Zhaoyun began to follow Gongsun Zan's conquest, and later took refuge in Liu Bei to protect Liu Chan and Mrs. Gan from the fierce fighting in Osaka. When Liu Bei was on the Western Expedition, Zhao Yun stopped the river and took back Liu Chan, the late ruler. Later, Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and others went up the river and attacked Jiangyang and Zizhong, completing the siege of southwest Chengdu. [。 In the sixth year of lite, Zhao Yun followed Zhuge Liang in the Northern Expedition, and was defeated by Cao Zhen in the battle of Gu Jie because of the disparity in strength. After the war, Zhao Yun asked to laugh at himself. After seven years of Jianxing, he died, and was later chased as Shunping Hou.
Zhao Yun is honest and clean, and dares to remonstrate. He once urged Liu Bei to return the land he intended to give to the hero to the people. Before Liu Bei attacked Wu, he advised Liu Bei not to hate the rich, but to attack Wei. In his obituary, he emphasized that he was a saint, compassionate and loved the people. Its upright character is still praised by people today.
These idioms, such as "death as death", "riding alone as a savior" and "being brave", all come from Zhao Yun's personal deeds.
Shu Han chased Zhao Yun's obituary-"General Jiang Wei and others argued that Yun Chang learned the first emperor, made outstanding contributions, governed the world, observed statutes and made remarkable achievements. In the battle of Dangyang, loyalty to stone, loyalty to health, respect for reward, respect for the bottom, and forgetting to die. The deceased knows enough to be immortal; The living are grateful for death. According to the law, gentle and virtuous, kind and obedient, the deacon said, class level, disaster level. It should be said that it is smooth and smooth. "
Zhang Fei
184, the yellow turban insurrectionary, Liu Bei organized volunteers to fight against the yellow turban insurrectionary army in Zhuoxian county, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were among them. Three people are like brothers. When Liu Bei sat down, they often took pains to accompany and take care of him, sometimes sitting for most of the day. After Liu Bei was transferred to many posts, he defected to his former classmate Gongsun Zan, and Liu Bei was named Ping Yuanjun. At that time, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were appointed as other horses, belonging to different ministries.
1June, 1997, Cao Cao defeated Lu Bu and became a corps commander. Later, Liu Bei followed Yuan Shao and Liu Biao, and finally stationed in Xinye. A few years later, Liu Biao died and Cao Cao went south. Liu Bei abandoned Xinye and fled by Lu Lunan. Cao Cao sent people to chase him for a day and a night. On Dangyang Bridge, Liu Bei abandoned his wife and fled first. After Zhang Fei led twenty riders to refuse, Zhang Fei broke the bridge and stood by the river, shouting, "I am Zhang Yide, but have I come to die?" After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei captured Jingnan, appointed Zhang Fei as the prefect and general Lu, appointed Xin, and then transferred to Nanjun.
Later, Liu Beijin entered Yizhou and soon turned against Liu Zhang. In 2 13, Zhang Fei, Zhuge Liang, Zhao Yun and others led Jingzhou soldiers into Shu to reinforce them. When I arrived in Jiangzhou, I met Yan Yan, the general of Liu Zhang. Yan Yan was captured alive by Zhang Fei, who was moved by Yan Yan's bravery and unyielding, and was listed as a guest by Zhang Fei. The army continued to divide the counties, and then advanced into Chengdu to meet Liu Bei. When Liu Bei became the Lord of Shu, he gave Zhang Fei 500 Jin of gold, 50 million Jin of silver 1000, and 50 million yuan of brocade 1000 horses.
In 2 18, after Cao Cao defeated Zhang Lu, Cao Ying's famous Zhang He led his army into the northeast of Yizhou, which, although belonging to Yizhou, has always been the territory of Zhang Lu. Liu Bei then appointed Zhang Fei as the Brazilian satrap and sent troops to fight against it. The two armies confronted each other for more than 50 days. Later, Zhang Fei led more than 10 thousand elite soldiers and invited Zhang to fight. Because of the narrow mountain road, Zhang He was defeated, abandoned his horse and climbed back to Nanzheng with more than ten people. This battle not only expanded Liu Bei's territory, but also kept the gateway of Shu, which turned Yizhou into safety. Zhang Fei immediately took part in the war against Hanzhong. In 2 19, Liu Bei was called the king of Hanzhong and worshipped Zhang Fei as the right general. Soon, Guan Yu was killed by Sun Quan.
22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, Zhang Fei moved to be a general riding a chariot, and led a captain of the first division, who was the Hou of Xixiang. In the same year, Liu Bei claimed that Guan Yu took revenge and marched to Wu Dong. Zhang Fei is preparing to send troops to join forces with Jiangzhou in Langzhong. When he was ready to leave, he was murdered by his generals Zhang Da and Fan Qiang (Fan Jiang in the romance) and even gave his head to Sun Quan. Liu Bei heard that Zhang Fei had a good watch and shouted, "Hey! Fly to death. " Liu Chan, the late ruler, was posthumously dubbed the Duke of Huan.
