Yixian, known as Yizhou in ancient times, is a famous old revolutionary base area with a total area of 2,534 square kilometers and a total population of 530,000. It is bordered by Taihang Mountain in the west and Jizhong Plain in the east. The territory has beautiful mountains and rivers, rich specialties, extremely rich natural resources, broad development prospects and great potential. More than 30 kinds of metallic and nonmetallic mineral deposits have been proved, among which "seven stones and one sand" is the most abundant (i.e. gold ore, granite, limestone, dolomite, marble, vermiculite, medical stone and building sand), which is suitable for developing mining and building materials industry. There are 27 large, medium and small reservoirs in the county, and five rivers, namely Juma River, Nanyishui River, Beiyishui River, Zhongyishui River and Caohe River, pass through the county. Abundant water conservancy and hydropower resources bring benefits to irrigation, hydropower and aquaculture. 186700 hectares of Shan Ye provides good conditions for the development of forestry and animal husbandry. A long history, beautiful mountains and rivers, Qing Xiling and many other places of interest constitute a unique advantage in tourism resources.
transport
Yixian is a mountainous area, but the traffic is convenient and the railways and highways are complete. Jingyuan Railway runs through the north, and Gaoyi Railway is connected with Beijing-Guangzhou Railway. Roads extend in all directions, and main trunk lines such as Beijing-Guangzhou West Line, Jintong, Yibao, Dingyi, Niling and Liangchuan meet in the county, and rural roads crisscross. Rich energy supply, through the development and construction of small hydropower stations, has formed a relatively independent and self-sufficient power supply network which is not only connected with the national grid. This county is one of the electrification counties in China. Communication facilities are complete, 10000 program-controlled telephones have been connected to the national network, and the exchange capacity will reach more than 30000 in recent years. Yixian county has initially formed ten pillar industries, including planting, forestry and fruit industry, livestock and poultry breeding, mineral building materials industry, machinery manufacturing, non-staple food processing, energy industry, arts and crafts, construction industry and tourism. In order to promote economic development, the county scientifically formulated the Ninth Five-Year Plan of Yixian national economy according to the strategic policy of "stabilizing one, advancing two and prospering three", and planned and designed dozens of key construction projects such as 6.5438+200,000 kilowatts power plant, 600,000 tons cement plant and northern stone base. The county has set up project offices, foreign investment offices, China Merchants Bureau and the "Three Zones and One Belt" Development Management Committee and other departments and service agencies, and formulated some preferential policies such as Several Provisions on Further Strengthening Horizontal Union, Several Provisions on Introducing Talents, Technologies, Projects and Funds, and Several Provisions on Foreign Investment.
administrative region
Yixian county governs 8 towns, 18 townships, 1 ethnic townships: Yizhou Town, Lianggezhuang Town, Xiling Town, Peishan Town, Tanghu Town, Langyashan Town, Lianggang Town, Zijingguan Town, Qiaotou Township, Baima Township, Liu Jing Township, Gaocun Township, Mogao Township and Dalonghua.
