Abstract! As a representative of China's garden city, Suzhou has great attainments in gardening and its unique history in the world gardening history.
Status and Value # This paper analyzes Suzhou Garden, a wonderful architectural art, and considers the garden itself on the premise of paying attention to the coordination and unity of culture and art.
It is a kind of beauty, and it is emotional. However, everything in the real garden is rational. We should learn its modern significance and find some experience from it.
Create a beautiful environment where man and nature live in harmony #
Key words! Architectural, Cultural and Artistic Environment of Suzhou Gardens
! order
As early as primary school, I read Mr. Ye Shengtao's article about Suzhou gardens! At that time, I was deeply attracted by the garden scenery written by Mr. Ye. "Then for a change! That building, that rockery, that small bridge and that flowing water have appeared in my mind thousands of times. " Suzhou is an enviable city! I have taken care of almost all the famous gardens in China by myself. "Good at small # freedom # exquisite # elegant freehand brushwork in traditional Chinese painting is Suzhou garden! Make Suzhou a paradise on earth! The so-called $ Jiangnan garden is the best in the world! "Suzhou Garden-Jiangnan%" is a masterpiece of China's garden art! Suzhou gardens use superb artistic techniques! Contains a strong traditional ideological and cultural connotation! Garden art model showing oriental civilization II. "architecture
On the Layout of Garden Buildings in China! It is inseparable from its planning and layout! China gardens take landscape as the skeleton! "The layout of garden buildings directly affects the planning and layout of gardens". Traditional garden architecture undertakes many functions such as living, traveling and enjoying! Often occupies a large proportion in land use! And how to combine the various architectural forms in the garden with the landscape! Blend in. Is a very special problem! It is directly related to the formation of natural landscape architectural features. "Suzhou gardens have perfect living conditions! $ Natural taste of urban forest belt%! It's a combination of home and garden! Reward! Can swim! This architectural form is "habitable"! It is in a densely populated city that lacks natural scenery! Human beings are attached to nature and pursue harmony with nature! A creation to beautify and improve one's living environment! "As a private residence, it has reached a considerable level! The building is exquisite and light! Elegant color "its architectural types are complete! Stay intact! Systematic and comprehensive display of Suzhou garden architecture layout # structure # modeling # style # color and decoration # furniture # furnishings and other aspects! It is the masterpiece of Jiangnan residential buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties! It reflects the high level of life civilization in Jiangnan area of China during that period! It has influenced the architectural style of the whole Jiangnan city! Drive the design # conception # layout # aesthetics and construction technology of folk architecture closer to it! Reflected the level of urban construction and artistic achievements at that time.
Architectural components in Suzhou gardens! Many names! The layout and design of the building are unique! As big as doors and windows! The carvings as small as doors and windows are quite detailed. "Here I have to mention the woodcarving with profound cultural background and superb technical level" due to various historical reasons! Wood has become the main building material in China! Therefore, a wood carving form different from western stone carving has been developed. "Wood carving is the most important decoration in ancient buildings! Its content is rich! In Suzhou gardens, folk stories and other popular contents are the main ones. " Wood carving naturally introduces lacquer decoration! The lacquer decoration of private gardens is not as bright as that of royal gardens! Most of them are turquoise! With a small amount of cinnabar! Make the building look smart and restrained &; People pay attention to the rhythmic layout of the garden and indulge in the ingenious architectural techniques of the designers! What may be easily overlooked is the unique pavement "in the design of pavement!" You will find the ancient people's persistence in auspicious symbols! Its pattern has double money symbolizing wealth! And auspicious knots! Of course, there are many other lucky patterns in the design of Suzhou gardens! Most designers fantasize about beautiful garden scenes! Then make the scenes one by one! Finally get together
3 culture
Suzhou Garden is a world cultural heritage! "Entering the park has high cultural value! People can enjoy architectural culture # landscape culture # poetry art! You can also savor the humanistic mentality of ancient literati and the profound artistic conception of the unity of landscape poetry contained in the garden. " Suzhou gardens are mostly built by feudal officials # literati # literati! Garden architecture generally contains the outlook on life of harmony between man and nature and the indifferent seclusion thought! The garden is also an important place for their daily life and cultural activities! It is a model of literati's freehand brushwork landscape simulation! Let every landscape in Suzhou gardens look like beautiful landscape paintings. "So! Suzhou gardens are full of rich bookish spirit and literary spirit. " It is not only a product of history and culture! At the same time, it is also the carrier of China's traditional ideology and culture, which is manifested in the naming of garden halls! Plaque # Couplet # Book Stone # Sculpture # Decoration! There is also the meaning of flowers and trees # Pile stones to send love! It is not only a beautiful work of art that adorns the garden! At the same time, a large number of historical # cultural # ideas and scientific information are stored! The material content and spiritual content are extremely profound. "Some of them reflect and spread various philosophical concepts such as Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Some of them preach the philosophy of life. Some are to cultivate sentiment. Part of it depends on classical poetry! Decorate the scenery # Render! Let people live with relish! Turn the scenery into emotion! Produce artistic beauty! Get spiritual satisfaction "and well-preserved handwriting of China calligrapher is collected in this garden! This is a precious work of art! "In addition, it has high cultural value! The architectural rules of gardens also reflect the life style and etiquette customs of China ancient Jiangnan folk! It is to understand and study the folk materials of ancient Jiangnan in China.