Its trunk was buried in Langzhong, and its head was buried in Yunyang, with Zhanghuan Houdian and Zhanghuan Houdian respectively.
trait
Zhang Fei was very brave. He once led twenty cavalry to scare off Cao Jun in Changbanpo. Besides, his calligraphy is good and he is good at drawing beautiful women. Today, there are still his Mo Bao and portraits left. Zhang Fei is very polite to learned people. For example, when Liu Ba just came down, Zhang Fei immediately visited his home, but Liu Ba didn't say a word to him. Although Zhang Fei was angry, he didn't complain. Zhang Fei also cherishes heroes and attaches importance to them. For example, when Yan Yan was arrested, Yan Yan would rather die than surrender. Zhang Fei respects him as a person and accepts Yan Yan as a general.
But Zhang Fei has a bad temper and is very strict with soldiers. Liu Bei often advised Zhang Fei: "Punishment in the Qing Dynasty is too bad, but it is also a way to eliminate disasters." But Zhang Fei wouldn't listen. Sure enough, Zhang Fei died at his hands.
Huang Zhong
184, the yellow turban insurrectionary, Liu Bei organized volunteers to fight against the yellow turban insurrectionary army in Zhuoxian county, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were among them. Three people are like brothers. When Liu Bei sat down, they often took pains to accompany and take care of him, sometimes sitting for most of the day. After Liu Bei was transferred to many posts, he defected to his former classmate Gongsun Zan, and Liu Bei was named Ping Yuanjun. At that time, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were appointed as other horses, belonging to different ministries.
1June, 1997, Cao Cao defeated Lu Bu and became a corps commander. Later, Liu Bei followed Yuan Shao and Liu Biao, and finally stationed in Xinye. A few years later, Liu Biao died and Cao Cao went south. Liu Bei abandoned Xinye and fled by Lu Lunan. Cao Cao sent people to chase him for a day and a night. On Dangyang Bridge, Liu Bei abandoned his wife and fled first. After Zhang Fei led twenty riders to refuse, Zhang Fei broke the bridge and stood by the river, shouting, "I am Zhang Yide, but have I come to die?" After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei captured Jingnan, appointed Zhang Fei as the prefect and general Lu, appointed Xin, and then transferred to Nanjun.
Later, Liu Beijin entered Yizhou and soon turned against Liu Zhang. In 2 13, Zhang Fei, Zhuge Liang, Zhao Yun and others led Jingzhou soldiers into Shu to reinforce them. When I arrived in Jiangzhou, I met Yan Yan, the general of Liu Zhang. Yan Yan was captured alive by Zhang Fei, who was moved by Yan Yan's bravery and unyielding, and was listed as a guest by Zhang Fei. The army continued to divide the counties, and then advanced into Chengdu to meet Liu Bei. When Liu Bei became the Lord of Shu, he gave Zhang Fei 500 Jin of gold, 50 million Jin of silver 1000, and 50 million yuan of brocade 1000 horses.
In 2 18, after Cao Cao defeated Zhang Lu, Cao Ying's famous Zhang He led his army into the northeast of Yizhou, which, although belonging to Yizhou, has always been the territory of Zhang Lu. Liu Bei then appointed Zhang Fei as the Brazilian satrap and sent troops to fight against it. The two armies confronted each other for more than 50 days. Later, Zhang Fei led more than 10 thousand elite soldiers and invited Zhang to fight. Because of the narrow mountain road, Zhang He was defeated, abandoned his horse and climbed back to Nanzheng with more than ten people. This battle not only expanded Liu Bei's territory, but also kept the gateway of Shu, which turned Yizhou into safety. Zhang Fei immediately took part in the war against Hanzhong. In 2 19, Liu Bei was called the king of Hanzhong and worshipped Zhang Fei as the right general. Soon, Guan Yu was killed by Sun Quan.
22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, Zhang Fei moved to be a general riding a chariot, and led a captain of the first division, who was the Hou of Xixiang. In the same year, Liu Bei claimed that Guan Yu took revenge and marched to Wu Dong. Zhang Fei is preparing to send troops to join forces with Jiangzhou in Langzhong. When he was ready to leave, he was murdered by his generals Zhang Da and Fan Qiang (Fan Jiang in the romance) and even gave his head to Sun Quan. Liu Bei heard that Zhang Fei had a good watch and shouted, "Hey! Fly to death. " Liu Chan, the late ruler, was posthumously dubbed the Duke of Huan.
Its trunk was buried in Langzhong, and its head was buried in Yunyang, with Zhanghuan Houdian and Zhanghuan Houdian respectively.
trait
Zhang Fei was very brave. He once led twenty cavalry to scare off Cao Jun in Changbanpo. Besides, his calligraphy is good and he is good at drawing beautiful women. Today, there are still his Mo Bao and portraits left. Zhang Fei is very polite to learned people. For example, when Liu Ba just came down, Zhang Fei immediately visited his home, but Liu Ba didn't say a word to him. Although Zhang Fei was angry, he didn't complain. Zhang Fei also cherishes heroes and attaches importance to them. For example, when Yan Yan was arrested, Yan Yan would rather die than surrender. Zhang Fei respects him as a person and accepts Yan Yan as a general.
