Chinese name
seal cutting
Foreign name
Seal carving
origin
Yin and Shang dynasties
Non-heritage level
Representative works of human intangible cultural heritage
select time
28 September to 2 June 2009, 10.
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Overview of seal cutting schools The development of ancient seal slips; seal cutting tools, materials, seal cutting techniques, seal cutting rules, essentials and seal cutting appreciation.
Meaning interpretation
seal cutting
(1). Metaphorical writing and cautious writing.
Han Yang Xiong's "My Eyes": "Or ask:' My son is few and good?' Said,' naturally, boys carve insects and seals.' Suddenly, he said,' It's wrong to be a strong man. "
Selected Works of Ren Fang: "I studied hard, but once I was cured; Seal cutting is a text, and it will be abolished in three winters. "Lu Yanji's Note:" Seal script is seal script, and seal cutting is an instant article. "
Guan's "Poetry" says: "The pen engraves the ancient heart, and the chivalry goes straight to the sky."
(2). This means carving and over-decorating the text.
Gao Qi in the Ming Dynasty wrote in "Bagou South Poetry": "It is often reasonable to be deep and steady, not to seek seal cutting, but to seek practicality."
(3) engraving seals.
Wen Zhiming's Biography of Ming History and Wen Yuan: "Wen Peng and Wen Jia can write poems and seal calligraphy, and they are at home."
Ye Qingting Yan's "The Rain Flower in Oubei comes from the Book Poetry Volume": "Lai! Poetry and painting are beautiful and good at engraving. "
Guo Moruo's Reading Paintings with Peony and Other Bamboo Shadows: "Bao Shi, in my opinion, is a standard China artist. He is versatile, knows seal cutting, calligraphy and painting, and is good at literature. "
Overview of seal cutting
brief introduction
As early as Shang Dynasty, people used knives to carve the word "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" on tortoise shells. These characters have sharp blades, beautiful brushwork and high level of "lettering". Before the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and the Qin Dynasty, seal cutting was called or high. Some are jade carvings, while the tall ones are metal carvings. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, it was stipulated that the "seal" was used exclusively by the emperor, and the seals used by ministers and people were collectively called "seal", which was abolished from then on. This led emperors to use seals or treasures, officials to use seals, generals to use seals and private users to use seals.
Qi Baishi's seal cutting works
The word "seal" in seal cutting was written as "Zhen" in ancient times, next to the word jade. All the concave and convex patterns carved on jade are called "truth". Later, bamboo and silk became popular writing tools, so the shape of seal script was changed from "jade" to "bamboo". In fact, in ancient times, anything that belongs to jade carving, stone carving, bamboo carving and bronze carving can be called "seal cutting", and seal cutting is only a small part of it. When he arrived at Qin Shihuang, he comprehensively sorted out the national calligraphy styles, which were divided into eight styles. The words on the printing surface were called "copying and printing"; When Wang Mang decided to write six books, he called it "Miao Zhuan", and from then on, he clearly determined that Zhuan Shu was the font used for seal cutting. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the preferences of literati, although the seal system was changed, it was still printed with seal script. It was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties that a large number of Indian people came out that seal cutting became an art form based on seal script, expressing density and separation on the printing surface by carving, and seal cutting also changed from carving in a broad sense to the knowledge of printing in a narrow sense. Some people directly refer to this knowledge of printing as "engraving", "iron pen", "iron book" and "engraving stamp".
China declared the Dragon Boat Festival, China calligraphy, China seal cutting, Chinese paper cutting, China engraving printing technology, China traditional wood structure building technology, China traditional mulberry silk weaving technology, Longquan celadon traditional firing technology, Mazu belief custom, Nanyin, Nanjing brocade technology, Dong folk songs, and so on at the fourth meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage held from September 28th to June 2nd, 2009.
The origin of seal cutting
Seal cutting has experienced more than ten dynasties in its long history of more than 3700 years. In this long-term development process, seal cutting has experienced two highly developed historical stages.
Wu Changshuo's seal cutting works
One is the Warring States, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties. During this period, the materials used in seal cutting were mainly jade, gold, teeth and horns. Known as the "ancient seal cutting period", its seal cutting characteristics are mainly bounded by the times. Seal cutting developed in the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, but it was in decline. During this period, due to the application of regular script instead of seal script and the separation of official seal and private seal, seal cutting went downhill. This situation took a turn for the better in the late Yuan Dynasty, when the painter Wang Mian discovered that the flower milk stone could be printed, thus making it an ideal material for printing. In the Ming Dynasty, seal cutting entered a renaissance period.