Rebuild a miniature model of nature with basic elements such as stones, water, flowers, trees and buildings! "Suzhou garden art has rich cultural connotations, which fully embodies the wisdom of China people! Unparalleled "therefore! No matter from the content to the function of the garden! From the layout of the park to the theme distribution in the park! China's profound traditional culture is hidden from the connotation of the scenery itself to the relationship between the scenery! Reach% and take a walk in the garden! Look carefully! Look carefully! Light words have a taste! Shallow words are sent &; "The quiet realm and exquisite charm let us feel the real beauty of the garden! Especially in terms of scenery! The meaning of things! " People regard natural scenery as an aesthetic object and as a symbol of moral beauty, spiritual beauty and personality beauty. "The garden itself is a natural space field! Its artistic conception is attached to natural objects and their comprehensive relations! Love is born in the realm, and things beyond the realm are inspired by it! Give feelings room for reverie "When the objective natural environment and people's subjective feelings are unified # and stimulated! The artistic conception of gardens has only been produced since ancient times. People regard bamboo as a symbol of noble character. "Bamboo is compared to the spirit of modesty # introverted # tall and straight Lingyun # not afraid of the cold." Many scholars in history have written many poems about bamboo. "You can see it from the personalized description of bamboo! The various forms of natural beauty themselves often do not occupy a major position in the viewer's consciousness. " People pay more attention to the harmony between man and nature embodied in the symbolic meaning of natural scenery "except bamboo"! People also generally use pine, plum, orchid, chrysanthemum and lotus as symbols of noble character in garden construction. "To taste culture in gardens is actually to taste history and life.
4. Art
Speaking of gardens! I have to mention the artistic prototype of China classical gardens 1 Chishan structural prototype 2 Habitat compatible prototype 3) Plant empathy prototype 4 wood structure and gray space prototype 5) Dramatic space-time prototype 6 symbolizes freehand brushwork prototype 7 artistic conception & aesthetic prototype "Garden architecture! No axis guide! Don't emphasize balance # symmetry or counterpoint! At first glance, everything seems to be under your control! It was an accident! But in fact, it profoundly and implicitly shows the constraints of visual relations. " Suzhou gardens are organized by designing # arrangement #! Through the size # contrast # interspersed! What makes people understand is the nature in imagination! It is abstract nature! So it looks more beautiful. "The route arranged in the garden is also very special! Lengthened the distance of two points and one line. " Close shot Covered with Yellowstone National Park or a fence! Mid shot is expected! But you have to take a detour to get there! The pavilion can let the line of sight pass, but not people! The vision is to borrow the scenery "this kind of collection and release! Point, point, point and line! Up and down! It creates a rich sense of hierarchy in the garden. "Suzhou garden is small! But ancient gardeners used all kinds of artistic skills! Ingeniously create a rich and diverse landscape "Wandering in the garden! Or see how deep the courtyard is&; ! Or see another village &; ! Still look at the small bridge and flowing water # White Wall and Dahe! Or see the winding path leading to a secluded spot # The peak turns around! Still the scenery is easy to change. " As for those flower windows with different styles and exquisite patterns! Those endless sidewalks stretch under your feet like brocade! Those sketches that seem to be inadvertently scattered in every corner! Let people look at it! Endless aftertaste! Give people an artistic effect of seeing the big from the small. "Suzhou famous gardens have different forms # schools and styles! Achieve unity and harmony "can be said! China Garden is a garden art system with rich artistic achievements and unique style! Suzhou Garden is an outstanding representative of this system. "China landscape architecture experts said this when talking about Suzhou gardens."% China classical gardens are based on Jiangnan! The focus is on the number of gardens and villas in Suzhou! The essence of artistic attainments! It is rare anywhere in the world today "&; (Yang Tingbao)% Suzhou Classical Garden is the representative of private houses in southern China! These existing gardens are treasures of ancient cultural heritage "&; (Liu Dunzhen)
