square where flowers are placed to celebrate National Day.
In the early days of the founding of New China (1950-1959), large-scale celebrations and military parades were held every National Day. In September 1960, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council decided to reform the National Day system in line with the policy of building the country through diligence and thrift. Thereafter, from 1960 to 1970, grand rallies and mass demonstrations were held in front of Tiananmen Square every National Day, but no military parade was held.
From 1971 to 1983, Beijing celebrated National Day on October 1 every year with large-scale garden party activities and other forms, without holding mass parades. In 1984, the 35th anniversary of the National Day, a grand National Day military parade and mass celebration parade were held. In the following ten years, other forms were used to celebrate National Day, and National Day military parades and mass celebration parades were no longer held. On October 1, 1999, the 50th anniversary of the National Day, a grand National Day military parade and mass celebration parade were held. This is the last grand National Day celebration held by the Republic of China in the 20th century.
Since the founding of New China, China has held 13 military parades during the National Day celebration. There were 11 times between 1949 and 1959, two times in 1984 on the 35th anniversary of the National Day, and 1999 on the 50th anniversary of the National Day.
To celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, on October 1, 2009, the State Council and the Central Military Commission will hold a grand military parade and mass demonstrations in Tiananmen Square.
After the parade is over, people often gather in parks or public places to celebrate the festival, singing and drinking.
China National Day
At the first session of the first session of the CPPCC in September 1949, it was decided to designate October 1 as National Day. The founding of the People's Republic of China was proclaimed on October 1, 1949. This was the greatest change in Chinese history. At 3 pm on October 1, 1949, 300,000 people in Beijing held a grand ceremony in Tiananmen Square to celebrate the establishment of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China.
Chairman Mao Zedong solemnly declared the founding of the People's Republic of China and the Central People's Government, and personally raised the first five-star red flag. Chairman Mao read out the "Announcement of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China": "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China is the only legitimate government representing the people of the People's Republic of China. All parties willing to abide by equality and mutual benefit This government is willing to establish diplomatic relations with any foreign government that respects the principles of mutual respect for territorial sovereignty and other principles." A military parade and mass demonstrations were then held. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De reviewed the navy, army and air force and announced the "Order of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Headquarters", ordering the Chinese People's Liberation Army to quickly eliminate all remaining armed forces of the Kuomintang and liberate all unliberated lands. On the same day, Beijing Xinhua Radio Station conducted a live broadcast of the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China in Tiananmen Square. This is the first large-scale live broadcast in the history of China People's Broadcasting, and it is broadcast simultaneously by People's Broadcasting Stations across the country.
October 1, 1949, is the anniversary of the founding of New China. It should be noted here that in many people’s minds, the founding ceremony of the People’s Republic of China was held in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1949, with the participation of hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians. In fact, this impression in people's minds is not accurate. Because the ceremony held in Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1949 was the founding ceremony of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, not the founding ceremony of the country. In fact, the "founding" of the People's Republic of China, that is to say, the establishment of the People's Republic of China, had been announced a week before October 1 of that year. At that time, it was not called the "Founding Ceremony of the People's Republic of China", but the "Founding Ceremony of the People's Republic of China". The time is September 21, 1949. On this day, Mao Zedong, director of the preparatory meeting for the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, announced the birth of New China in his opening speech at the first session of the CPPCC.
So what about the National Day on October 1st? At the first meeting of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Xu Guangping spoke: "Commissioner Ma Xulun was unable to come on leave. He asked me to say that the founding of the People's Republic of China should be celebrated as a National Day, so I hope this association will decide to designate October 1 as National Day. "Mao Zedong said: "We should make a proposal to the government and let the government decide." On October 2, 1949, the Central People's Government passed the "About the People's Republic of China". "Resolution on the National Day of the Republic of China" stipulates that October 1st of each year is the National Day, and this day is used as the day to declare the founding of the Republic of China. Since then, October 1st every year has become a festival celebrated grandly and joyfully by people of all ethnic groups across the country.
Looking back at history: The founding ceremony of the People’s Republic of China
On October 1, 1949, history was fixed at the Tiananmen Gate Tower.
At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Lin Boqu, Secretary-General of the Central People's Government, announced the start of the founding ceremony of New China. Chairman Mao Zedong solemnly announced in a thick Hunan accent: "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China has been established today!"
The military band then played the solemn and passionate national anthem "March of the Volunteers" ...With the national anthem resounding in the sky, the salute roaring, Mao Zedong solemnly pressed the flag-raising button, and the first bright five-star red flag of New China slowly rose on the flagpole in front of the Tiananmen Gate Tower...
Flag Raising After the salute was fired, Mao Zedong read out the "Announcement of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China" and decided to change Peking to Beijing as the head of state of the People's Republic of China?/P> Facing the jubilation of 300,000 people gathered Ocean, facing the land of China where the phoenix is ??reborn, Mao Zedong declared: The People's Republic of China and the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China "accept the Communist Party Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference as the policy policy of this government"...
< p> At 4 p.m., Secretary-General Lin Boqu announced the official start of the military parade. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, wearing a brand-new military uniform made of woolen material, stepped down from the Tiananmen Gate and took an open-top car. Accompanied by the parade commander-in-chief Nie Rongzhen, he inspected 16,400 officers and soldiers of the army, navy and air force. After the review, Zhu De issued the "Chinese People's "Order from the People's Liberation Army Headquarters", he required all commanders and fighters in the army to quickly eliminate the remnants of the Kuomintang's reactionary army and liberate all unliberated lands. Subsequently, the grand parade and mass parade kicked off.Nie Rongzhen led the review troops of the navy, army and air force through Tiananmen Square from east to west to accept the review of party and state leaders.