But Zhang Fei has a bad temper and is very strict with soldiers. Liu Bei often advised Zhang Fei: "Punishment in the Qing Dynasty is too bad, but it is also a way to eliminate disasters." But Zhang Fei wouldn't listen. Sure enough, Zhang Fei died at his hands.
Ma Chao
Ma Chao was the son of Ma Teng, a general who was seeking the west at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Marten was born in Ma Yuan and was a general of Han Fu Bo. His father was from Emperor Huan, and he was a county commandant in Gan Lan, Tianshui. Later, he lost his official position and lived in Longxi, where he lived with the Qiang people. He married a woman in A Qiang and gave birth to Marten. When Marten was a child, his family was poor, and he made a living by cutting and selling firewood. He is eight feet long, unique in physique and noble in character, and is respected by many people. Ma Chao lived in Qiang area since childhood, so he should be A Qiang.
In the last years of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, Marten, Han Sui, Bian Zhang and others fought in Xizhou. When Dong Zhuo entered the customs, he advised Marten and Han Sui to * * * map Shandong. So, in the third year of Chuping (192), Han Sui and Marten led the troops to Chang 'an. After the death of Dong Zhuo, Cui Li appointed Han Sui as the general of Zhenxi, sent him back to Jincheng, appointed Marten as the general of the Western Expedition, and sent him to Yan County. After Marten and Han Sui tried to attack Chang 'an, Cui Li was killed and defeated and returned to Liangzhou.
Zhong You, a senior official of the official department, was guarding Guanzhong. He wrote to Marten and Han Sui, telling them that they had unfortunately separated their interests. Marten sent his eldest son, Ma Chao, to Pingyang with Zhong You to crusade against Guoyuan and Gao Qian, and Ma Chao personally beheaded Guoyuan with Pound. Ma Chao was shot dead by an arrow in the battle. He wrapped his injured foot in a cloth bag and continued to fight, making a name for the three armed forces. After the war, he was appointed as the secretariat of Xuzhou, and later served as the imperial doctor.
Marten and Han Sui are closely related. But over time, bad blood grew, and they turned against each other and attacked each other for many years. After persuasion, the two reconciled.
In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), the court transferred Marten back to the capital, appointed him as Qiu, appointed Ma Chao as a partial general, made the capital Hou Ting, and put him in charge of Marten's army. After Ma Chao unified the army, he joined forces with Han Sui. Ma Chao moved to the Kansai region and won the support of the local Qiang people.
In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), in March, Cao Cao sent a captain Zhong You to crusade against Zhang Lu, and sent the Western Imperial Army to join forces with Zhong You in the summer. This threatened the existence and development of Ma Chaobu.
When the generals in Guanzhong saw that Cao Cao had left Guanzhong to conquer Zhang Lu, they suspected that his purpose was not for Zhang Lu, but to attack the enemy at a dangerous time. Therefore, ten departments are opposed, and hundreds of thousands of people are stationed in Tongguan. These ten films include Ma Chao, Han Sui, Hou Xuan, Yin Cheng, Yang Qiu, Li Kan, Zhang Heng, Liang Xing, Cheng Yi and Ma Wan. Cao Cao sent Cao Ren, the general of Anxi, to lead the troops to resist, and said to the generals, "Kansai soldiers are lean and tough, so don't fight" (The History of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Wei, Wu Di Ji). In July of the same year, Cao Cao personally led the troops to attack Ma Chao and others (see the battle of Weinan). In August, soldiers arrived in Tongguan.
Cao Cao is talking to Han Sui and Ma Chao alone. Ma Chao dared to catch Cao Cao, but at the sight of Chu Xu, he hesitated and dared not move. Cao Cao sent Huang Xu and Zhu Ling with 4,000 soldiers to cross the Yellow River from Pubanjin (now the Yellow River ferry between Yongji, Shanxi and Chaoyi, Dali, Shaanxi) and cut off Ma Chao's retreat from Hexi. Then, Cao Cao arranged ships and rafts to lead an army through Hebei. Ma Chao said to Han Sui, "We should station troops on the north shore in advance to stop Cao Bing from crossing the river. However, when the grain in the east of the river runs out on the 20th, Cao Cao and his men will flee. " Han Sui said, "We can let them cross the river. Sun Tzu's Art of War says, "Soldiers can attack halfway." Wouldn't it be nice if we attacked them from the south bank when they were halfway through? "D's plan has not been implemented. Cao Cao later learned about it and sighed, "I have no place to bury the horse when it dies." "
In the seventeenth year of Jian 'an (2 12), the Han court issued a letter to kill Marten and destroy his three clans. When Cao Cao withdrew, yangfu advised him. Yangfu said, "You have courage and faith (Han Xin) and cloth (Ying Bu), which won the heart of Hu Qiang. If you return to the army, you will not be prepared strictly, and the counties in Longshang will not belong to the state (biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Ma Chao). Soon after Cao Cao's return to the East, Ma Chao really made a comeback, leading Qiang people and conference semifinals to attack Longxi, and all counties rose up in response. Only Wei Kangjian, the secretariat of Liangzhou, stayed in Ji Cheng (now Gangu East, Gansu).
