There is a beautiful woman in the southern country, as beautiful as a peach or plum.
Travel to the north bank of the Yangtze River in the morning and stay in Xiaoxiangjun in the evening.
In today’s world of beauty and beauty, who has white teeth?
As the years pass by, glory cannot last long.
Author: Cao Zhi (192-232), courtesy name Zijian, was born in Peiguoqiao (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). A famous writer from Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms and a representative figure of Jian'an literature. The son of Emperor Wu of Wei Cao Cao and the younger brother of Emperor Wen of Wei Cao Pi, he was King Chen during his lifetime and was given the posthumous title "Si" after his death, so he was also called King Chen Si. Later generations distinguished him because of his literary attainments... Translation:
In the south, there was a beautiful woman, her face was as bright as a peach blossom and as clear as a plum blossom.
In the morning she came to the shore of Jiangbei to play, and at night she went to rest on Xiao Xiang's island.
The current trend despises beautiful faces. Who is that smile with open teeth for?
Time passes in a blink of an eye, but the beauty of youth cannot last forever. Notes:
① Nanguo: In ancient times, it generally refers to the area south of the Yangtze River. Rong Hua: Appearance.
②Xiangjun: A small island in the Xiangshui River. The Xiang River is in Hunan and flows into Dongting Lake. Jun, a small island in the water. Traveling to the north bank in the morning and staying in Xiangjun in the evening, the goddess of Xiangshui is used as a metaphor for herself, which should be taken from Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs". The first sentence of this sentence is "stay in Xiangjun day and night".
③Bo Zhuyan: A person who does not pay attention to beauty, here refers to a person who does not pay attention to talent and virtue.
④ Send white teeth: refers to singing or speaking, here it refers to recommendation and introduction.
⑤ Pitch: The time between lowering the head and raising the head is extremely short.
⑥Glory: The appearance of blooming flowers, here refers to a person’s youthful appearance. Jiuzhen: stay for a long time, wait for a long time. Appreciation:
Xiao Tong's "Selected Works" selected six poems from Cao Zhi's "Miscellaneous Poems", which have been praised and affirmed by poetry critics in the past dynasties. They are famous chapters in Cao Zhi's poetry. This poem is the fourth of them.
This poem was written by Cao Zhi in his later period. It uses metaphorical techniques to express his depression of not being recognized for his talent. Cao Zhi not only had great literary talent, but also had political ambitions, hoping to make great achievements and become famous in history. Cao Cao once wanted to make Cao Zhi the crown prince, but it didn't happen. After Cao Cao's death, he was jealous and suppressed by his brother Cao Pi (Emperor Wen of Wei) and his nephew Cao Rui (Emperor Ming of Wei). He moved to fiefdoms many times, and his life was very unstable, and it was impossible to realize his political ambitions. This poem compares a beautiful woman to herself: a beautiful woman's appearance is as gorgeous as peach and plum blossoms, which is a metaphor for her own outstanding talents; the two sentences "contemporary customs" say that the beauty's beauty and singing ability are not appreciated by the people of the time, which is a metaphor for her own talents that are not appreciated; " The two sentences "Pitching up" say that time flies by and the beauty of a beautiful woman cannot be relied on for a long time, which embodies his deep sigh of being unable to display his ambitions in his prime.
In our country’s classical literary works, starting from Qu Yuan’s poems and poems, the tradition of using beauties and vanilla as a metaphor for virtuous people has been formed. Cao Zhi's poem obviously learned from Qu Fu in terms of conception and writing method. The two gods Xiang Jun and Xiang Lady in Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" generally traveled around the Yuan, Xiang, and Yangtze River areas. In the chapter "Xiang Lady", there is a sentence "Hearing about a beautiful lady, I call you", and the beautiful lady refers to Xiang Lady. The first four sentences of Cao Zhi's poem are probably derived from the chapters "Xiang Jun" and "Xiang Madam". "Li Sao" says: "If Miyu is about to fall behind, I'm afraid that I won't be able to take care of him as time goes by." "But the scattered vegetation and trees are afraid of the beauty's twilight." The last two lines of Cao's poem are derived from them. This relationship of inheritance and development can help explain that the theme of this poem is to express the depression of unrecognized talent. Liu Lu's "Supplementary Notes to Selected Poems" (Volume 2) of the Yuan Dynasty explained the title of this chapter: "He also said that his talent is enough to be useful. Now he is just wandering around in a leisurely place, and he does not care about the current world. He is afraid that the times will change. , The merits were not built, so they were lost and unknown. Therefore, it is used as a metaphor to hurt oneself. " Zhang Yugu's "Appreciation of Ancient Poems" (Volume 9) of the Qing Dynasty also said: "This poem is about those who hurt themselves and embrace the genius. In a feudal lord, there is no one to care for you, and you are always old. The first two are self-respecting, the middle four are self-pity, and the last two are generous." Both Liu and Zhang gave the same explanation. Quite pertinent.
