"Luo Shen Fu" is an outstanding work among Cao Zhi's poems. The author uses romanticism to describe the true love between humans and gods through the realm of dreams, but in the end they are melancholy and separated because of the inability to combine the "different ways of humans and gods". The following is an appreciation of his works, welcome to read:
Ode to the Goddess of Luo
Wei and Jin: Cao Zhi
In the third year of Huangchu, Yu went to the capital and returned to Luochuan. The ancients said that the god of Si water was named Mi Fei. Feeling about Song Yu's affair with the goddess of the king of Chu, he wrote this poem. The words are:
I came from the capital area and returned to the Eastern Fan. I carried Yique on my back, crossed the shackles, passed through Tonggu, and visited Lingjing Mountain. . The sun is tilting to the west, and the carriages and horses are in trouble. Er is a tax driver in Henggao, a horse in Zhitian, a Rongyu in Yanglin, and a wanderer in Luochuan. Then the spirit moved away and the mind was frightened, and suddenly the thoughts were scattered. If you look down, you won't notice it, but if you look up, you will get a special view. I saw a beautiful woman on the bank of a rock. He then came to the aid of the emperor and told him, "Do you have anyone who can compete with him? Who is that person, as beautiful as this?" The emperor said to him, "I have heard that the god of Heluo is called Mi Fei. However, what the king said See, is it true? What does it look like? I would like to hear about it."
I told him: Its shape is as graceful as a startling giant, graceful as a wandering dragon, shining like an autumn chrysanthemum, and luxuriant. Spring pine. It seems like the moon is covered by light clouds, and the fluttering snow is like the flowing wind. Looking at it from a distance, it is as bright as the sun rising. If you look at it forcefully, it's as bright as a flower emerging from Lubo. The slenderness is satisfied, and the length is shortened. If the shoulders are cut into shape, the waist will be as plain as expected. The neck is extended and the neck is beautiful, the luster is exposed, the fragrance is not added, and the lead is beautiful. Yunjiao'e, eyebrow shaping and joints, bright red lips on the outside, white teeth on the inside. Her eyes are bright, her eyes are good at gazing, her dimples support her power, her posture is gorgeous, her appearance is quiet and her body is leisurely. Tender and charming, charming in words. The costume is unique and unique, and the bone statue corresponds to the picture. The dazzling beauty of the robe, the splendor of Eryao and blue. Wear gold and green jewelry, embellished with pearls to dazzle your body. Practicing the literary shoes of traveling far away, dragging the light veil of mist and gauze. The faint fragrance of orchids is lingering in the corner of the mountain. So suddenly Yan jumped up and down, flying and having fun. It leans on Caiyan on the left, and shades Guiqi on the right. Go to the Marsh of God with your bright wrists, and gather the mysterious mushrooms in Turbulent Sea.
I am happy with its beauty, but my heart is shaking but not happy. Unscrupulous matchmakers use microwaves to communicate. I hope that Cheng Su will arrive first and untie the jade pendant to get it. The beautiful woman's faith is cultivated, and the Qiang learns etiquette and understands poetry. Anti-Qiongyao comes with peace, pointing to the abyss for a certain period of time. I hold on to the wealth of my family, but I am afraid that I will be bullied by Sling. Feeling grateful for the friendship, I abandoned my words, feeling hesitant and suspicious. Keep your face calm and calm, show your courtesy and guard yourself.
So Luo Ling was in a state of confusion, and he moved to Yiyi and hesitated. Divine light separates and combines, yin and yang. Song's light body stands like a crane, as if it were about to fly but has not yet soared. The Jianjiao is rich and strong, and the steps are thin and fragrant. The ultra-long chant is for eternal admiration, and the sound is mournful and long. You are all the spirits who are fleeing, and you are ordered to be a couple. Or play in Qingliu, or fly to Shenzhu. Either pick pearls or pick up green feathers. Two concubines from Nanxiang and a traveling girl from Hanbin. Sighing the incomparable melons, chanting the solitude of the morning glory. The light and thin grass is rising, and the shades are repairing the sleeves to extend the silence. The body is as fast as a flying duck, as erratic as a god. Lingbo steps slightly, and the socks are dusty. Movement is impermanent, if it is dangerous, it is safe. It’s a difficult time to advance and stop, just as you’re going, you’re going to come back. Turning around, the essence flows, and the jade face is smooth and smooth. He held his tongue without spitting out his words, and his breath was like a quiet orchid. The beauty and gracefulness made me forget to eat.