In the eighteenth year of Jian 'an (265,438+03), Ma Chao won the ministries of Longxi, and with the help of reinforcements led by General Yang Ang sent by Zhang Lu, he concentrated more than 65,438+00,000 people to attack Ji Cheng. Ma Chaojun besieged Ji Cheng heavily, and from the first month to August, the imperial reinforcements didn't come. Weikang sent out of the city to go to Xia, who was stationed in Chang 'an (now northwest of Xi 'an, Shaanxi). Yan Wen dived into the water at night. The next day, Ma Chao's soldiers found water and caught Yan Wen.
Ma Chao took Yan Wen to the outside of Hebei, and told him to shout to the city that there were no reinforcements in the east, so as to break the morale of the defenders in the city. However, Yan Wen's loud reinforcements will only arrive in three days, so please do your best to defend the city. Ma Chao was furious, but because Ji Cheng could not attack for a long time, he slowly persuaded Yan Wen to change his mind. Yan Wen said, "The courtiers are in charge of the monarch, and they are just dead, so they have no second thoughts. But you asked me to say unjust things and be an unjust person. You'd better die! " Ma Chao had to kill Yan Wen.
Guarding city people had no hope of waiting for rescue, so Wei Kang, the secretariat and the satrap surrendered to Ma Chaoxian despite yangfu's dissuasion. After Ma Chao entered the city, he killed Weikang and Taishou, calling himself General Xi and Liangzhou Pastor, and was in charge of the military and political power in Liangzhou area. Cao Cao ordered Xia to lead an army to rescue him, only to find that he had fallen into the hands of Ma Chao. When reinforcements arrived more than 200 miles away from Ji City, Ma Chaojun went out of the city to meet them, and Xia Houyuan's army was defeated. At this time, another Miao leader rose from Xingguo (now northeast of Qin 'an, Gansu) and responded to Ma Chao. Xia was afraid of being attacked between Scylla and Charybdis, so he withdrew with a great army.
Yangfu, a former official, was dissatisfied with Ma Chao's cruelty, so he held a funeral for his wife and ran away. He went to his cousin Jiang Xu, who was stationed in Licheng (now northwest Gansu), to persuade him to eradicate Ma Chao with his own army and avenge Wei Kang and others. Jiang Xu also contacted Zhao Ang, Yin Feng, Li Jun and others to discuss the strategy against Ma Chao in secret. First, they sent people to sneak into Ji Cheng, secretly making friends with Liang Kuan and Zhao Qu, so as to become insiders in the city. In September, yangfu and Jiang Xu led the troops to attack Lucheng (now Lixian County, Gansu Province), and Zhao Ang and Yin Fengjin occupied Qishan City (now west and northeast of Gansu Province). Ma Chao flew into a rage after hearing the news. Zhao Qu took the opportunity to deliberately encourage Ma Chao to go out of the city to attack himself. As soon as Ma Chao left the city, Zhao Qu and Liang Kuan immediately closed the gate and killed Ma Chao's wife and children. Ma Chao was in a dilemma, so he raided Licheng and killed Jiang Xu's mother and Zhao Ang's son Yue Zhao. Yangfu led a decisive battle with Ma Chao, who suffered five serious injuries, and finally defeated Ma Chao, who went south to Hanzhong Zhang Lu. After this battle, Ma Chao's separatist forces were eliminated.
In the spring of the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), Ma Chao made a comeback with the support of Zhang Lu, captured Liangzhou and surrounded Qishan (now western and northeastern Gansu). Yangfu and Jiang Xu ask Xia, the general guarding Chang 'an, for help. Some people say that Cao Cao's approval is required before reinforcements can be sent. Xia believes that Cao Cao is far away in Yecheng and travels thousands of miles back and forth. If you ask for instructions, it will inevitably delay the fighter. So, he made a decisive decision and immediately sent troops to rescue Qishan, ordering general Zhang He to lead 5000 cavalry as a pioneer. The reinforcements defeated Ma Chaojun together with Jiang Xu's defenders. Ma Chao was defeated, retreated to Hanzhong and attached himself to Zhang Lu. Zhang Lu appointed him toast and wanted to marry his daughter. Some people dissuaded him, thinking that Ma Chao's wife suffered a tragic accident, which was all caused by Ma Chao. He can't love her, so how can he love her? Zhang Lu just gave up.