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In the interpretation of meaning
seal cutting
(1). Metaphorical writing and cautious writing.
Han Yang Xiong's "My Eyes": "Or ask:' My son is few and good?' Said,' naturally, boys carve insects and seals.' Suddenly, he said,' It's wrong to be a strong man. "
Selected Works of Ren Fang: "I studied hard, but once I was cured; Seal cutting is a text, and it will be abolished in three winters. "Lu Yanji's Note:" Seal script is seal script, and seal cutting is an instant article. "
Guan's "Poetry" says: "The pen engraves the ancient heart, and the chivalry goes straight to the sky."
(2). This means carving and over-decorating the text.
Gao Qi in the Ming Dynasty wrote in "Bagou South Poetry": "It is often reasonable to be deep and steady, not to seek seal cutting, but to seek practicality."
(3) engraving seals.
Wen Zhiming's Biography of Ming History and Wen Yuan: "Wen Peng and Wen Jia can write poems and seal calligraphy, and they are at home."
Ye Qingting Yan's "The Rain Flower in Oubei comes from the Book Poetry Volume": "Lai! Poetry and painting are beautiful and good at engraving. "
Guo Moruo's Reading Paintings with Peony and Other Bamboo Shadows: "Bao Shi, in my opinion, is a standard China artist. He is versatile, knows seal cutting, calligraphy and painting, and is good at literature. "
Overview of seal cutting
brief introduction
As early as Shang Dynasty, people used knives to carve the word "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" on tortoise shells. These characters have sharp blades, beautiful brushwork and high level of "lettering". Before the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and the Qin Dynasty, seal cutting was called or high. Some are jade carvings, while the tall ones are metal carvings. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, it was stipulated that the "seal" was used exclusively by the emperor, and the seals used by ministers and people were collectively called "seal", which was abolished from then on. This led emperors to use seals or treasures, officials to use seals, generals to use seals and private users to use seals.
Qi Baishi's seal cutting works
The word "seal" in seal cutting was written as "Zhen" in ancient times, next to the word jade. All the concave and convex patterns carved on jade are called "truth". Later, bamboo and silk became popular writing tools, so the shape of seal script was changed from "jade" to "bamboo". In fact, in ancient times, anything that belongs to jade carving, stone carving, bamboo carving and bronze carving can be called "seal cutting", and seal cutting is only a small part of it. When he arrived at Qin Shihuang, he comprehensively sorted out the national calligraphy styles, which were divided into eight styles. The words on the printing surface were called "copying and printing"; When Wang Mang decided to write six books, he called it "Miao Zhuan", and from then on, he clearly determined that Zhuan Shu was the font used for seal cutting. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the preferences of literati, although the seal system was changed, it was still printed with seal script. It was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties that a large number of Indian people came out that seal cutting became an art form based on seal script, expressing density and separation on the printing surface by carving, and seal cutting also changed from carving in a broad sense to the knowledge of printing in a narrow sense. Some people directly refer to this knowledge of printing as "engraving", "iron pen", "iron book" and "engraving stamp".
China declared the Dragon Boat Festival, China calligraphy, China seal cutting, Chinese paper cutting, China engraving printing technology, China traditional wood structure building technology, China traditional mulberry silk weaving technology, Longquan celadon traditional firing technology, Mazu belief custom, Nanyin, Nanjing brocade technology, Dong folk songs, and so on at the fourth meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage held from September 28th to June 2nd, 2009.
The origin of seal cutting
Seal cutting has experienced more than ten dynasties in its long history of more than 3700 years. In this long-term development process, seal cutting has experienced two highly developed historical stages.
Wu Changshuo's seal cutting works
One is the Warring States, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties. During this period, the materials used in seal cutting were mainly jade, gold, teeth and horns. Known as the "ancient seal cutting period", its seal cutting characteristics are mainly bounded by the times. Seal cutting developed in the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, but it was in decline. During this period, due to the application of regular script instead of seal script and the separation of official seal and private seal, seal cutting went downhill. This situation took a turn for the better in the late Yuan Dynasty, when the painter Wang Mian discovered that the flower milk stone could be printed, thus making it an ideal material for printing. In the Ming Dynasty, seal cutting entered a renaissance period.
Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, seal cutting has ushered in the second peak of development, and its seal cutting features are mainly various schools. During this period, Wen Peng and He Zhen played an important role in seal cutting creation. Wen Zhiming's son, Wen Peng, accidentally discovered that "smooth stone" frozen stone can be used as printing material. After his advocacy, stones were widely used. During this period, seal cutting schools emerged constantly, and seal cutting artists such as Cheng Sui, Ding Jing, Deng, Zhao and so on appeared. Seal cutting once presented a prosperous scene.
It was not until Wu Changshuo, Li Liangyu and Qi Baishi, the modern masters of seal cutting, that a complete history of seal cutting in China was formed. Seal cutting is a perfect combination of calligraphy, composition and knife cutting. On the one hand, there are magnificent and elegant calligraphy strokes, beautiful painting composition and vivid knife cutting and carving charm. It can be described as "between square inches, there are thousands of weather."
Li Liangyu's seal cutting works
Before we play, we must first make clear the definition of seal cutting. What is seal cutting? There are broad and narrow interpretations. The "seal" of seal cutting is jade, and the ancient writing is "truth". Judging from the annotation of Shuowen, it is interpreted as "the tortoise is a sign, and it is also true." ), all the concave and convex patterns carved on jade are called "Zhu". Later, bamboo and silk became a popular writing tool, so the symbol of seal script was changed from "jade" to "bamboo".
The origin of seal cutting is very early. According to "Han Ji Zhi", "There have been books since the Five Emperors. As for the Three Kings, there are seals before the customs of engraving, cheating and forgery to detect traitors."
As early as 3,700 years ago in Shang Dynasty, lettering became popular. However, there are no original characters on the surface of the seal, only symbols symbolizing blood type are attached to contemporary bronzes or flags. Although it is a mark, it does have a certain pronunciation. In the Zhou Dynasty, "Zhou Xi" based on bronze rose greatly. There are various sizes and shapes, generally divided into two types: Bai Wen and Zhu Wen. The Qin Dynasty witnessed the evolution of China characters from "Shu Shu" to seal script. The forms of seal script were more extensive, the seal script was round and vigorous, and the strokes were tall and straight.
The seal of the Han Dynasty reached its peak, which was called Han seal in history, and the font evolved from Xiao seal to Miao seal. Chinese and Indian printing systems and buttons are also exquisite. Xi Gang of the Eight Schools of Xiling once said: "India is the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, such as the poems of the Tang Dynasty and the characters and literature of the Jin Dynasty." During the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the preference of the literati, although the seal script system was changed, it was still printed with seal script. It was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when there were a large number of seals, that seal cutting became an art form based on seal script, which used carving methods to express density and separation on the printing surface. Then seal cutting changed from carving in a broad sense to management printing in a narrow sense.
Types of seal cutting
Zhou dui:
Wei Han's seal cutting works
Before the Qin dynasty, neither official seal nor private seal was called seal, which was collectively called "seal".
This is the earliest name printed in China. The seals are big and small, the big ones are a few inches square, and the small ones are only a few minutes. There are copper prints and jade prints. Seal seal is composed of big seal and small seal, and its layout is scattered but not scattered, stretching freely and imposing. Little seals are more beautiful.
Official seal of Qin and Han dynasties:
After Qin Shihuang unified China, he reformed the chaotic six-nation script and formulated a unified font-Xiao Zhuan. In the society at that time, Xiao Zhuan was the standard character, so it was also the standard character on the seal.
The shape of Qin seal is different from the past: it is surrounded by a "Tian" shaped frame. The photos are evenly distributed in the box.
Official seal and private seal since Tang and Song Dynasties;
Seal script was still used in the Tang Dynasty, but it was quite different from that before the Six Dynasties.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, seal script was mostly Miao seal script, with white characters carved.
In the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Wen was used as the official seal because the printing color was directly covered on cotton paper. At that time, some people printed with official script.
The official seal of Song Dynasty is close to that of Tang Dynasty. But in the Jin Dynasty, it was printed with "Nine Stacks of Seal Characters". The private seal of Song and Yuan Dynasties changed greatly and was widely used. Besides copper and jade, ivory and rhinoceros horn were added. At that time, I could see vermilion inkpad printed on calligraphy and painting works, which produced artistic effects.
