Early orioles are vying for warmth in several places, and new swallows are pecking at the spring mud. ——Bai Juyi, Tang Dynasty, "Spring Tour to Qiantang Lake" In several places, early orioles compete for warmth in the trees, while new swallows peck at the spring mud. To the north of Gushan Temple and to the west of Jia Pavilion, the water surface is initially flat and the clouds are low.
In several places, early orioles compete for warmth in the trees, while new swallows peck at the spring mud.
The wild flowers are gradually charming the eyes, and only Asakusa has no horse hooves.
My favorite part of the lake is the east side of the lake, where there is a white sand embankment in the shade of green poplars. Chinese ancient poem, Spring, West Lake, Description of Scenery and Delight Translation and Annotations
Translation
Walking to the north of Gushan Temple and west of Jia Gong Pavilion, I stopped for a while and looked up into the distance, but I saw the water level rising. The white clouds hang low and the scenery is endless.
Several orioles are flying to the sunny trees first, and whose swallows are bringing spring mud to build new nests?
The flowers are colorful, almost charming, and the wild grass is green, just covering the horse's hooves.
The scenery on the east side of the lake is unforgettable. The most lovely thing is the white sand embankment shaded by green poplars. Translation and Notes 2
Translation
After walking around the north of Gushan Temple and west of Jiagong Pavilion, the lake water has just risen and is level with the shore, and the white clouds are hanging very low.
Several early yellow warblers are vying to perch in the sunny trees, and the newly arrived swallows are busy building nests and carrying mud.
The wildflowers are dazzling when they bloom, and the spring grass has not grown tall enough to just cover the horses' hooves.
My favorite scenery in the east of the lake is unforgettable, with rows of willows passing through a white sand embankment. Artistic Features: Expressing feelings in the scenery is the main feature of this poem. It not only writes a strong sense of spring, but also expresses the strong feeling of natural beauty. Putting emotions in the scenery, the lines in the poem reveal joyful and relaxed emotions and a delicate and fresh feeling of the spring scenery of West Lake. Appreciation
When Bai Juyi was in Hangzhou, he wrote many poems about the lakes and mountains. This poem closely grasps the characteristics of the environment and seasons, and depicts the West Lake, which has just put on the coat of spring, as full of life and just right.
The first couplet of the poem closely follows the title and always writes about lake water. The previous sentence points out the location of Qiantang Lake and the scene of "different buildings and views" around it. The two place names are used together, showing a sense of movement, indicating that the poet is walking and watching at the same time. The latter sentence describes the color of the lake on the front: the spring water has just risen, the water surface is flush with the embankment, the white clouds rolling in the sky and the rippling waves on the lake surface are connected, which is the typical water form of the spring lake in the south of the Yangtze River. The chin couplet is about looking up at the birds you see. The orioles are singing and the swallows are dancing, showing the vitality of spring. Both the oriole and the swallow are messengers of spring. The oriole uses its graceful and fluent singing voice to spread the good news of spring to the earth; the swallow wears flowers and water, builds nests with mud, and inspires people to start spring work. The word "several places" outlines the echoes of the singing songs and the poet's mood of searching for sounds. The question of "whose family" also shows the poet's delicate psychological activities and makes the readers have rich associations. The neck couplet is written by looking down at the flowers and plants seen. Because it is early spring and the flowers are not in full bloom yet, what you can see is not the colorful flowers blooming everywhere, but clusters in the east and clusters in the west, which can be described as "chaos". The spring grass has not yet grown lushly, and is only as long as a horse's hoof, so I use the word "shallow" to describe it. The "gradual desire" and "talent" in this couplet are the poet's feelings and judgments of observation and appreciation, which turn the objective natural scenery into the scenery in the poet's eyes with subjective feelings, making the readers infected. . These two couplets carefully describe the scenery seen during the spring trip to the West Lake, using "early", "new", "struggle" and "pecking" to express the dynamics of the newly arrived Yingyan; using "chaos", "shallow", "gradual desire" and "talent", It describes the tendency of flowers and plants to flourish. This accurately and vividly reveals the early spring atmosphere of the poet while he is walking, giving people a sense of freshness. Xie Lingyun, a poet of the previous generation, has two sentences: "Spring grass grows in the pond, and willows in the garden turn into songbirds" ("Climbing the Pond and Going Up the Tower"). The reason why they are so wonderful both ancient and modern and are highly praised is that he wrote about this sudden joy when the seasons change. The above two couplets of "Spring Tour at Qiantang Lake" are quite similar in artistic conception, but the white poem is more open. The last couplet briefly describes the poet's favorite sand embankment in the east of the lake. Baidi runs through Qiantang Lake, and in the east area of ??the lake, you can take in the entire lake. In the shade of green poplars, I saw a flat and slender white sand embankment lying quietly among the blue waves. People riding horses on the embankment came and went in full force, enjoying the beautiful spring scenery. The poet was there, enjoying the beauty of the lakes and mountains, feeling relaxed and happy. The use of "insufficiency of action" shows that the natural scenery is extremely beautiful and the poet is still enjoying himself.