When Ma Chao didn't fight Cao Cao, his concubine brother was Zhong Zhong, who stayed in Sanfu. Ma Chao lost, and the seeds were planted in Hanzhong first. Zheng Dan, a birthday of Ma Chao. Ma Chao beat his chest and vomited blood, saying, "A family of 100 died on the same day. Now there are only two of me left, congratulations! "
Ma Chao saw that it was difficult for Zhang Lu to achieve great things, and he was jealous of Zhang Ang, and his heart was depressed. When Liu Beizheng besieged Chengdu (see Yizhou Battle), the days continued. After learning about Ma Chao, he sent Li Hui and Adu from Jiangning to persuade him. Ma Chao fled Wudu and wrote a secret letter to Liu Bei.
Liu Bei was so happy that he sent someone to see Ma Chao, told him to stop first, and secretly allocated a lot of soldiers to him to increase his military strength. Then, he was ordered to lead the troops to the gate of Chengdu and stationed in the north of the city, where the earthquake was terrible. In less than ten days, he was frightened by Ma Chao's prestige, opened the north gate and surrendered to Liu Bei. Liu Bei appointed Ma Chao as the current general and governor of Linshu, and made him follow Cao Cao's title as the capital.
Liu Bei promoted the king of Hanzhong, appointed Ma Chao as the right general, and rewarded Jeff. In the first year of Zhangwu (22 1), Ma Chao was promoted to a title of generals in ancient times, led Liangzhou as a shepherd, and entered Gu Feng Township. Zhao said, "I am supreme with virtue and flatter the ancestral temple. Cao Cao and his son, God download their sins, and I use them miserably and painfully. Resentment in the sea, both positive and negative, led the service at the same time with Di and Qiang, eager for justice. Believe in the north soil, be strong and clear, give it a promise, fight tigers, take Dong Wan Li as a teacher, and win the hearts of the people. Its bright, far-sighted, careful reward and punishment, learn from Han, to the world "("biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Ma Chao ").
In the second year of Zhangwu (222), Ma Chao died at the age of 47. Before he died, Ma Chao wrote to Liu Bei: "There were more than 200 ministers, and Meng De did a little punishment. Only by following in the footsteps of my younger brother can I deeply trust your majesty, and I have nothing to say "(biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Ma Chao). Liu Bei chased Ma Chaowei, and his son Ma Wei. Ma Dai went to Pingbei General after his post, and he was promoted to Chen Canghou.
Guan Yu
Guan Yu (162? -220), born in Yan Xi period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, has a long word and a long life. He was the lover of Hedong (now Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province). Famous soldiers of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms period. After his death, he was revered by the people and praised by the court. He was honored as Guan and also called Bodhisattva by Buddhism. The famous soldier of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period. He was honored as a "warrior sage" by later rulers, and was nicknamed "Wen Sheng" along with Confucius. Later generations have poems praising Guan Yu:
Only the end of the Han Dynasty was invincible, and Yunchang stood out.
Shenwei can be brave, and elegance knows more about literature.
The sun is like a mirror, and the clouds are thin in spring and autumn.
Obviously, it will last forever, not just three points.
Guan Yu's life story was not clear before. Until the Kangxi period in the early Qing Dynasty, Dani, the king of Xiezhou, dug up the tomb brick of Guan Yu while repairing the ancient well. It is engraved with the inscriptions of Guan Yuzu and his father, the date of birth and death, etc. And the information is more detailed, and there is a slight mention of Guan Yu's family situation. So, he wrote the tombstone of Guan Houzu. According to the written records on the tomb brick, Guan Jia is actually a family of literati. Guan Yu's grandfather called Guan Yu and asked him. Born in Geng Yin in the second year of Han Yongyuan, he lived in Baochi, Pingcun, the governor. According to records, he is "good at admiring" and often admonishes his son with Yi and Chunqiu. Ding You died in the second year of Emperor Huan's eternal life at the age of 68. Feather father Guan Yi still has a long way to go. After his father was tried, Xiaowen built a house and mourned on the tomb for three years. Apart from mourning, Guan Yu was born on June 24th in the third year of Yan Xi. When he grew up, he married Hu, and Lingdi was born in Guanping on May 13th, the first year of Wuwu.
Guan Yu met the Eastern Han government in Zhuoxian County (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province) to mobilize local landlords to organize armed forces and suppress the Yellow Scarf Uprising. Here, he met Liu Bei (Liu Bei claimed to be the descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Sun Yat-sen Jing, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) and Zhang Fei, who were like-minded, fell in love at first sight and were extremely friendly and close as brothers. According to legend, Liu, Guan and Zhang became sworn friends in Taoyuan. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms expressed their vows: "Although we are brothers with different surnames, we should work together to help the poor; Serve the country, go to peace and prosperity, don't want to be born on the same day in the same year, just want to die on the same day in the same year. " Although this is a novelist's statement, it has great influence, because it conforms to the mentality of the middle and lower classes in an era of frequent turmoil. Many peasant uprisings in later generations followed the example of swearing in the teacher's righteousness to consolidate the ranks and strengthen unity. The three men organized an armed force and took part in the attack on the peasant rebels. Guan Yu also began his military career. From the first year of Zhong Ping (184) to his death, Guan Yu always faithfully followed Liu Bei, "walking with him and avoiding difficulties and obstacles" (The Story of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Guan Yu).