The first to goose-step through Tiananmen Square was the 155-member People's Navy formation that made its debut. This is a young force. In the history of the 13 military parades held by the People's Republic of China, the Army was at the forefront in 12 of them. Only the Navy took the lead in the Founding Parade. The naval corps was the first to pass the Tiananmen reviewing stand, and Li Guanying, holding the "August 1st" military flag, became the first soldier in the military parade at the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China. This was followed by a multi-service infantry force composed of more than 8,000 officers and soldiers, including 40 formations including submachine gun battalions, light machine gun battalions, heavy machine gun battalions, infantry regiments, communications battalions, and combat defense gun battalions, passing through Tiananmen with great momentum. Following the infantry phalanx were artillery divisions pulled by large American trucks and tank divisions composed of motorized infantry, armored infantry and tanks. Most of the equipment of the troops being reviewed was seized from the enemy during the War of Liberation and the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. They record the illustrious military exploits of the people's army. In this square formation, some artillery carts pulled by mules and horses were also deliberately arranged to show that the artillery force developed and expanded from mules and horses. Following closely behind were the cavalry division troops from the Chahar Grassland. The cavalry division is composed of 3 cavalry regiments, followed by an artillery battalion that pulls field artillery. There are 1,920 military horses in total, organized into 6 columns, passing in a queue of 6 horses in parallel, and divided according to the color of the horses. "Red Horse Company", "White Horse Company", "Black Horse Company". This was the first time the cavalry passed through Tiananmen Square. The cavalrymen were astride their horses, holding steel spears and raising their sabers, all of them looked majestic.
When the steel torrent of the Chariot Division rumbled across the square, the newly formed People's Air Force flew over Tiananmen in batches in two-plane and three-plane formations. The flying war eagles caused a wave of high. A wave of cheers passed.
How many aircraft were reviewed at the Founding Ceremony has been a mystery for a long time. At that time, our Air Force had 9 P-5L fighters and 8 Mosquitoes. Bombers, the parade headquarters provided an ingenious idea: after nine P-51s flew over, they would make another circle and follow the Mosquito bombers back to the sky above Tiananmen Square. In doing so, although the difficulty of flying will be greatly increased, the national and military prestige will be greatly increased. Sure enough, the next day's foreign news reports on the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China exclaimed that the Chinese Air Force was dominated by "Mustang" fighter jets, with 26 aircraft dispatched in one day.
Zhu De, who has spent his life in the military, when he invited pilots to the National Day dinner, he toasted and drank, and excitedly told his subordinates: From today on, I am the real commander-in-chief of the armed forces!
National Days in Foreign Countries
Countries around the world determine National Days on various grounds. According to statistics, there are 35 countries in the world that use the time when the country was founded as its National Day. Countries such as Cuba and Cambodia celebrate the day they capture their capital as their National Day. Some countries regard Independence Day as their national holiday. On January 1, 1804, the Haitian people annihilated Napoleon's 60,000-strong expeditionary force and declared independence in Port-au-Prince. Since then, January 1 each year has been designated as National Day. The same is true for countries such as Mexico and Ghana. There are also some countries that use the anniversary of the armed uprising as their national day. July 14th is France’s Bastille Day. On this day in 1789, the people of Paris captured the Bastille, a symbol of feudal rule, and overthrew the monarchy. Some other countries regard major conference days as national holidays. The United States celebrates its National Day on July 4, 1776, when the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. Canada celebrates the day when the British Parliament passed the "Great Britain North America Act" on July 1, 1867 as its national holiday. There are also countries where the birthday of the head of state is the national day, such as Nepal, Thailand, Sweden, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium and other countries.
National Day is an important holiday in every country, but its name is different. Many countries call it "National Day" or "National Day", and some countries call it "Independence Day" or "Independence Day". "Day", "Liberation Day", "National Renaissance Day", "Constitution Day", etc., and some directly add "Day" to the name of the country, such as "Australia Day", "Pakistan Day", and some use the King's birthday. Or the enthronement day is the National Day. If the king changes, the specific date of the National Day will also be changed. Every National Day, various countries hold different forms of celebrations to enhance the patriotism of their people and enhance the cohesion of the country. Countries should also express congratulations to each other. National Days fall every five or ten days, and some even expand their celebrations.
To celebrate National Day, governments of various countries usually hold a National Day reception, hosted by the head of state, head of government or foreign minister, and invite envoys from various countries stationed there and other important foreign guests to participate. However, some countries do not hold receptions, such as the United States and the United Kingdom.
Couplets
The annual National Day is approaching. It’s time to reflect on the past and reflect on the past. There are some good couplets from the past and present that chant the National Day. Some of them praise the prosperity of the country, and some criticize the current ills. Yes, it is quite interesting to read.
On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded. The people sang and danced to celebrate the liberation and praised the birth of New China in the form of couplets:
Things change and stars move, thousands of miles of mountains and rivers disappear. Owned by the people;
With smiles on their faces, 500 million people *** wish the motherland a new life.
This couplet narrates the earth-shaking changes in the motherland and the joyful feelings of the people celebrating victory. The dialogue is steady and the lyrics are full of emotion.
Since the reform and opening up, the motherland has made remarkable achievements in modernization and people's lives have continued to improve. During the National Day in recent years, people like to use couplets to praise the party and the motherland. For example:
The people are prosperous and the country is strong, and we welcome the National Day with joy;
Shannanhaibei praises reform and sings and dances to praise the party's kindness.
Someone wrote a couplet saying:
The first couplet: The full moon in the blue sky chases the shadows of flowers, the dragon lanterns laugh and dance to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival
The second couplet: The country is strong and the people are prosperous, showing the power of the dragon , colorful flags fluttering to welcome the National Day