Wang Xizhi (33-361), a Han nationality, was a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was originally from Langya Linyi (now Shandong), and later moved to Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). He was a general of the official to the right army and took a civil history. He was revered by later generations as ". His son Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy is also very good. People call them "Two Kings", and another son, Wang Ningzhi, who was a general of the right army, is known as "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". Representative works include: Le Yi Lun in regular script, Huang Ting Jing, Seventeen Sticks in cursive script, Aunt Sticks in running script, Sunny Sticks in Fast Snow, Mourning Sticks, Preface to Lanting in running script, etc. Intensive study of physical situation, heart imitation and hand pursuit, extensive use of others' strengths, smelting in one furnace, created a running script of "natural nature, abundant gods to cover generations", which was praised as "the sage of books" by later generations.
Learn from my uncle less, and then from Mrs. Wei. You can learn from the famous calligraphers since the Han and Wei Dynasties, learn from Zhang Zhi in cursive writing, and learn from Zhong You in formal writing. You can learn from others, learn from others' strengths, and prepare for others. You can get rid of the style of writing in the Han and Wei Dynasties and become a family of your own. The brushwork is open and bright, and the structure is rigorous. Huang Tingjing and Le Yi Lun are the most important regular scripts. The preface to Lanting is the most important running script; The cursive scripts are "Sticking to Sunny Snow" and "Sticking to the First Eye". As a national treasure, Emperor Taizong called on the world to copy his handwriting, and his calligraphy became authentic instead of Han and Wei brushwork. His words are known as "floating like a cloud, deft as a dragon" and "iron book and silver hook, the highest in ancient and modern times", and the later Buddha is called "book saint" According to legend, his running script "Preface to Lanting" was buried with Li Shimin. Now handed down from generation to generation are copies.
He thinks that raising geese can not only cultivate sentiment, but also understand the truth of calligraphy from some posture of geese. One day early in the morning, Wang Xizhi and his son, Wang Xianzhi, took a boat to travel around Shaoxing's landscape. When they arrived near Xianshui Village, they saw a group of white geese on the shore, swaying and dawdling. Wang Xizhi was fascinated by this group of white geese, so he wanted to buy them home. Wang Xizhi asked the Taoist nearby, hoping that the Taoist could sell him the geese. The Taoist priest said, "If the adults in the right army want it, please write a Taoist health-preserving book" Huang Ting Jing "for me! Wang Xizhi was eager for the goose and readily agreed to the conditions put forward by the Taoist priest. This is the story of "Wang Xizhi's Book for White Goose".
At the age of twenty, a captain Chi Jian sent someone to Wang Dao's house to choose a son-in-law. At that time, people paid attention to family rank, and the door was right. Wang Dao's son and nephew heard that Qiu's family was coming to propose marriage, and they all dressed up in disguise, hoping to be selected. Only Wang Xizhi, as if he didn't hear anything, was lying on the bamboo couch in the east, eating sesame cakes with one hand and painting clothes with the other. When people come back, they report what they have seen to Xi Taiwei. When he knew that there was still a quiet Wang Xizhi leaning on the east couch, he couldn't help clapping his hands and exclaiming, This is the son-in-law I want! So Chi Jian married his daughter Xi Jun to Wang Xizhi. This story has become two allusions of "East Bed" and "Lingtan".
There are more idioms that appear on him. It is said that once, he wrote his words on a board and gave them to the engraver for carving. The man cut the board with a knife, only to find that his handwriting was printed three-thirds deep into the board. This is the origin of the idiom "get to the point".
Wang Xizhi's best calligraphy in his life is the preface to the Lanting Collection. That was his work in middle age.
There is a custom in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. On the 3rd of March in the lunar calendar every year, people must go to the river to play, so as to eliminate the ominous. This is called [repairing]. On March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe, Wang Xizhi and some scholars, 41 * * *, went to the riverside of Lanting to repair the temple. Everyone is writing poems while drinking. After the poem was finished, everyone collected the poems, synthesized a preface to Lanting Collection, and publicly recommended Wang Xizhi as an preface. At this time, Wang Xizhi was drunk. He took advantage of the wine, picked up a moustache pen, and waved a pen on cocoon paper. This preface is the preface of Lanting Collection, which was later famous throughout the ages. This post is a draft, with 28 lines and 324 words. Described the scene of literati's elegant collection at that time. Because the author was in high spirits at that time, he wrote very proudly. It is said that it is impossible to write later. Among them, there are more than twenty "zhi" characters, which are written in different ways. In Song Dynasty, Mi Fei called it "the best running script in the world". Legend has it that Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, cherished the Preface to Lanting and buried it in Zhaoling when he died. What remains is only a copy of others. What people see today is a copy of Preface to Lanting. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy works are very rich. In addition to Preface to Lanting, there are other famous calligraphy works, such as Official Slave's Post, Seventeen Post, Two Thank-you Post, Orange Post, Aunt's Post, Sunny Post in Fast Snow, Le Yi Lun and Huang Ting Jing. The main features of his calligraphy are peace and naturalness, tactful and subtle brushwork, graceful and graceful, and later generations commented, "If you are floating in the clouds, you will be frightened by the moss." Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is extremely beautiful.
