After the first Song-Mongolian War, the famous anti-Mongolian warriors Meng Gong and Du Gao died one after another, which was a great loss for the Southern Song Dynasty. Mongolia launched the second Song-Mongolian War in 1258 after the siege of the Southern Song Dynasty was completed. The Mongolian army is divided into three ways. The Central Route Army, led by Mongolian Khan Mungo himself, went south to Sichuan and went straight to Chongqing. The South Route Army set out from Yunnan and went straight to Changsha through Guangxi. The North Route Army, led by Kublai Khan, went straight to Ezhou (now Wuhan). The Third Route Army planned to join forces in Ezhou, and then moved eastward along the Yangtze River to take Lin 'an in an attempt to wipe out the Southern Song Dynasty in one fell swoop.
The Middle Route Army led by Khan Mungo is the main force of the Third Route Army. It was very smooth at first, and Chengdu was conquered in one fell swoop. Since then, Song Jun has been losing ground, and most of Sichuan has been lost. Mongolian troops went south along Jialing River in an attempt to capture Chongqing. Hezhou is located at the gateway of Yubei, where Meng Gong, a famous anti-Mongolian star, once operated, and built a fortress in Fishing Mountain next to Hezhou to strengthen the defense capability. After the death of Meng Gong, the ministries of Wang Jian and his Emperor also dare not neglect, and have been strengthening their defense. Therefore, when Mongols led by Mongols came to Hezhou in 1259, they immediately encountered setbacks. Since then, the two sides launched a fierce offensive and defensive war in Hezhou, and for several months, the Mongolian army was unable to advance half a step. Anxious Mongols personally led the troops to attack the city, were bombarded by stones, and died in the camp that night.
Kublai Khan's North Road Army also attacked Ezhou for a long time, and Kublai Khan was eager to return to China to seize Khan's position. Just like Jia Sidao, a powerful minister in the Southern Song Dynasty, came to negotiate with the imperial court behind his back, which was Kublai Khan's mind. After the two sides signed a peace agreement, Kublai Khan led the Mongolian army to retreat and fought for Khan's position. By 1260, all the Mongolian troops that invaded the Southern Song Dynasty had retreated. In the Second Song-Mongolian War, Mongolia died of Mongolian Sweat, and the three armies failed. But Jia Sidao made peace with Kublai Khan privately, laying a curse for the future.
Civil strife and treacherous court officials in Mongolia in Southern Song Dynasty
After Mongolian Khan Mungo died in Hezhou, his two younger brothers Kublai Khan and Ali Bug competed for the position of Khan. 1260, Kublai Khan and his younger brother Ali Bug, who rushed back from Ezhou front, claimed to be sweating in Kaiping and Mongolian capital and Linger respectively, so the two sides launched a four-year civil war. 1262, Li Tan, the Han warlord in charge of Shandong, rebelled again and got in touch with the Southern Song Dynasty. The situation in Mongolia was once very chaotic.
Civil strife in Mongolia was originally a good opportunity for the Southern Song Dynasty, but what did the Southern Song Dynasty do in recent years? Treacherous court official Jia Sidao was originally a street thug. With the status of consort, he is a very important person, and he is overbearing. On the front line of Ezhou, Kublai Khan was eager to go back to Mongolia for Khan's position. The Southern Song Dynasty took the initiative, but Jia Sidao privately signed a peace treaty with Kublai Khan, which was extremely unfavorable to the Southern Song Dynasty. After returning to Lin 'an, he fabricated a lie to defeat Kublai Khan and won the trust of the emperor. Jia Sidao is a hollow man, arrogant on the surface, and very afraid of Mongols at heart. He wiped out incorruptible ministers, especially some anti-Mongolian generals. Anti-Mongolian generals Xiang Shibi and Cao Shixiong were all killed in prison by Jia Sidao. While persecuting Zhongliang, Jia Sidao promoted those so-called confidants who only flattered him, and replaced the murdered Zhongliang with these mediocre people, thus completing a fatal exchange of blood in the military and political circles of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Taking advantage of the civil strife in Mongolia and the peaceful atmosphere created by Jia Sidao, the monarchs and subjects in Hangzhou lived a life of intoxication. Unexpectedly, the disaster came, and the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty began with Jia Sidao.
Xiangfan defending war
After Kublai Khan put down the rebellion in Li Tan, he completely defeated Ali Buge in 1264, thus ending four years of civil strife in Mongolia. On the other hand, in the Southern Song Dynasty, under the rule of Jia Sidao, the famous soldiers were killed and the military and political affairs became increasingly decadent. Therefore, Kublai Khan regarded destroying the Southern Song Dynasty as a top priority. It was also at this time that Liu Zheng, the commander-in-chief of Sichuan in the Southern Song Dynasty, saw that other generals had been killed. In order to protect himself, he led his troops to surrender to Mongolia. Liu's book was written by the Ministry, and after in-depth dissemination, his navy master was even more powerful, and Mongolia finally had the navy master of its dreams. Then, in order to show loyalty, Liu Zheng proposed to Kublai Khan the strategy of taking Xiangyang first and then attacking Lin 'an, which was adopted by Kublai Khan.
1268, with Asu as the main commander and Liu Zheng as the lieutenant, Mongolia led the Southern Song Navy to attack Xiangfan, and the defense of Xiangfan began. Xiangfan has been painstakingly managed by the Southern Song Dynasty since it was recovered by Meng Gong in 1239. The Yugoslav capital is strong and the soldiers have sufficient food. The Mongols began to attack Fancheng and tried their best to break the city.
127 1 year, Kublai Khan sent more troops from Sichuan, and the pressure on Xiangfan was increasing. By 1272, Xiangfan had been besieged for five years, and the grain and grass had been basically exhausted, but the soldiers and civilians in the two cities were still in high spirits, and Yuan soldiers could never break the city. In the same year, Li Tingzhi, a general of the Southern Song Dynasty, sent Zhang Gui and Zhang Shun to lead 3,000 soldiers, carrying much-needed materials in the city, and successfully broke through the encirclement of the Yuan army and rushed into Xiangyang. This was the first reinforcement to enter Xiangyang in five years, which greatly encouraged the morale of the military and civilians in the city. Since then, Song Jun in Xiangyang has made contact with Song Jun in the periphery, and the two sides agreed to attack the Yuan Army. Only one traitor surrendered to the Yuan Army and betrayed this plan, which caused Xiangyang Song Jun to be ambushed by the Yuan Army and suffered heavy losses. So far, Xiangfan's defense is extremely beneficial to Mongolia.
1273, the Yuan army finally breached Fancheng, and the defenders Fan Tianshun and Niu Fu committed suicide, and the city was * * *. Xiangyang has been isolated, and the garrison commander Lu He surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty. The six-year defense war in Xiangfan ended in autumn, and the door of the Southern Song Dynasty was completely opened.
Lin' an qiutian
As early as 127 1 year, Kublai Khan of Mongolia called himself emperor and changed his name to Dayuan. 1274, Kublai Khan ordered 200,000 yuan soldiers to enter the Yangtze River from the Han River and descend along the east of the Yangtze River. On the way, the generals in the Southern Song Dynasty either surrendered or fled, and it was impossible to organize effective resistance. By 1276, the Yuan army was at the gate of Lin 'an, while the bureaucratic generals in the Southern Song Dynasty only wanted to protect themselves, and there were few diligent teachers. In the end, Queen Xie led the little emperor Song Gongzong to surrender, and the Yuan army occupied Lin 'an, and the Southern Song Dynasty was greatly weakened.