In Chinese history, it can be said that there are many famous people who served as assassins or governors in the paradise Hangzhou, but the most famous ones are Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo, the two great writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Not only did they leave political achievements that were admired by future generations during their tenure in Hangzhou, but they also handed down many poems, articles and anecdotes describing the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou and the West Lake, so some people called them the "Romantic Prefects". Bai Juyi's seven-character "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" is a well-known poem. This poem not only describes the beautiful spring scenery of the West Lake and the vitality of all things in the world bathed in the spring scenery, but also intoxicates the poet himself in this scene. The mentality in the beautiful scenery is revealed. "North of Gushan Temple and west of Jia Pavilion, the water surface is initially flat and the clouds are low." The first sentence of the poem is the location, and the second sentence is the distant view. Gushan is located between the back lake and the outer lake of West Lake. It has verdant peaks and mountains, and there is Gushan Temple on it. The scenery when climbing up is breathtaking.
According to Volume 6 of "Tang Yulin", Jia Gongting was built in the Zhenyuan period and was abandoned fifty or sixty years later. When Bai Juyi wrote this poem, the pavilion was still there and it was considered a scenic spot in West Lake. Bai Juyi first came to the north of Gushan Temple and the west bank of Jia Gong Pavilion. Looking around, he saw rippling winter water, low clouds, and a panoramic view of lakes and mountains. "Chu Ping" expresses Bai Juyi's unique feelings about the West Lake in winter. Due to the continuous spring rain, the lake surface now seems to have risen a lot compared to winter, and it seems to be level with the line of sight. This feeling of water level with the line of sight can only be experienced by people facing a vast body of water. The feeling is also something that can only be written by a person who has a deep understanding and love for West Lake. At this moment, the calm water under the feet and the low clouds in the sky formed a peaceful ink painting of the West Lake. While the poet was silently admiring the quiet and virginal charm of the West Lake, bursts of crisp birdsong came to his ears. The sound broke his contemplation, so he withdrew his sight from the junction of water and cloud, and discovered that he was actually already in a beautiful world full of spring. "A few early orioles are vying for warmth in the trees, and whose new swallows are pecking at the spring mud. The wild flowers are gradually enchanting the eyes, and the shallow grass can have no horse hooves." These four sentences are the core part of Bai Juyi's poem, which is the most eye-catching sentence, and it is also the symbol of Bai Juyi's poem. The poem describes the spring scenery, especially the spring scenery of the West Lake. Several places means several places, or it can even mean multiple places. The use of "zao" to describe the oriole reflects Bai Juyi's sincere love for these vibrant little lives: the oriole on the tree is busy early in the morning to seize the "warm tree" that is the first to see the sun, for fear that it will be unable to catch up soon. . The word "struggle" makes people feel how rare and precious spring is. And the swallows under the eaves of someone's house were busy making their nests with mud in their mouths. The word "pecking" was used to describe the busy and excited expression of the swallows, which seemed to bring the little swallows to life. These two sentences deliberately depict the dynamics of warblers and swallows, making the whole poem filled with the vitality and vitality of spring. Orioles are recognized spring singers. Listening to their melodious singing voices makes people feel the charm of spring; swallows are migratory birds. They return to their hometowns with spring and are busy rebuilding their homes and welcoming a new life. Watching them fly Flying in and out of the ground to build a nest makes people feel the beauty of life even more. After giving a vivid and anthropomorphic description of the birds in the sky, Bai Juyi turned his attention to the vegetation at his feet, "The flowers gradually become enchanting, and only in Asakusa can there be no horse hooves." This is also a link full of emotion and life. The dynamic description of scenery fully demonstrates Bai Juyi's meticulous observation of the objects he describes and his ability to accurately grasp their