geographical environment
Yixian county is located in the northwest of Baoding city, at the eastern foot of the northern end of Taihang Mountain. Geographical coordinates are11451'-1537' and 39 02'-39 35' north latitude. The east-west span is 67.7 kilometers, and the north and south Vietnam is 6 1.7 kilometers, with a total area of 2534 square kilometers. Taking the county seat as the center, it is 0 km from Beijing110 in the northeast, 0.2 km from Shijiazhuang 169.2km in the southwest and 60km from Baoding in the south. Dingxing in the east, Laiyuan in the west, Laishui in the north and Xu Shui, Mancheng and Shunping in the south. The Beijing-Yuan Railway, National Highway 1 12, Beijing-Zambia Line, Ding-Yi Line and Yibao Line, which pass through, constitute the main transportation network of China. The county is located in the inclined transition zone from Taihang Mountain to North China Plain, and seven tenths of it is mountainous. Gaomi Township, adjacent to Dingxing County, is the only plain township in the county, with an average elevation of 324 meters. The terrain drops obviously from west to east, with a large drop of flowing water, which is prone to floods. Most mountains are eroded, denuded and karst landforms. The main peaks are Motianling, Pingdingshan, Wufengzhai, Yunmeng Mountain and Langya Mountain. The highest peak, Motianling, is located at the junction of Caijiayu Township and Laishui County, with an altitude of 18 13.3 meters. There are three main rivers in the territory: Yishui River in the north, Caohe River in the middle and Juma River in the south, all of which belong to Daqinghe River system in Haihe River basin. The total river flow is 216km, the annual runoff is 931000000 cubic meters, the normal flood discharge capacity is1580m3 per second, and there are 7 large reservoirs. It belongs to temperate monsoon climate zone, with dry and windy spring and autumn, hot and rainy summer, cold and little snow in winter and distinct four seasons.
The development of history
During the Warring States period, it became the capital of Yan State.
Yizhou was located in the first year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (58 1), and Yixian County was located in the 16th year of Emperor Kai (597), belonging to Yizhou. The Five Dynasties belonged to the late Jin Dynasty. From the third year of sailing (AD 946) to the sixth year of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty (AD 959), it belonged to Liao.
In the fourth year of Song Xuanhe (A.D. 1 122), he was transferred to Wusui County, and in the seventh year of Song Xuanhe (A.D. 1 125), he returned to Liao and was transferred to Laijun. Jintianhui (A.D. 1 133) belonged to Jin for eleven years. In the eighth year of Emperor Taizu of the Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 12 13), it belonged to Shuntianfu. In the 11th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1733), the county was promoted to a state, leading Laishui and Guangchang counties. In the second year of the Republic of China (AD 19 13), Jiangzhou became a county. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Yimanshu County, Dingyilan county County, Yixian County and Longhua County were successively established. 1946 Restoring Yixian County.
At present, the county has jurisdiction over 469 administrative villages (including 6 neighborhood committees) in 8 towns, with a population of 557,400 and 22 ethnic groups including Han, Manchu, Hui and Mongolia. Xiling Town, the resident of Qing Xiling, is a typical Manchu settlement. In the urban area, West Shui Ye and Majiazhuang are typical villages inhabited by Hui people, and the Hui population in ma jia zhuang cun accounts for 65,438+000%. In 2003, the county's GDP was 2.63 billion yuan.
Yixian county is rich in tourism resources. The magical nature has created many beautiful rivers and mountains for Yixian, and the long history has left a rich and precious cultural heritage for Yixian, with natural landscapes and cultural relics all over the county. At present, there are only 57 national, provincial and county-level cultural relics protection units in China, including 4 national key cultural relics protection units: Qingxi Mausoleum, Yanxiadu, Zijingguan and Laozi Moral Classic Building. Its main attractions are: Qing Xiling Mausoleum, Langya Mountain, Yanxiadu, Jing Ke Building, Nanhu Lake, Zijingguan, Moral Classic Building, Longhu, Hongya Mountain, Yunmeng Mountain, Manchu Style Village, Warring States Cultural City, etc.
In addition to the above-mentioned landscapes, there are two towers, the Thousand-Buddha Pagoda with novel shapes, the Prince Pagoda built for Yan Taizi Dan, Yunmeng Mountain with misty green hills, and the Moon-gazing Empty Mountain.
Famous scenic spot
Jing Ke building
Jing Ke Tower, also known as the Three Pagodas Courtyard Tower, is located on Jing Ke Mountain in the west of Jing Ke Village, Yizhou Town, Yixian County, and is a key cultural relic protection unit in Hebei Province.