So the screen covered the wind, and the waves behind the Sichuan were quiet. Feng Yi plays the drum, and Nuwa sings. Tengwenyu rides as a police officer, and jade luan sings to pass away together. The six dragons are standing together, carrying the descendants of the cloud chariot. The whale salamander leaps and clamps its hub, and the waterfowl soar and guard. So he crossed over to Beijun, passed through Nangang, led Yu Su, and returned to Qingyang. He moved his red lips and spoke in Xu words, laying out the outline of the handover. The ways of hating people and gods are different, and resenting those who are in their prime are inappropriate. I resisted wearing my sleeves to cover my tears, and the tears flowed down my lapel. The memorial service will never end, and the mourning will pass away and be in a foreign land. There is no trace of affection to imitate love, and I offer the bright beauty of the south of the Yangtze River. Although he is latent in Taiyin, he always places his heart on the king. Suddenly he didn't realize what he had given up, and he was so sad that he blocked the light at night.
So I carried the mausoleum high on my back, enough to pay attention to the gods. Imagination of lingering feelings, looking at sorrow. He hoped that the spiritual body would regain its shape and go up in a light boat. Floating on the Changchuan River, I forget to return, thinking about it endlessly and growing in admiration. The night is dull and sleepless, and the sun comes to dawn with heavy frost. I ordered my servant to drive away, and I will return to the east road. He held the bridle to resist the policy, but he was lingering in despair and could not leave.
Appreciation of works:
Romantic color
Cao Zhi has outstanding achievements in the creation of poems and poems. His poems inherit the tradition of lyrical poems since the Han Dynasty, and also absorb The romantic spirit of Chu Ci opened up a new realm for the development of Ci Fu. "Luo Shen Fu" is an outstanding work among Cao Zhi's poems. The author uses romanticism to describe the true love between humans and gods through the realm of dreams, but in the end they are melancholy and separated because of the inability to combine the "different ways of humans and gods".
"The moon is fluttering like snow in the flowing wind." is a sentence to praise the beauty of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy.
Paragraph level
The whole "Luo Shen Fu" can be roughly divided into six paragraphs. When the author returned to the fiefdom from Luoyang, he saw the "beauty" Mi Fei standing on the cliff. , the "introduction" of this similar script. The second paragraph describes the beauty of "Mi Fei" Rongyi's clothing. In the third paragraph, "I" love Luo Shen very much. She is so good. She knows etiquette and is good at speaking. Although I have expressed my true feelings to her, given her tokens, and had a date, I am worried about being deceived and express my deep love. . The fourth paragraph describes Luo Shen's situation after feeling the sincerity of the "king". The following two sentences of the fifth paragraph, "The way to hate people and gods," are the meaning of this poem. The sixth paragraph describes "my" longing for Luo Shen after the farewell.
Outstanding features
Feature one, rich imagination. Imagine: He set off from the capital city of Luoyang and returned east to the fiefdom of Juancheng. On the way, at the edge of Luochuan, I stopped to drink my horse. While strolling in Yanglin, I saw Luo Shen Mi Fei. Her figure was swaying and erratic like a flying goose, and she was graceful and gentle like a dragon swimming in the water. She was more delicious and gorgeous than autumn. The chrysanthemums and luxuriant pine trees are as beautiful as the morning glow, pure as hibiscus, and unparalleled in their elegance. Later, he fell in love with her and sent her a jade pendant to express his love. However, her sacredness prevented him from making any mistakes. Luo Shen was finally moved by his true feelings, met him, and fell in love with him. But in the end, due to different paths between humans and gods, there was no hope of their union, and they said goodbye. The imagination is gorgeous, the romantic and sad feelings are indifferent, which makes people sigh and feel sad. But this imagination is not bizarre. It was inspired by Song Yu's two poems, "Ode to the Goddess" and "Ode to the High Tang Dynasty".
Characteristic two: the words are gorgeous but not impetuous, and the freshness is refreshing. Pay attention to pairing, dialogue, rhythm, and language to be neat, concise, vivid, and beautiful. The selection of materials and conception of Han Fu are unparalleled.