In the article "Seeking Self-Examination", Cao Zhi strongly expressed his desire to make achievements in politics. The latter part of the article says: "I feel that the late emperor died early and the powerful king died. Who can I stand alone for a long time?" I am afraid that the dew will fill the ravine first, and the grave soil will not be dry, and my reputation will be destroyed." The meaning of this passage is also closely related to the content of the two sentences of "Looking down at the end of the year, it is difficult to rely on glory for a long time."
There is a saying that the theme of this poem is not the author's self-harm, but the injustice against Cao Biao. "Beauty" Gai refers to Biao, who was the King of Wu at that time. "Wei Zhi": Biao moved to the King of Wu in the third year of Huangchu, moved to Shouchun County in the fifth year, and moved to Baima in the seventh year. Traveling in the morning and staying overnight means that migration is uncertain. " (See Volume 1 of Huang Jie's "Notes on Cao Zijian's Poems") Cao Biao is Cao Zhi's half-brother. Cao Zhi and Cao Biao were both suppressed by the court's suspicion and felt sympathy for each other. Huang Jie's opinion can be prepared, but the evidence is insufficient after all. Comrade Xu Gongchi said: "Although Cao Biao was granted a title by the King of Wu, his city was not really in Wu. At that time, everything from the south of the Yangtze River was under the control of the Sun family, and Cao Biao had no choice but to go to the south of the Yangtze River. He, the King of Wu, was granted a title near Shouchun. Cao Zhi would not have known this. Therefore, the poems about "beauties from the South", "touring to the north bank of the Yangtze River in the morning, staying in Xiaoxiangjun at night", etc. cannot refer to Cao Biao, but borrow the artistic conception and idioms of Chu Ci to express his feelings about "the customs of the times". The main theme of Yan's emotion is that talents are not appreciated. "This is more reasonable.
This poem has the same theme as Cao Zhi's another masterpiece "Beauty", but there is a difference between plumpness and simplicity in artistic description. A comparison can be made. "Beauty" The whole poem is longer, and the excerpt is as follows:
The beautiful lady is leisurely picking mulberries on the road. The soft branches are falling, and the fallen leaves are fluttering. Where does the girl live? It is at the south end of the city. The brothel faces the main road. Everyone groaned, knowing what he was seeing. In the prime of his life, he sighed alone in the middle of the night.
Many commentators in the past pointed out that the theme of "Beauty Chapter" is Cao Zhi comparing himself to beautiful women. It is a metaphor that he has talents but cannot put them into use. For example, King Yaoqu of the Qing Dynasty said in "Combined Interpretations of Ancient Tang Poems" (Volume 3): "Zijian wanted to try but failed to find any use, just like a beautiful woman who did not sell, so she thought it was a comparison. "The Beauty Chapter" has the same theme as the "Southern Chapter" of "Miscellaneous Poems" and uses the same metaphorical techniques. The beauties from the south of the city and the beauties from the Southern Kingdom are both compared by Cao Zhi. The following four lines of "The Beautiful Lady Mu Gaoyi" in the "Beauty Chapter" are: The meaning of saying that beauties in the south of the city are not understood by everyone is similar to the two sentences of "current customs" in the "Southern Country Chapter", which points out the theme of "having talents but not being appreciated". The two sentences are the same, expressing a deep sigh at the end. In the quotation from "Beauty Chapter" above, ten sentences are omitted under the two sentences of "Shuangxiu". These ten sentences, together with the two sentences of "Shuangxiu", describe the posture and attire of the Chengnan girl, depicting her beauty from all aspects. , and the "Southern Country" chapter describes the beauty of beauties, using only the sentence "Rong Hua Ruo picks up plums", which is very concise. The "Beauty Chapter" is also richer in descriptions in other aspects than the "Southern Country" chapter, but the section describing the posture and attire of beauties is particularly outstanding. These two poems use metaphors to write about the same theme, but use slightly different writing methods. The "Southern Country" chapter is concise and hearty, while the "Beauty Chapter" is gorgeous and vivid. The sense of similarity here reflects Cao Zhi's superb writing talent.