The ancient pagoda was built in Liaogan for three years, namely 1 103. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, it was restored during the Kangxi and Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty. Now there is a stone tablet next to the pagoda, which records the reconstruction state at that time. On the east side of the pagoda, there used to be a pagoda courtyard, but now only some relics are preserved. According to county records, the mound on the west side of the pagoda is Jing Ke, and Jingke Pavilion is also built here, which adds a lot of color to the ancient pagoda.
Langya Mountain
Langya Mountain is a good place to visit. When it comes to Langya Mountain, people will naturally see the heroic and tragic picture of five brave men who fought bloody battles against the Japanese aggressors and jumped off the cliff 59 years ago. Langya Mountain is not only a heroic mountain, but also a majestic, steep and beautiful mountain. It is a provincial patriotism education base and a provincial forest park.
Langya Mountain is located at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain in the west of Yixian County, 45 kilometers away from the county seat. It consists of 36 peaks in Wutuo, with the main peak Lotus at an altitude of 165 and 438+005 meters, and two steep cliffs in the northwest, which is chilling. The southeast side is slightly lower, and there is a narrow path leading to the main peak on both sides, but the dangerous places such as "the nose of the ghost king" and "the little face" still need to pass through the wall, which is frightening. Looking up into the distance, the peaks are numerous, towering and steep, shaped like a spike, and the mist in the gorge is shrouded in mystery.
Langya Mountain has beautiful scenery. "Langshan Scenic Show" is one of the ten scenic spots in the ancient post, and it is known as "Little Huangshan Mountain in the North". There are pines and cypresses on the mountain, waterfalls and springs, narrow paths, natural landscapes such as "Xianren Bridge", "Drinking Tiger Pool", "Horse Wall" and "Sun Bin Cave" and large natural caves.
Laozi's moral classics
Laozi's Moral Classics Building is located at Xingguan Site in Chenglong, Yixian County, with 1200 page views.
The Daodejing Building was built in the 26th year of Tang Kaiyuan (AD 738). At that time, Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, thought that Laozi was his distant ancestor, so he personally took notes on Laozi's moral classics and carved a stone for later generations to know. Yixian Daojing Building is an octagonal cylinder of white marble, which consists of three parts: top, body and seat. The building is 4.29 meters high, 90 centimeters straight through and 40 to 42 centimeters wide on each side. Carved from two pieces of marble. The eighty-one chapters of Laozi's Tao Te Ching are engraved on the four sides of the Tai Shang Xuan Yuan Emperor's Tao Te Ching written by Su Ling. His calligraphy is elegant and smart, with the strength of steel bars, elegant and handsome, and his brushwork is flowing.
China's existing 1845 books don't contain the imperial notes of the emperor. This tall and magnificent building is the best preserved in China. Therefore, this building and several sculptures in Longxingguan have been upgraded from provincial level to national protection units, and Yizhou Moral Classic Building has simple architecture and fine carving. Visitors can not only appreciate the essence of China traditional culture, appreciate the treasures of ancient calligraphy, but also get a glimpse of the mysteries of ancient stone carvings and architecture, increase their knowledge and cultivate their sentiments.
Zijingguan
Zijingguan, located 45 kilometers northwest of yi county, was called Shangguguan in Qin and Han Dynasties, Wuruanguan in Eastern Han Dynasty, Jinbeiguan in Song Dynasty and Zijingguan after Yuan Dynasty. This pass, together with Juyong Pass and Daoma Pass, is also called "Inner Three Pass" and is one of the nine famous passes in China.
The Annals of Zijing Guanzhi originally had four doors: East, West, South and North. The south gate is called "Nantianmen" and the gate is called "the first Xiongguan in southern Jilin", which no longer exists. The North Gate, the "Li Men with Rivers and Mountains", is well preserved and has two floors. The above topic "rivers and mountains bring excitement", and the following topic "Zijingguan" is the essence of Zijingguan; Simon, the Yanghe Gate was originally built with an urn, but it doesn't exist now. Judging from the overall layout of Guancheng, with Zhenwu Mountain in the city as the center, the city wall extends around to form four semicircles. Big cities are surrounded by small towns. This unique architectural layout has high military value because it can be attacked, retreated and defended.