after the Han dynasty, after more than 6 years of tripartite confrontation, it entered the Jin dynasty. Calligraphy has reached another peak. The cursive writing of official script is called official script, which decomposes the basic structure of official script and only keeps the wave, which is mainly used to write the memorial, so it is also called chapter script. The representative calligraphers who wrote Zhangcao are Shi You, Huang Xiang and Suo Jing. On the basis of Zhangcao, this grass appeared again. At the same time, regular script and running script appeared. It can be said that in the Jin Dynasty, seal script, official script, grass script, line script and model script were all ready.
in Jin dynasty, regular script and running script made the greatest achievements and had the greatest influence on later generations. The representative calligraphers were Zhong You and Wang Xizhi. Zhong You (151—23) was born in Yingchuan Changshe (now the east of Changge County, Henan Province). During the Cao Wei period, he was a teacher. He is good at official script, regular script and various lines, especially regular script. In the Song Dynasty's "Xuanhe Shupu", it was evaluated that his calligraphy was "the ancestor of regular calligraphy". His regular script inherited the legacy of the official script of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was divided into eight parts, and the left and right waves were picked, which was ingenious and dense, natural and quaint. He wrote "He Jie Biao", which is quite a swan flying, and was rated as "playing in the sea and dancing cranes in the sky" by Xiao Yan of Liang Wudi. In his regular script, there is also the brushwork of official script. His works also include Manifestation Table, Force Life Table, and Return of Posts.
In the 9th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (353), on the 3rd day of the third lunar month, when Wang Xizhi, Xie An, Sun Chuo and other 41 people were repairing a contract in Lanting, Shaoxing (a kind of activity to get rid of diseases and ominous), everyone drank and composed poems, and the poems were collected into a collection, and the preface to the Lanting was improvised. This is the famous Preface to Lanting. This post is a draft, with 28 lines and 324 words. Described the scene of literati's elegant collection at that time. Because the author was in high spirits at that time, he wrote very proudly. It is said that it is impossible to write later. Among them, there are more than twenty "zhi" characters, which are written in different ways. In Song Dynasty, Mi Fei called it "the best running script in the world". Legend has it that Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, cherished the Preface to Lanting and buried it in Zhaoling when he died. What remains is only a copy of others. Wang Xizhi (33-361), whose name was Yi Shao, was named Lian Zhai. His ancestral home was Langxie Jianyi (now Linyi, Shandong Province), and he moved to Huiji. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Jinting County. Good at calligraphy, known as the "book saint."
Wang has served as secretary, general Ningyuan and Jiangzhou secretariat. Later, it was the civil history of Huiji, and the right general was called "Wang Youjun". In March of the 11th year of Yonghe (355), he called himself ill and abandoned his official, and moved to Jinting with his son Cao. Build a library, plant mulberry fruits, teach children, write poems and make paintings and calligraphy for entertainment. And with Xu Xun, Zhi Dun, all the celebrities, all over the landscape. Since Wang settled in Jinting, calligraphy has risen. His descendants are good at calligraphy and painting, and their works are hung all over the hall and study, so they are called "Hua Yuan Painting Hall". Later generations named the village "Huatang", which has been called since then. Wang Xizhi's remains spread all over the county. Duxiu Mountain in the west of Shengxi is Wang Xizhi's reading place, and the plaque of "Old Tour Place of Right Army" is hung in Guanyin Hall on the mountain. The main temple of Taoyuan Township was built in the foothills, with Wang Youjun as the township owner. Xizhiping in the Lushan Mountain in the north of Shengsheng, Qingyin Temple in the east of Shengsheng, and Wanghanling at the junction of Shengxin, etc., are all places for Wang's recreation, and there are still traces to be found.