Liu Bei rose up and took part in suppressing the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei acted as his guards and were his right-hand men. In the first year of Jian 'an (185), Liu, Guan and Zhang took the newly organized army to Zou Jing's home. The Yellow Scarf Army fought in Zhuo Jun, cooperated with the officers and men to resist, and won the first battle, which made great contributions. So they left Zhuo Jun and came to Lu Zhi, the corps commander who besieged the leader of the Yellow turban insurrectionary uprising. After arriving in Guangzong, they decided to return to Zhuo Jun because Lu Zhi was framed and sent back to the capital. On my way home, I met Zhang Jiao, the god of the Yellow Scarf Army, who was chasing Lu Zhi's successor Dong Zhuo. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei led a team to kill the Yellow Scarf Army and save Dong Zhuo. Later, Liu Bei defected to Gongsun Zan, a warlord in Youzhou. Because of repeated military exploits, he was appointed commander-in-chief of Pingyuan, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were appointed as Sima of the other department, with different branches. The three of them are still "sleeping in the same bed, as close as brothers" (The Story of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Guan Yu Biography), and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stand beside Liu Bei all day to protect Liu Bei.
In the first year of Jian 'an (195), after Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to move to Xuchang (now Xu Changdong, Henan), he took charge of military and political affairs, and the emperor became a puppet. In the third year of Jian 'an (AD 198), Liu Bei was defeated by Lu Bu and took refuge in Cao Cao. Cao Cao praised him as the left general, worshiped Guan Yu as the corps commander (second only to the general's military attache), and Dong Cheng, a chariot-riding general, accepted the imperial edict and plotted with Liu Bei, a captain of Changshui, and General Wu and Wang Fu to get rid of Cao Cao.
In the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Liu Bei was afraid of Cao Cao's suspicion and wanted to leave Cao Cao's control. Yuan Shu, the right general, was defeated and volunteered to intercept with Zhu Ling, the general. Cao Cao's advisers Cheng Yu, Guo Jia and Dong Zhao thought that Liu Bei with ulterior motives should not be released. Cao Cao immediately sent someone to chase him, but the result was not satisfactory. Yuan Shunan fled Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), and Zhu Ling moved troops back to Korea. In December, Liu Bei killed Che Zhou, the secretariat of Xuzhou, took Guan Yu as the agent and sent Pi (now northwest of Suining, Jiangsu) as the satrap. He stationed troops and recruited troops to expand his strength, echoing the anti-Cao forces in the DPRK. Chang (now Tancheng, Jiangsu Province), the leader of the East China Sea Rebel Army, and other neighboring counties have surrendered to Liu Bei. Liu Bei's army soon grew to tens of thousands, and he sent messengers to form an alliance with Yuan Shao, which posed a serious threat to Cao Cao. And defeated Sima Changshi Liu Dai and corps commander Zhong Wang who came to crusade, and temporarily obtained Xuzhou and Xiapi as bases for rest and development.
In the first month of the fifth year of Jian 'an (200), the plan to assassinate Cao Cao by General Dong Cheng and others was leaked, and Dong Cheng, Wang Fu and Zhong You were all slaughtered, but Liu Bei, who participated in the plot, escaped and became more and more powerful. Cao Cao personally conquered Liu Bei, and Liu Bei was shocked to learn that Cao Cao was coming. He rode out of the city and took dozens of heads to observe. Sure enough, he saw the flag of Cao Jun and had to fight in a hurry. He was defeated by Cao Jun and Liu Bei's wife was captured. Cao Cao then captured Pi and forced Guan Yu to land. Liu Bei fled to Yecheng (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei Province) and defected to Yuan Shao.
Cao Cao praised Guan Yu as a man and worshipped him as a partial general. He is very polite. But he soon realized that Guan Yu was not practical and had no intention of staying long, so he said to Zhang Liao, who had a good relationship with Guan Yu, "Please ask him with feelings as much as possible." . Zhang Liao went to ask Guan Yu, and Guan Yu sighed, "I know very well that Tsao Gong has always been very kind to me, but I was sworn to death by General Liu's great kindness, and I can't carry it back. I won't stay until the end, I will effectively report Tsao Gong's departure "("The History of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu, Guan Yu Chuan "). Zhang Liao told Cao Cao about Guan Yu's remarks. When Cao Cao heard about it, he didn't resent Guan Yu, but thought he was kind and valued him more.