The official seal of the Ming dynasty also followed the "nine overlapping seals", which was larger than that of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Most of them are wide-brimmed and thick Zhu Wen.
The official seal of the Qing Dynasty was half in Chinese and half in Manchu. Permanent official, official seal; The official seal of a temporary official is rectangular and is called "customs clearance".
Seal cutting genre
Representatives of Huizhou School: He Zhen, Wen Peng, Su Xuan, etc.
School representatives (students from No.4 Middle School): Cheng Sui, Ba Weizu, Hu Tang and Wang Zhaolong.
Representative of Surabaya School: Su Xuan.
Representative of Guangdong School (Yishan School): Huang Shiling.
Representatives of Zhejiang School (No.8 Xiling School): Ding Jing, Jiang Ren, Xi Gang, Chen Yuzhong, Chen Hongshou, Zhao,.
Representatives of New Zhejiang School: Zhao, Zhao, Zhao, Wu Changshuo.
Representatives of Zhao School (Yushan School):.
Representative figures of Lu School (Qilu School): Liu Xing, Meng, Rizo, Si,,.
Representative figures: Wang Shu, Lin Hao (Lin School) and Baweizu.
Representatives of Yangzhou School: Lin Hao (Lin School), Wang Guan, Shen Shihe.
Representatives of Rugao School: Xu Rong, Tong Changling, Sabrina Dian, etc.
Representatives of Yun Jian School: Wang Zenglu and his son, living in.
Representative of Beijing School: Qi Baishi
Representatives of Fujian School (Putian School): Song Jue, Wu Jin, Lian, Xue Musheng, Xu, Lan Gongyi, etc.
Seal cutting development
The seal of the pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties is the symbol and voucher of ancient people's power in communication. In addition, seals such as auspicious words, filial piety and Huang Zhang also reflect the customs of ancient social life and people's ideology.
At that time, regardless of rank, they were all called seals. There are two kinds of seals: Zhu Wen (raised character, also called Yang Wen) and Bai Wen (concave character, also called Yin Wen). Ancient seals vary in shape and size, with special shapes such as rectangle, square and circle. The content includes official position, name, Kyrgyz language and Xiao pattern. Ancient seals were made by seiko, chiseled or cast; The seal is fine and the composition is vivid. Zhu Wenxi's sidebar is a little wide, and Bai Wenxi has many bounded squares. There is also an ancient seal with Zhu, which is also very unique. It can be seen that the production of seals was mature at that time. Three items similar to ancient seals were found in Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan Province. Some people infer that the origin of ancient seals should be in Shang Dynasty, but further discussion is needed. In the Qin dynasty, the emperor's seal was called seal, and the common people's seal was called seal. Qin Zhuan is a copy, similar to Xiao Zhuan in Qin Dynasty. The Qin seal is solemn and beautiful, and the characters "Kou" and "Tian" are added to the square official seal and "Ri" is added to the rectangular seal (also known as semi-pass seal), which is the remarkable feature of the Qin seal. Besides official seal and private seal, Qin seal was also printed in official language, which created a precedent for later generations to print casually.
Han dynasty is an unprecedented glorious period for the development of Xi seal. In the Han dynasty, except for the emperor's seal, all the others were called seals. Some are called seals or seals in official seals, while others are called seals or seals in private seals. The word "seal" commonly used in modern times comes from this. Printing in China is richer in content and form than before, especially private printing. China seal is printed with Miao seal script. This font is related to the rise of official script in Han dynasty, with simple structure and straight strokes. There is also a bird book printed in Chinese, which is very decorative and an ancient artistic font. China and India split casting and chiseling. Most of the seals in the Western Han Dynasty were cast, among which the seals in Xin Mang at the end of the Western Han Dynasty were the most exquisite. The seal of the Eastern Han Dynasty is characterized by block printing. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, because of social unrest and war, officials and generals were often mobilized or killed, resulting in frequent sacrifices. Usually, seals are carved on the blank prepared in advance, and most of them are unadorned. The casting and printing in Han Dynasty were solemn and vigorous, and the block printing was exquisite and extraordinary. These two completely different styles greatly influenced and inspired the seal cutting of later generations.