There is a three-wing city wall outside the city, and a section of the wall made of pebbles in Wayaoguan is the best preserved. The Zijingguan, a scenic spot in Wan Li, is a national key cultural relic protection unit.
Millennium ancient city, the capital of Xia Yan.
Xia Yan, a thousand-year-old city, is the capital. Driving 8 kilometers from Yixian to the southeast, a strange landscape is displayed: on the vast Yuan Ye, tall yellow mounds are arranged in an orderly and magnificent way. This is the famous national key cultural relics protection unit-Xia Yan Capital Ruins. This is where the story of Yan Zhaowang recruiting talents and Jing Ke stabbing Qin in Yishui happened. Strolling along the path in the old city, fragments of tile-roofed ceiling can be seen everywhere more than 2,000 years ago. On the Wuyi balcony in the center of the old city, you can see the surrounding high-rise buildings and ancient tombs, which shows the grand scale and prosperity of the capital of Xia Yan.
Qingxiling
Located at the foot of Yongning Mountain in Yixian County, Hebei Province, it is 25 kilometers away from Beijing/KLOC-0. It is the mausoleum group of four imperial tombs, three queens and some princes, princesses and concubines in the Qing Dynasty. Xiling has more than 50,000 square meters of cemetery buildings, 1000 halls and 100 stone buildings and carvings. It is one of the largest, most well-preserved and most complete types of royal tombs in Qing Dynasty in China, and it is the most outstanding representative of mausoleum architecture in China for two thousand years.
There are four imperial tombs, three empresses, four gardens for princes, princesses and eldest brothers, * * * 14 tombs and two ancillary buildings (Yongsi Mansion and Palace) in the 8,300-hectare Qingxi Mausoleum Reserve. There were four emperors Yongzheng, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Guangxu, nine empresses, 57 concubines, two princes and six brothers, a total of 78 people.
There are more than 1000 palace buildings and more than 100 stone buildings in the mausoleum area, and their architectural forms and regulations clearly reflect the feudal laws and regulations. Four mausoleums and three tombs of Hou Ling Mausoleum are covered with yellow glazed tiles; The gardens of concubines, princesses and princes are all covered with green glazed tiles or gray cloth tiles. These ancient buildings are surrounded by pines and cypresses, competing in the vast forest. There is also Yongning Mountain surrounded by colorful auspicious clouds, which stands behind the mausoleum. Tracing back to the spiritual source of Bagongchu, the Yishui River flows slowly in front of Dahongmen, making the Qing Xiling look magnificent.
The largest one, the Yongzheng Tailing Mausoleum, is located in the center of the Mausoleum, and it is the earliest and largest building in Xiling. The rest of the tombs are distributed on the east and west sides. The Shinto of Tailing is paved with three layers of giant bricks, and there are more than 40 large and small buildings on both sides, which are distributed from south to north. The first building is a five-hole bridge with multiple arches entering the mausoleum area. There are three tall stone archways standing upright in the north of the bridge. The archway is solemn, beautiful and harmonious in color. These three stone workshops, all in the form of five rooms, six columns and eleven floors, are made of blue and white stones, engraved with figures such as mountains, water, flowers, grass and animals, and have vivid shapes. They are regarded as representative works in the architectural art of Xiling, and the tomb of Jiaqing Emperor is named Changling. Changling and Tailing are juxtaposed, and the scale is comparable to that of Tailing. Jiaqing is fifteen sons of Qianlong. When Qianlong passed it to him, he chose a good mausoleum site for him one kilometer south of Tailing. Long 'en Temple in Changling is very distinctive. The ground is covered with precious yellow mottled stones, and the slate is also covered with purple patterns, which are smooth and dazzling, like a room full of gems. The pillars are inlaid with gold, and Yunlong is brilliant. The exquisite Daoguang Mausoleum is called Muling. Muling is characterized by its small scale, and there are no buildings such as Fangcheng, Minglou, Dabei Pavilion and stone statues, but the project weight is stronger than that of Taichang Mausoleum. The whole fence, brick grinding joints, wall dry grouting level and firm. The building technology of Long 'en Hall is exquisite. The main hall is made of golden nanmu, which is not decorated with oil and color, and keeps the original color of logs. As soon as the door of the hall opened, the aroma of nanmu came to the nose. There are dragons in every small square on the ceiling, and Youlong and Panlong are also engraved on purlins and sparrows. These dragons are all panting. Chongling is the mausoleum of Emperor Guangxu, 5 kilometers east of Tailing, and the last mausoleum in China. The whole mausoleum area is lush with trees and pleasant scenery. The ancient palace where the emperor lived can accommodate tourists.