characteristics. Flowers are so messy that they can even bewilder the eyes of flower appreciators. This kind of writing is rarely seen in other people's poems. However, this unique feeling is exactly what Bai Juyi experienced when he was appreciating the scenery of the West Lake. , colorful flowers bloomed all over the mountains and fields. Against the backdrop of the lakes and mountains, they were in various shapes and colors. Bai Juyi simply didn’t know where to turn his eyes, and he couldn’t tell the difference between them. He just felt that his eyes were dazzled and his mind was dazzled. I'm also fascinated. It's so beautiful that I can't take it all. The sentence "The flowers are gradually enchanting the eyes" refers to stopping and taking a closer look, while "Asakusa can only be without horse hooves", it is already an outing on horseback. On the bank of the West Lake with green grass and blooming flowers, with two or three friends, the horse is free to rein in the reins. It is a very pleasant thing to freely travel around the mountains and scenery. The horse seems to have realized the relaxed and leisurely interest of the owner on its back, and then steps on the green grass and the long Baidi. When the poet was pointing at the lakes and mountains and wandering around the scenery, he accidentally caught a glimpse of the horse's hooves rising and falling on the grass, disappearing and appearing. He found it particularly interesting and wrote it into the poem. It was this random stroke. , but it adds so much liveliness and elegance to the whole poem.
The famous esthetician Belinsky once said, "No matter what the situation, beauty comes from the depths of the soul, because the scene of nature is There is no absolute beauty, this beauty is hidden in the soul of the person who created or observed them. "Bai Juyi's "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" exactly illustrates this aesthetic appreciation truth. Because no matter how beautiful the scenery of the West Lake is, there will be some unsatisfactory aspects, but in Bai Juyi's eyes, it is undoubtedly the most beautiful scenery in the world, because he is not only good at observing, but also better at discovering and experiencing. Or when you hear and see scenic spots in movies and TV shows that the mountains and rivers are so beautiful, you can't help but feel infinite yearning in your heart. However, often once you are there and face the real mountains and rivers, you feel that they are far less beautiful than expected. This is because people cannot look at natural landscapes with a perspective of discovery and appreciation, but rather with a preconceived and overly high and even somewhat picky perspective when visiting mountains and rivers. Throughout the ages, West Lake has shown people the incomparable beauty of spring, and many people have witnessed the spring scenery of West Lake. But in the end, only a few works were widely recited. It is because Bai Juyi has a rare esthetician's eye for appreciation that he can discern the beauty of West Lake among countless tourists and truly enjoy this paradise on earth given to mankind by nature. Bai Juyi did not see many "Early Warblers" and "New Swallows", only "a few places" and "someone's home". If it were others, he might have heard the warblers "everywhere" and "Home" because he did not go there. It was the season of swallows at home, and I felt regretful, thinking that I wish I had come ten days and a half later.
But Bai Juyi doesn't think so. There are advantages to having less. It is precisely because of being few that it is the "early warbler" and the "new swallow", and only then can there be a joy of sensing the arrival of spring. If the poet does not have a young mentality and love The mind of life and spring may not be moved and intoxicated by these few heralds of spring, and happily write this moving poem. It is precisely because of this that he can smell the fragrance of flowers, see the beauty of grass, be fascinated by the various wild flowers dotted everywhere, and sigh at the grass that is not covered by horse hooves. Bai Juyi is lucky, because he has a pair of eyes that discover beauty and spring, so he can't help himself in the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, and even lingers: "My favorite lake is the east side of the lake, the white sand embankment in the shade of green poplars." Bai Juyi served as the governor of Hangzhou. During the assassination period, it was true that embankments were built to store water and irrigate people's fields. However, the embankments were located to the north of Qiantang Gate. However, later generations often mistakenly thought that the Bai Embankment was the embankment built by the Bai family.