The materials and textures of ancient seals are mostly metal and jade. Although these printed materials have the advantages of extremely slow wear and long hanging, due to their high hardness and hard carving, the production of ancient seals must be made by specialized craftsmen. It is said that Wang Mian, a painter at the end of Yuan Dynasty, first carved with Elaeagnus angustifolia. As early as in ancient times, there were lithographs in seals, and there were also lithographs in private seals in Tang and Song Dynasties. Elastase is easy to carve. Since it was adopted in Wang Mian, it has opened up a new world for literati and artists to carve with knives. Wen Peng of the Ming Dynasty also recorded the lettering of smooth stone (frozen stone). The extensive use of lithographic materials provides superior material conditions for the development of seal cutting.
Brief introduction of ancient seals
The creation of seal cutting mainly adopts ancient Chinese characters, including Oracle Bone Inscriptions, inscriptions on bronze, Warring States script, and several variants of Da seal and Xiao seal.
Sealing cutting tool material
Before learning seal cutting, you must be prepared. Just like building a house, you should prepare materials in advance. Otherwise, the "thirst for digging wells" will affect the learning progress and grades. The preparation work of seal cutting learning is mainly tool materials, printed spectrum and reference books related to preparation. "If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first." The tools and materials for learning sculpture should be chosen properly. Too many are convenient to use, but it is difficult to finish at once. Too little is inconvenient to use. Good ones are generally more expensive, and it is difficult to apply if they are too cheap.
For the convenience of beginners, the most important tools and materials in learning are introduced as follows:
tool
1. Knife for cutting meat
The meat cleaver is the main tool. Its thickness, length, weight, knife angle, sharpness and flatness will directly affect the carving effect. Choosing a printing knife is just like choosing a writing brush, which will affect the expressive force of writing. Of course, there is also a process of mastering, and you should consider your preferences and habits when choosing.
carver
(1) blade, generally carved with a flat knife. Both sides are open, and the knife edge is 90 degrees. If the knife edge is greater than 90 degrees, it is easy to slide the knife when carving, and it is not easy to carve accurately and straight.
(2) The sharpness of the blade is directly proportional to the height of the inclined plane with two openings. The high slope is sharp and the low slope is dull. From the side of the knife angle, the rake angle of the blade should not be too sharp or too blunt, and generally it is appropriate to be 45 degrees to 15 degrees. If the angle is small, it is too sharp, and the carved lines are easy to be smooth and lack implicit tenacity; If the angle is large, it will be blunt, and the lines carved out will be brittle and often lack a refreshing feeling.
(3) The thickness, weight and thickness of trees are generally determined according to their own habits and preferences. Generally, the thicker arbor is heavier, and the thinner arbor is lighter. Heavy, falling force, help; But overweight and inflexible; Thin and light, easy to carry and flexible, but if it is too thin, it is not easy to carry and stress. Generally, two light and heavy ones can be prepared. For heavy hands, it can be about one centimeter wide and two or three millimeters thick. For the smaller one, it can be 6 to 7 mm wide and 1 to 2 mm thick.
(4) Trees are generally about15cm long, slightly higher than their jaws. If it is too long, it will swing greatly during carving and transportation, which will affect the stability and accuracy of knife transportation. If it is too short, it is inconvenient to carry and it is not easy to focus. When you are a beginner, you can usually go to a painting and calligraphy club to choose finished products. If you can do it yourself, you can do it according to your own preferences. The pavilion can be wrapped with thin rope (plastic rope, rattan skin or city strips, etc.). ), which is conducive to grasping the strength when carving, and at the same time, it can avoid hurting fingers or Yin Shi when the handle slides during carving.
2. Pen, ink and inkstone
Used for copying, drawing, extension, etc.
(1) Generally, two pens should be prepared, one is new and the other is old, which are used for copying, manuscript drafting, anti-calligraphy and inscription. A wool varies in size, the big one is used to write Yin Gao, and the small one is used to dip in water to extend the boundary.
(2) One ingot of ink, one ingot of oil and one ingot of smoke ink, or a bottle of good calligraphy and painting ink (such as China ink stick and Cao Sugong ink). ). When using it, it should be ground to avoid exudation. After grinding with vermilion ink, smear it on dark Yin Shi, and then ink it on the book, which is clearly visible and easy to carve. Sometimes, although the manuscript is wrong, it can be revised. Generally, this method is used less.