The garden is not only green! It also includes the contents of aesthetics and garden art. "Its artistic techniques are subject and subordinate # positive and negative # static and dynamic # opposite scenery and borrowing scenery, etc." Specifically! The realm of literati landscape gardens can be divided into three levels. The first level is the realm of natural beauty. The idea of gardening is to create a natural environment full of commerce, flowers and trees in a limited courtyard environment! This kind of environment often needs to be separated from the noisy streets in the city by high walls! In this way, the garden owners can enjoy themselves in this dynamic environment. "Gardeners pay special attention to discovering the beauty of nature! Follow nature and give artistic processing! Let natural beauty and artificial beauty be harmonious and unified! It has a very high aesthetic value. " The second level is the realm of artistic beauty, which is based on the natural beauty of gardens! Through the artistic technique of gardening! Choose gardening elements # refining # strengthening # process! Rise to% artistic beauty &; "Make the whole garden a layered # primary and secondary # echoing spatial artwork". The third level is the realm of ideal beauty! The ancients said, "# Poetry expresses ambition $%&; Poetry Garden is & Garden Records $%&; Garden romance $! Suzhou gardens stimulate the viewer's interest, association and thinking through clear springs and bright moons, rockery flowers and trees, calligraphy and painting, etc. (and then make them spiritually satisfied).
The history of Suzhou gardens can be traced back to the gardens of the King of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period in the 6th century BC (Ming and Qing Dynasties (Suzhou reached the peak of feudal economic and cultural development)) (Suzhou became the most prosperous area in China) (private gardens were all over the ancient city (there were more than 280 gardens and courtyards! Gardening skills also tend to mature (a large number of garden artists have appeared (making gardening activities reach a climax! As a typical garden in Suzhou, Humble Administrator's Garden% Lingering Garden% Lion Forest, etc. With its profound artistic conception% exquisite architecture% elegant art% rich cultural connotation, it has become a leader among many classical gardens in Suzhou! Humble Administrator's Garden is an outstanding representative of China gardens (and the largest classical garden in Suzhou! Covering an area of 78 mu (5.2 hectares) (founded in the fourth year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty * A.D. 1509+ (nearly 500 years of history). It is divided into east, middle and west parts (each with its own characteristics) (especially the middle garden (sparse and elegant (exquisite and beautiful (basically maintaining the simple and natural style of Ming gardens (the essence of the whole garden))). Give priority to with water $ (then the lion forest is&; It not only has Suzhou classical gardens, pavilions, pavilions, halls and corridors, but also has human landscapes (and is famous for its lakes and mountains (deep caves and valleys)). Lion Forest not only has the largest existing ancient rockery group in China (and the rockery with beautiful lakes and stones is superb (known as&; The rockery kingdom is called $) It is worth mentioning that Liuyuan and Canglang Pavilion) Liuyuan is famous for its exquisite artistic treatment of architectural space (the courtyards are strewn at random (rich in layers). There are many stone peaks with different shapes in Taihu Lake. Lingering Garden is famous for its rigorous layout, elegant style and rich landscape. Excellent artistic achievements have been made in Suzhou gardens (its architecture comprehensively uses Jiangnan gardening art (which is good at architectural structure (good at using changes such as size% straight% light and shade% high and low% closed)) (the combined landscape% high and low layout is just right (creating a set of spatial systems with rich levels% patchwork% rhythm% color% contrast). Canglang Pavilion is surrounded by a clear stream outside the garden (towering ancient trees (bamboo) in the garden Among the numerous Suzhou classical gardens in Canglang Pavilion (with unique urban forest style) (the most pleasing thing is to separate them with a wall (making them into internal and external corridors (including artificial stones in the garden Nehrig (fish and water outside the corridor garden)), it can be seen that the ancients are interested in architecture. In a word, Suzhou Garden has created a natural and private living or traveling space (with people in it) (I feel that there is a good transition and coordination between architecture and garden (I fully realize the quiet and fresh feeling of returning to nature and enjoying the pastoral scenery).
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