This poem is like a short and concise travel note, starting from Gushan and Jiating and ending at Hudong and Baidi. Along the way, in the beautiful paradise-like scenery of green lakes and green mountains, the poet After watching the singing and dancing of orioles, and being intoxicated by the singing of birds and the fragrance of flowers, I finally walked along the white sand embankment under the green shade of willows, looking back three times at a step, and reluctantly left. The hymn of spring played by all things in the world is still echoing in my ears, and a beautiful poem full of the interest of natural integration flows out of my heart involuntarily.
The predecessors said that "the poems of Lotte are full of emotions, enter the human liver and spleen, take shape with things, and fill the place" (Wang Ruoxu's "Hunan Poetry"), and they also said, "Lotte's poems are extremely profound and lovely. They often use the things in front of them as insights, which others have not said." (Tian Wen's "Gu Huantang Ji"). The language of this poem is simple, fresh and natural. It uses line drawing to write carefully selected shots into the poem. The image is vivid and the scene embodies the emotion. From the lively early spring lake light, it reflects the author's joyful mood when visiting the lake. It is It deserves the above comments. Creation background: In July of the second year of Emperor Changqing's reign (822), Bai Juyi was appointed governor of Hangzhou. In March of the first year of Emperor Jingzong's Baoli reign (825), he was appointed governor of Suzhou. Therefore, this song "Spring Tour to Qiantang Lake" It was written in the spring of the third or fourth year of Changqing's reign (823, 824). Structure
The first couplet starts from a broad perspective and describes the scenery seen in Gushan Temple. The first sentence is the location of the author's parade in early spring, and the second sentence is the distant view. "Chuping" refers to the first rising of the spring water, which is level with the shore from a distance. "Cloud feet are low" refers to white clouds hanging low, connected with the lake, and outlines the outline of early spring. The calm water below and the low clouds in the sky form a tranquil ink painting of the West Lake.
The whole poem has a strict structure, strict rhythm, neat dialogues, fluent language, vivid and natural language, and a simple tone, which reflects the characteristics of popular and smooth. The poet describes the flourishing spring on the lake from an overall perspective, and is good at describing the scenery during the journey. He selects typical types and combines them with classification: in the middle, he writes the four most popular spring scenery, namely orioles, swallows, flowers, and grass, and animals. Combined with plant selection, it is unique. He is also good at grasping the characteristics of scenery and using the most expressive words to describe and render them. Bai Juyi (772-846), whose courtesy name was Letian, also known as Xiangshan Jushi, and also Mr. Zuiyin, was originally from Taiyuan. He moved to Xiagui when his great-grandfather was around. He was born in Xinzheng, Henan. He was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three major poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen jointly advocated the New Yuefu Movement, known as "Yuan Bai" in the world, and "Liu Bai" together with Liu Yuxi. Bai Juyi's poetry has a wide range of themes, diverse forms, and simple and popular language. He is known as the "Poetry Demon" and the "Poetry King". He became a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. There is "Bai's Changqing Collection" handed down from generation to generation, and his representative poems include "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", "Charcoal Seller", "Pipa Play" and so on.
Bai Juyi The poplars and elm pods have no talent and thoughts, but they can only solve the problem of snow flying all over the sky. In order to report the good spring this year. It’s good to take photos of flowers and moonlight. The sound of someone's jade flute is flying quietly, spreading into the spring breeze and filling Luo City. When will the swallows fly back? Peach blossoms bloom when dipped in water. The flute in the cold mountains calls for the return of spring, and the immigrants look at each other with tears in their clothes. When the beauty first came to Mulan. Lazy makeup and slanted posture. The forest flowers are swept away, and the paths are revived by the grass. This year's spring is light and waxy. The ice and snow break the spring beauty. The light rain comes at night, and the two swallows dance in the wind. The oriole's first explanation is the most beneficial thing in spring. I lie down in white clothes during the New Year, and my white door is sparse. It’s not in vain that the east wind blows away guests’ tears. It's hard to express my love, and my dream has no basis, so I can only return. All the pear blossoms have fallen, all the poplar flowers have flown away, and spring has become haggard. Lin Wo is worried that spring is over, and he opens his pavilion to enjoy the beauty of things. Separation from hatred makes it rain on a spring night. The spring river is added, and it flows eastwards.