(3) Two small inkstones can be prepared. If you don't need to grind cinnabar, an inkstone will do. Ordinary bluestone inkstones can be used as inkstones. But it should be smooth, moist and easy to ink. Of course, it is better to have a good inkstone. In general, it is necessary to keep the inkstone clean, especially when ink is used for inking. Wash the inkstone before grinding it, otherwise the printed ink will be gray. When Su Mo is used to delay money, it is easy to ooze ink after mounting, so it is not suitable for use.
3. Sandpaper (emery cloth)
To polish Yin Shi, you can usually prepare a thick piece, and a thin piece of water sandpaper can be prepared. If there is no sandpaper, you can also use flat fine cement board or masonry.
***4 sheets
Yin Chuang
4. Yin Chuang
Yin Chuang is used to fix seals, so as to save time and effort when carving, especially when carving hard materials or small printed matter. Generally, it is a soft printing material, such as Qingtian and Shoushan stone. Or a larger seal is supported by the left hand, and Yin Chuang may not be needed. There are two kinds of wood and metal in Yin Chuang. Generally, wooden ones are better, which are both applicable and easy to buy. Metal Yin Chuang is durable and has the value of inheritance.
Step 5 print
Printing is used to brush the printed surface. First, brush off the stone powder when carving, because it is not suitable to blow it with your mouth. It is not good for your health to blow it with your mouth for a long time. Second, when printing in wok, brush the printing surface first to prevent dirt such as stone chips from being brought into the inkpad. Generally, a small brush or toothbrush can be used instead.
6. Brown broom
Commonly known as "brown tiger", it is used to expand border payment. Calligraphy and painting clubs in big cities sell them. But generally sold in the market, the thickness of brown silk is not picky, and it is easy to damage the paper when used. Choose a finer one when you buy it. When I first used it, it was hard. It can be rubbed on a hot iron plate, or it can be rubbed on a gravel or cement floor to make it soft, and the brown silk becomes thinner and sharper, and then rubbed with a little vegetable oil to make it smooth. If it is difficult to buy in the market, you can also bring your own brown silk. Those who choose round, straight and thin strength can be tied into a brown broom with a diameter of about 2-4 cm and a length of about 5-8 cm, leaving one cm at both ends, or cut with a sharp knife.
7. Tobao
Used for boundary extension. The method of wrapping is: firstly, take hardcover paper, cut it into round blocks about the size of coins, wrap it with new cotton with a slightly thicker bottom, then wrap it with a layer of plastic paper and serge cloth, and finally wrap it with a layer of soft fine satin (or polyester instead) to make it flat and spherical, and tie the neck tightly with thread. Extended packaging requires a tight dressing and a smooth surface.
8. Yin Gui
When printing, frame the position of the seal with a negative gauge to make it impartial. Or for copying, the first impression is not clear enough, and it can be repeated two or three times to make the printed text thicker and brighter. Silver laurel made of wood or whole genus can be used. As long as the measuring angle is 90 degrees, each side is about 3 to 4 cm long and about 5 to 10 mm thick. When printing the seal, the seal should be positioned first, and the seal should be close to the inner cover of Yingui. When copying, Yin Gui held it up and held it down. Dip it in the inkpad, and then stir it again according to the original silver laurel. Generally, if you master the bell cover, you don't have to be expensive.
9. rib printing
Used for mixing inkpad. If the inkpad is not used for a long time, the oil will sink and ooze, separating the oil from the mud. Therefore, it is easy to freeze after a period of use, or when it is not cold, so it should be stirred frequently to make it even and moist, as new as old. Printed ribs are generally made of bone or jade, and high-grade inkpad boxes are generally equipped with printed ribs, which do not need to be made or purchased separately. If it is bulk inkpad, additional inkpad is needed.
10, small glass mirror
Used to check the positive and negative and accurate time of printed words in Yin Shi. Small glass mirrors that are common in the market will do.
1 1, others
For example, Yin He (or printing sleeve) for seal protection and hard rubber pad for seal printing; Cut Yin Shi's hacksaw, wipe the seal with a soft cloth (or a small towel), etc. You can prepare according to the situation, but you don't have to prepare right away. Some things can be used or not, and other things can be used instead.
material
Seal cutting materials include Yin Shi, inkpad and paper.