In the fifth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (361), Wang Zu was buried in Jinting Waterfall Mountain (also known as Ziteng Mountain), and his fifth Sun Heng's house was Jintingguan, and the site still exists. During the reign of Liang Datong (535-546), Chien Sun Youjun Temple was built in front of the tomb, and a bookstore and Mo Chi were built next to the temple. Tang Peitong wrote "The Book of Ink Pond in Jinting Guanjin Youjun Bookstore". In the seventh year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (611), the seventh monk Sun Zhiyong instructed his disciple Shang Gao (Shaomen, Yongxin Temple, Xing Wu) to go to the Jinting to offer sacrifices to sweep, and wrote "The Tomb of Waterfall Mountain Exhibition" to erect a monument in front of the tomb. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Tuguan made a monument to the right of the tomb. In the 15th year of Hongzhi (152), the stone tablet of "Jin Wang Youjun Tomb" was rebuilt, which still exists today. In the winter of the 29th year of Daoguang reign in Qing Dynasty (1849), Sun Xiuqing, Wang's heir, built the memorial archway of "Jin Wang Youjun Tomb Road" in Jintingguan, which is still intact.
When it comes to the love for geese, Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Jin Dynasty, is the most prominent one. There is a story here:
It is said that Wang Xizhi, a noble and virtuous man, had little interest in being an official, so he left the noisy and boring capital and came to the south of the Yangtze River with pleasant scenery. When he lived in Shaoxing, he often wandered in Zeguo, a water town, and observed the geese. Goose after goose, with neat and beautiful feathers and elegant posture. Some of them float, some sing and some play. ..................................................................................................................................................................................
One day, he was pleasantly surprised to find that a goose was unusual in appearance. Its feathers were as white as snow, and its crown was as red as a jewel. In particular, its singing was particularly pleasant. He liked it very much, and immediately sent someone to inquire about it nearby. If he wanted to buy this goose, he would pay twice as much. It turns out that the owner of the goose is a white-haired old woman, and there are no relatives around the old man, only this white goose is the companion. Although her family is poor, the goose can't bear to part with it. When Wang Xizhi learned about these situations, he fully understood the old man's feelings and said that he would not buy this precious goose. In order to make an observation, he decided to call at home. Besides, the old woman was very happy when she heard that the calligrapher Wang Xizhi was going to visit her home, but what should she do to entertain her guests? The old man was worried when suddenly there was a cry of "Oh-ah-"in the yard. Oh, yes, in order to entertain the guests, the old man killed his beloved white goose and cooked a delicious dish, waiting for the arrival of Wang Xizhi. In a short time, Wang Xizhi walked into this humble hut with hurried steps. When he learned that the warm and generous host brought the only beloved thing to entertain guests, his eyes were moist: he felt sorry for the death of this goose, and was even more moved by the host's kindness ... So he asked someone to find an ink pen and write on the hexagonal bamboo fan he brought with him, and handed it to the old woman, saying, "Old man, I have nothing to thank you for. Please take this fan to the market and sell it for 1 yuan. The old man refused, and Xizhi said with deep affection: This is a little token of my respect for your old man!
Wang Xizhi < < Preface to Lanting Collection > >
Original text:
Yonghe was nine years old and was in Guichou. At the beginning of the spring, he would be in Lanting, which is located in the mountains of Huiji, to repair things. A group of wise men never fails to arrive, but a few are long and salty. There are mountains and mountains here, and bamboo is cultivated in Maolin; There is also a clear stream that is turbulent, reflecting the left and right, which is thought to be a stream of water, followed by a row. Although it is not as prosperous as the string of silk and bamboo, it is enough to talk about love. It's sunny, sunny, breezy, looking up at the size of the universe and looking down at the richness of categories, so it's enough to enjoy watching and listening, and believe in cola.
Mrs. Xiang, pitch for a lifetime, or take the arms and realize the words in one room; Or because of the entrustment, let the waves go. Although the fun is different, the calmness is different. When he is happy with what he meets, he temporarily gains from himself and quickly becomes self-sufficient. He never knew that old age was coming. And what he is tired of, his feelings move with the times, and his feelings are sentimental. I am delighted with it, and between pitching, it has become a thing of the past, so I still have to be happy with it. The situation is short and short, and it will end in the end. The ancients said, "Life and death are great." It hurts!
every time I look at the reasons why the ancients were excited, if they are in harmony, they will mourn over the article, which can't be said in their hearts. Knowing that a dead life is a false birthday, Qi Peng's ruin is a mistake. Seeing the present in the future is still looking at the past today. Sad husband! Therefore, when people are listed, they record what they say. Although the world is different, they are happy, and they are one. Those who visit later will also be impressed by sven.