In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200 years), the battle of Guandu broke out. In February, Yuan Shao, a priest in Jizhou, mobilized more than 100,000 troops and marched into Liyang (now northeast of hua county, Henan Province) to conquer Cao Cao, and sent general Yan Liang to surround the white horse and attack the satrap to ensure that the main force crossed the river south. Ada is in urgent need of help. In April, Cao Cao rescued Ada from the north and relieved the flank threat. Counselor Xun You suggested, "Since the serenade was defeated, it is possible to divide its potential. When you go, if you are in the rear, Shao will respond to it in the west, and then tap the white horse to cover it up. Yan Liang can also be a bird (Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Wei Shuwu), and Cao Cao followed his plan. When Yuan Shao heard that Cao Bing was going to cross the river, he split his troops and marched west to Yanjin. When Cao Cao took the opportunity to lead the troops into Baima, which was more than 0/0 away from Baima/Kloc-0, Yan Liang was frightened and hurried to battle. Cao Cao sent Zhang Liao and Guan Yu as pioneers. Guan Yu jumped to the front of the horse and saw Yan Liang's cover from a distance (the general was in a chariot and there was a covered building). He went straight for it, stabbed Yan Liang to death in the crowd, cut off his head, and then came back. Yuan Shao's generals are all "incompetent" (biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Guan Yu). Cao Cao ordered the army to kill, and Yuan Jun was defeated and dispersed, thus solving the siege of the White Horse.
Cao Cao praised Guan Yu for his bravery, rewarded him and named him Hanshou Hou Ting (Hanshou, place name; Hou Ting, marquis). After Guan Yu killed Yan Liang, Cao Cao knew he would go, so he rewarded him. Guan Yu sealed up all the rewards that Cao Cao gave him many times, hung the seal of Hanshou Hou Ting in his class, wrote a farewell letter to Cao Cao, protected Liu Bei's family, and left Cao Ying to look for Liu Bei in Yuan Shao's army. When Cao Cao's soldiers heard about it, they all wanted to catch up. Cao Cao dissuaded them from saying, "Let's do our own things, so don't catch up" (Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu and Liu Guanyu).
From Guan Yu's capture and meritorious service to Cao Cao's return to Liu Bei, this experience has been passed down from mouth to mouth and spread widely. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has formed a colorful story unit, including three things about Guan Gong's detention of Tu Shan (not Cao, but Han); Treat yisow with courtesy; I will resign as soon as I know the whereabouts of Liu Bei. Cao Cao treated Guan Yu well, with a small banquet for three days and a big banquet for five days; Cao Cao gave the robe, Guan Yu put it on the bottom of his coat and covered it with Liu Beici's old robe, not daring to forget the old with the new; Cao Cao gave a red rabbit horse, and Guan Yu thanked it, thinking that Liu Bei could be seen one day riding this horse; Guan Gong beheaded Yan Liang and punished Wen Chou; Guan Gong hangs the seal gold; Riding a thousand miles alone, going through five customs and cutting six generals; Old town brothers meet, etc. In China, few people don't know this story.
Yuan Shaonan marched and sent Liu Bei south to attack Cao Cao's rear, and Cao Cao's department defeated Coss. Liu Bei fled back to Yuan Shao's army, was suspected, and secretly planned to leave Yuan Shao, so he suggested that Yuan Shao form an alliance with Jingzhou Muliu Biao, and put Cao Cao in a position of being caught between Scylla and Charybdis. Yuan Xin believed it, and sent Liu Bei and his troops south to meet Gong Dou, the leader of the Yellow Scarf Army, once again. His troops expanded to thousands, posing a threat to Cao Cao's rear. In July of that year, in order to stabilize the rear, Cao Cao sent general Cai Yang to crusade against Liu Bei. Liu Bei made full preparation and deployment, and led troops to attack Cai Yang. The two armies fought, Cao Jun was defeated, and Cai Yang was killed. In the autumn of the sixth year of Jian 'an (20 1), Cao Cao unified his army to attack Liu Bei in Runan. In September, Guan Yu took refuge in Jingzhou with Liu Bei, and Gong Dou and other departments were scattered. At this point, Liu Bei left Yuan Shao and got the opportunity to develop his own power. Liu Biao treats Liu Bei with courtesy. Since then, Liu Bei has been stationed in Jingzhou.
From the sixth year of Jian 'an to the thirteenth year (20 1-208), Liu Bei devoted himself to recruiting talents and expanding his military strength in these eight years. In particular, in the twelfth year of Jian 'an (2007), he visited the Caotang and invited Zhuge Liang. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were unhappy to see that the relationship between Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang was getting better and better. After Liu Bei noticed it, he severely criticized him and Zhang Fei, saying, "There is a hole in the lonely, and there is water in the fish." I hope you don't repeat what you said (The History of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu and Zhuge Liang Chuan). Guan Yu and Zhang Fei will never object again.