Characteristic three: vivid descriptions and characterizations, combined with metaphors and contrasts, and clever and appropriate intricate changes, giving people a sense of vastness but not irritation, beauty but not surprise, making people feel comfortable. It's like looking at a wonderful painting. The characters in it are flesh and blood, without making people feel a sense of emptiness. When describing Luo Shen's body shape, facial features, posture, etc., it conveys Luo Shen's appearance of sinking fish and falling wild goose. At the same time, there is the freshness and purity of "hibiscus comes out of clear water, and the carvings are naturally removed." The description and portrayal of Luo Shen's demeanor when meeting him makes people feel that this person appears in front of his eyes, graceful and graceful. As for Luo Shen's description of the breakup with him, "The screen shades closed the wind, the waves behind Sichuan were quiet, Feng Lai played the drum, and Nuwa sang clear songs." The sincerity and purity of love. Everything is so beautiful that after parting, people will remain in their hearts and their feelings will continue. The beautiful image of Luoshen and the scene when they met each other are still vivid in their minds. They are romantic and bitter, and their hearts are restless and wandering between Luoshui and can't bear to leave. .
Depression
There are three reasons for depression:
1. Humans and gods are different, and lovers cannot get married;
2. "Luo Shen" is his spiritual sustenance, but she can only exist in imagination, is difficult to find in reality, and is infinitely lost;
3. With this endowment, he not only has a close relationship with the emperor He was not destined for the position and was repeatedly persecuted by his brothers. He was helpless and felt sad and angry.
Artistic value
The predecessors have highly praised the ideological and artistic achievements of "Luo Shen Fu". The most obvious one is that it is often compared with Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" It is comparable to Song Yu's "Goddess" poems.
In fact, Cao Zhi's poem is a combination of both. It has the strong lyrical content of "The King of Xiang" and "Mrs. Xiang", and at the same time it has the exquisite depiction of female beauty in Song Yuyi's poem. In addition, its plot is complete, its techniques are varied, and its form is timeless, etc., which are beyond the reach of previous works. Therefore it has a very broad and far-reaching influence in history. The great calligrapher Wang Xianzhi and the great painter Gu Kaizhi of the Jin Dynasty both described the spirit and style of "Luo Shen Fu" in calligraphy and ink, adding rare masterpieces to the calligraphy and painting circles. In the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan and Ming dynasties, some playwrights put it on the stage. Wang Daokun's "Chen Si Wang Bei Sheng Luoshui" is one of the more famous ones. As for the writers of the past dynasties, there are even more countless writers who have used this theme as a theme and chanted it in poems and songs. It can be seen that the artistic charm of Cao Zhi's "Luo Shen Fu" is enduring.
Translation
In the third year of Huang Chu’s reign, I came to Kyoto for pilgrimage and returned to Luoshui. The ancients once said that the name of this water god was Mi Fei. I was inspired by what Song Yu said to the King of Chu about the goddess, so I wrote this poem. Fu Wen said:
I set out from Luoyang, the capital, and returned eastward to Juancheng, the fiefdom. I carried Yique on my back, crossed the shackles, passed through Tonggu, and climbed Jingshan Mountain. At this time, the sun was setting in the west, and the carriages and horses were exhausted. So I unloaded the cart on the bank covered with sedge grass and fed the horses in the field growing with sedge grass. I walked in Yanglin and looked at the vast Luochuan River. As a result, I felt in a trance and my thoughts drifted away. When he lowered his head, he didn't see anything. When he raised his head, he saw an unusual sight. He saw a beautiful woman standing beside the rock. I couldn't help but pulled the coachman beside me and said to him: "Have you seen that person? Who is that person? He is so gorgeous!" The coachman replied: "I heard that the name of the God of Heluo is Mi Fei, but now the king Could it be that what I saw was her! I really want to know what her shape is."
I told him: Her figure is as graceful as a flying geese, and as graceful as a swimming dragon. . Her face is as radiant as a chrysanthemum in the autumn sun, and her body is as lush as a green pine in the spring breeze. She disappears and appears like light clouds enveloping the moon, floating and erratic like the returning wind and swirling snow. Looking from a distance, it is as bright and clear as the rising sun rising in the morning glow; looking from a close distance, it is as bright and bright as a new lotus blooming among the green waves. Her figure is moderate, her height is well proportioned, her shoulders are as narrow as a shave, her waist is as thin as a bundle, and her beautiful neck reveals her fair skin. Neither grease nor powder is applied, her hair is as high as a cloud, her long eyebrows are curved and slender, her red lips are fresh and moist, her teeth are white, she has a pair of shining eyes that are good at looking at her, and there are two sweet dimples under her cheeks. Her posture is elegant and charming, her behavior is gentle and demure, her mood is soft and gentle, and her words are appropriate and pleasant. The costumes of the Luo Shen are extremely gorgeous, and their character and appearance are the same as those in the picture. She was dressed in bright robes and had exquisite jade ornaments. Wearing gold, silver and jade jewelry, it is decorated with shining pearls all over. She was wearing patterned traveling shoes, dragging her mist-like skirt, which faintly exuded the fragrance of orchids, wandering around the mountainside. Suddenly, he moved lightly again, walking and playing, leaning on a colorful tree on his left and shaded by a laurel flag on his right. He stretched out his bare hands on the river beach to pick the black mushrooms beside the water.