Nature endows the mountains and rivers around the mausoleum with a special aura. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Chen Zengrong, the chief commander of Taining Town, loved the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers in his spare time, and set eight scenic spots in Xiling, namely, "Guan Jing Zi Qi", "Rejecting Ma Chong Pottery", "Clouds are shining", "Qifeng Sunset", "Emei Night Bell" and "Fushan Embracing the Sun". It is precisely because of these pleasant natural scenery that the "dragon and tiger embrace for thousands of years, ghosts and gods face each other night" is set off on the earth. Yong Zhengdi, the third generation of Qing Dynasty, left his father's ancestors and found a new way to open up Xiling in Yizhou, in order to make the Qing Dynasty prosperous.
1March 2, 737, Emperor Qianlong's father was in Tailing Underground Palace. Later, Emperor Qianlong came up with a way to kill two birds with one stone in order to make the incense of Dongling and Xiling last forever. Later emperors were buried in Dongling and Xiling in the Qing Dynasty in the form of "showing Mu Ling and burying every other generation". So he first built his own Yuling Mausoleum in Shengshuiyu, a mausoleum in the east of Qing Dynasty, with his grandfather Kangxi as his companion, and his son Jiaqing built the Changling Mausoleum next to Tailing to accompany his grandfather Yongzheng. According to Zhao Mu's system, Daoguang's mausoleum was originally built in Baohuayu, Dongling. Seven years after the construction of Xiao Mu's mausoleum was completed and buried, it was found that the underground palace was constantly leaking water, so Daoguang had to choose a higher place in Xiling, demolish Bao Huayu's mausoleum building and build a mausoleum in Xiling. After Xianfeng and Tongzhi emperors, Guangxu also built a tomb in Xiling.
If the mountains and rivers of Xiling are all made in heaven, it took 185 years from the construction of Tailing to the completion of chongling, which formed a clever combination of human landscape and natural landscape, and the world view of "harmony between man and nature" was fully reflected in the mausoleum building. As Sun Dinglie said in the "Journey to Yongning Mountain": "The mountain rises from Taihang Mountain, towering and towering, with beautiful and abundant pulse, high mountains and high hills, far beyond the arch, green rocks and green caves, and countless hills during the sanitation period, such as a finger in the hand. Every two hills are flat and open, tombs are in the clouds, and petals are bamboo shoots.
In April, 20021,Yixian was selected as one of the top 100 counties in the second national culture in 20021.
In April, 20021year, Yixian county ranked 57th in the list of top 100 special foods in China.
202 1, 1, Yixian ranks in Hebei province 168 counties and cities 17.
In June 2020, 165438+ 10, the list of the top 100 counties and cities with county tourism development potential in China in 2020 was published, and Yixian was on the list.
In June 2020, Yixian County was included in the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei region).
20 19,110/0, the Ministry of Water Resources announced the second batch of counties (districts) that reached the standard for the construction of water-saving society, and Yixian was on the list.
In February, 20 18, Yixian county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 17.