In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Cao Cao led an army south to levy Liu Biao. Liu Biao died, and Liu Cong, who succeeded Jingzhou Pastoral, surrendered to Cao Cao. In order to avoid the sharp edge of Cao Jun, Liu Bei withdrew from Fancheng and retreated to Jiangling (now Jiangling, Hubei Province), and sent Guan Yu to lead more than 10,000 water troops to meet Jiangling by water. Liu Beijun retreated to Dangyang (now northeast of Dangyang, Hubei Province) and was defeated by Cao Cao's cavalry. The road to Jiangling was cut off by Cao Jun, so Liu Bei had to lean towards Hanjin. Guan Yu led the water army to meet and protect Liu Bei from retreating to Xiakou.
According to Ji Shu, Liu Bei and Cao Cao were hunting in Xuchang. Guan Yu once advised Liu Bei to kill Cao Cao when people were scattered to avoid future trouble. Perhaps because the situation did not allow it, Liu Bei did not agree. This time, we met in Hanjin and ran aground. Guan Yu said indignantly, "If you had listened to me at the hunting ground, there would not have been today's disaster." Liu Bei explained: "It was also for the country. Cherishing Cao Cao is a rare talent. Besides, if God helps the righteous, how can I know that wandering today is not my blessing? "
After Cao Cao occupied Jiangling, the momentum was even stronger, and it was very likely that Liu Bei, who had no place to stand a cone, would be swallowed up and Sun Quan in Jiangdong would be destroyed. This happened when Sun Quan and Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao's famous Battle of Red Cliffs. 1 1 month, Sun and Liu joined forces to defeat Cao Cao in Chibi (now northwest of Puyin County). The 10,000 elite water army led by Guan Yu was the main force of Liu Bei and played an important role in this battle. In order to highlight Guan Yu's "full of emotion and heavy righteousness", later generations have disclosed the details of his interpretation of Cao Cao on Huarong Road, which is widely known so far.
After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei took the opportunity to capture Wuling, Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling counties (all in present-day Hunan). Liu Bei got four counties, plus the south county lent to him by Sun Quan, and finally got a firm foothold in Jingzhou. Then Liu Bei worshipped the founding father. Guan Yu was appointed prefect and general of Xiangyang, guarding Jingzhou.
In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), in December, Liu Bei led his troops into Bashu, took Yizhou, and Guan Yu stayed in Jingzhou. Guan Yu was given 500 Jin of gold, 50 million Liang of silver 1000 Jin and 1000 Jin because Yizhou was peaceful.
Jingzhou, including Nanyang, Nanjun, Jiangxia, Wuling, Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling, is a strategic place for Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao occupied Nanyang County and the northern part of Nanjun County, while Sun Quan occupied Jiangxia County and the southern part of Nanjun County. The so-called "borrowing Jingzhou" means that Sun Quan lent Liu Bei the southern part of Nanjun, which he occupied. In the second year of Liu Bei's acquisition of Yizhou (2 15), Sun Quan sent Zhu Gejin as a special envoy to discuss with Liu Bei and demanded that several counties in the south of Jingzhou be returned to Dongwu. Liu Bei refused, and Sun Quan sent a group of officials to take over Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang counties. Guan Yu resolutely refused, and all the officials sent by Sun Quan were blown back. In a rage, Sun Quan immediately sent Lv Meng to lead 20,000 soldiers and horses to forcibly seize these three counties. After Lv Meng captured Changsha and Guiyang counties, Liu Bei quickly led 50,000 troops to the public security, and sent Guan Yu to lead 30,000 military forces to Yiyang to recapture these two counties. Sun Quan also personally went to Lukou and sent Lu Su to lead 10,000 soldiers and horses in Yiyang to refuse Guan Yu. Wu Dong's army and Guan Yu's army are camped in Yiyang, facing each other.
Sun and Liu fought for Jingzhou. At this time, Liu Bei (16 1-223) heard that Cao Cao (155-220) had captured Hanzhong and quickly shared Jingzhou with Sun Quan (182-252) to resist Cao Cao. At the same time, Guan Yu gave a banquet to welcome Lu Su.
After Battle of Red Cliffs, Guan Yu, who was holed up in Jingzhou, was named as "Xiangyang satrap", while Jingzhou towns such as Xiangyang and Fancheng were still controlled by Cao Cao. In order to realize Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei's plan of crossing Jingzhou and Yizhou in Longzhong Dui, when the time is ripe, Jingzhou Army will go straight to Nanyang (now Nanyang, Henan Province) and Luoyi Army will go west (now southwest of Shaanxi Province) to complete the great cause of reunification. Guan Yu has been eyeing Xiang Hefan.
In the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), Liu Bei defeated Cao Bing in Hanzhong, and Cao Cao had to quit Hanzhong. So, with the support of officials, Liu Bei became the king of Hanzhong. Guan Yu was appointed as a former general and given a cymbal.
In June of that year, after Liu Bei won Hanzhong, he sent Meng Da and Liu Feng to capture Fangling and Shang Yong in the east of Hanzhong County, and his influence expanded. In July, Sun Quan wanted to attack Hefei and Wei