Zhong Rong's "Shi Pin" commented on Cao Zhi's poems: "The character is extremely high, the lyrics are splendid, the emotions are both elegant and resentful, and the body and texture are refined.
"This is a very profound comment on Cao Zhi's poetry. "Emotion and elegance and resentment" refers to the ideological content, which points out that Cao Zhi's poetry has the characteristics of "little elegance, resentment but not chaos". Many of Cao Zhi's later poems express his sorrows, which is indeed true. Most of them are similar to Xiaoya's words of complaint. The "Southern Country Chapter" and "Beauty Chapter" in "Miscellaneous Poems" are examples. The character of the character is the character of the character, which is the character of the character. The cheerful and vigorous style and the richness of the words praise the richness of Cao Zhi's poetry. Zhong Rong advocates that poetry should be "drying with wind (i.e. style) and nourishing with Dancai" ("Preface to Poems"), that is, using cheerfulness. With a strong character as the backbone, and then polished with gorgeous diction, the two are combined to achieve a beautiful artistic realm. Cao Zhi's poems are "extraordinarily high in character and luxuriant in diction", which meets his artistic standards, so he has received great praise. High praise. When Hu Yinglin of the Ming Dynasty commented on Cao Zhi's poems in "Five Journeys" and "Ascension to Heaven", he said: "The words are grand and rich, but the spirit is clear. " (Volume 1 of "Shi Sou") also inherited Zhong Rong's criticism standards.
Generally speaking, Cao Zhi's poems have both style and diction, but after careful analysis, different Poems tend to focus on a certain aspect, some are more powerful, and some are more magnificent. Some of his poems, such as "Honghou Yin", "Beauty Chapter", "White Horse Chapter" and "Famous Capital Chapter". ", etc., are generally slightly longer in length, with more couplets and narratives, and their eloquent style is more prominent, but they still have a strong character. There are also some poems, such as "Noda Yellow Bird's Journey" and "Taishan". "Liang Fuxing", "Six Miscellaneous Poems", etc. are generally shorter in length, more concise in description, and less in couplets and elaborations. This type of poems more clearly shows the characteristics of extraordinarily high character, but they still have the grace of words. Wang Shizhen commented on Cao Zhi's poem and said: "Zijian is a talented and beautiful person. Although he has been praised throughout the ages, he is actually inferior to his father and brother. Why? The talent is too high and the speech is too polished. " (Volume 3 of "Yi Yuan Yan") Wang Shizhen believes that Cao Zhi's poetry achievement is lower than that of Cao Cao and Cao Pi, and his opinion may not be fair. However, Cao Zhi's poetry does greatly surpass his father and brother in terms of brilliant lyrics, especially such as "Honghou Yin" and "Beauty Beauty". Wang Shizhen also said: "Zi Huan's two "Miscellaneous Poems" and Zijian's six "Miscellaneous Poems" can be included in the "Nineteen Poems", but they cannot be distinguished. " (ibid.) He also spoke highly of Cao Zhi's six "Miscellaneous Poems" in terms of the simplicity and robustness of his style, and believed that they could be compared with the "Nineteen Ancient Poems" written by Anonymous in the Han Dynasty. Wang Shizhen did not like the gorgeous style of writing, so he made this comment to Cao Zhi evaluation, but it can also be seen from this that Cao Zhi’s different poems do focus on certain aspects of style and diction.
The poem "Southern Country" in "Miscellaneous Poems". Among them, the two sentences "The customs of the times are thin and beautiful" are also of great literary talent; but generally speaking, its main artistic features are concise and direct, short words and long feelings, rich connotations, and profound artistic conception. Although it is not like "Beauty Chapter" 》The presentation is meticulous and the words are gorgeous, but it also has a hearty and natural beauty that can withstand chanting and chewing.