I fell in love with her beauty, and I felt uneasy and swaying in my heart. Because there is no suitable matchmaker to intercede, the only way to convey the words is through microwaves. Hoping that my sincere feelings could be expressed before others, I took off my jade pendant and extended an invitation to her. It's a pity that the beauty is really beautiful, both polite and eloquent. She answered me while holding up the jade, and pointed to the deep water in anticipation. I cherish the sincerity of love, but I am afraid of being deceived by this goddess. Because he felt that Zheng Jiaofu once encountered a goddess who broke her promise, he felt melancholy, hesitation and hesitation in his heart, so he calmed down his face and maintained himself with etiquette and justice.
At this time, Luo Shen was deeply moved and wandered low. The divine light came and went, flickering on and off. She raised her light body like a towering crane, as if she was about to fly but had not yet soared; and she walked on a path filled with the strong fragrance of peppercorns, walking through the Du Heng grass, causing the fragrance to flow. Suddenly, he let out a long sigh to express his deep yearning, and his voice was sad and long. So the gods came together in great numbers, chatting with each other. Some were playing in the clear water, some were flying in the magical Xiaozhu, some were collecting pearls, and some were picking up the feathers of kingfishers. Next to Luo Shen were Emperor E and Nv Ying, the second concubine of Nanxiang. She held the God of the Han River in her arms, sighing for the absence of Couple and mourning for the solitude of Altair.
Sometimes he raises his top that is fluttering in the wind, uses his long sleeves to block the light and looks into the distance, and stands there for a long time; sometimes his body is as light and agile as a flying duck, wandering erratically. She walked on the water waves, and the water splashed by her stockings was like dust. Her movements are irregular, like crisis and ease; her progress and retreat are unpredictable, like leaving and returning. Her eyes were shining brightly, her face was radiant, and her breath was as fragrant as orchid before she even spoke. Her graceful and graceful figure made me forget about the food and tea.
At this time, Fengshen Pingyi restrained the evening wind, Shuishenchuan calmed down the waves, Feng Yi beat the divine drum, and Nuwa sang a clear voice. The flying Manyu guarded the Luo Shen's carriage, and the gods left together with the jingling Jade Luan. The six dragons marched together, driving the cloud chariots forward calmly. Whale salamanders leaped on both sides of the car, and waterfowl flew around to protect them. As the car passed the sandbank in the north and crossed the hills in the south, Luo Shen rolled her white neck, looked back at her delicate brows, opened her red lips slightly, and slowly recounted the outline of the exchange. I just resent that humans and gods are different, and although they are both in their prime, they cannot get what they want. As he spoke, he couldn't help but raise his sleeves to cover his face and cry. His tears wet his clothes. He mourned and joyfully met forever. Now that he was in two different places, he never expressed his love with any tenderness. My heart can only be given as a permanent memorial. Although I am deep in Taiyin, I always miss the king. After Luo Shen finished speaking, he suddenly disappeared. I felt deeply saddened by the sudden disappearance of all the spirits and their brilliance.
So I abandoned my humble position and climbed up. Although my steps moved, my mind remained where I was. With lingering emotions, I often imagine the meeting scene and the appearance of Luo Shen; looking back, I feel even more melancholy. Full of hope that Luo Shen would appear again, he desperately drove his boat upstream. While sailing on the long Luoshui River, I even forgot to return, but my longing for her continued and grew stronger and stronger, so much so that I could not calm down and fall asleep all night long, and my body was covered with thick frost until dawn. I had no choice but to order my servant to prepare my horse and carriage, and set out on the road back eastward. But when I held the horse's reins in hand and raised my whip, I felt lost, lingering and attached, unable to leave.