Second, from the topic:
Poems can be selected freely, and words must have epigraph names.
Third, from the relationship with music:
In ancient times, unhappy people were called poems, and happy people were called songs. In modern times, they are collectively called poetry. However, poetry eventually broke away from music, and only after breaking away from music did it become mature and prosperous. However, Ci originated from the soil of music, and musicality is the most basic feature of Ci-style literature. Even in the Southern Song Dynasty, after Ci no longer completely entered the musical aria and became a new kind of metrical poem, it still had to be filled according to the rhythm and tune stipulated in Ci.
Fourth, in form: 1, different sentence patterns:
There are metrical poems and quatrains, seven-character poems and five-character poems. The style of metrical poems is unified, and the length of ancient poems is arbitrary. For example, Liu Zongyuan's Fisherman is a seven-character poem:
An old fisherman spent the night here. Under the cliff in the west, he dipped in pure water and made a bamboo fire. The sun disappears like a cloud, and the sound of sculls comes from green mountains and green waters. Looking back, the fishing boat has drifted below the horizon, and white clouds are floating in the mountains, chasing each other.
Wang Wei's Farewell is a five-character poem. I got off the horse, poured you wine and asked where you were going and why. You said you would go back to Zhongnanshan because you were not proud of your life. So please allow me to leave, don't ask me any questions, white clouds have no end there.
Characters can be roughly divided into Xiao Ling (less than 58 words), Middle Tone (59-90 words) and Long Tone (more than 9 1 word, with the longest word reaching 240 words). A word, some with only one paragraph, is called monotony; Some are divided into two sections, called double tones; Some are divided into three or four sections, which are called three or four sections. Moreover, words have epigrams, words have a fixed format under the name of each epigram, and several words in each sentence have requirements.
For example, the format of an inscription in Nan Ge Zi is: (Example: Wen)
Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat. With a golden parrot in his hand. Embroidered phoenix on the chest. Steal an eye and make a dark appearance. It's best to get married and then. Be a mandarin duck.
The epigraph format of Rumengling (such as Li Qingzhao)
Flat and light, flat and light. Very flat, very flat, very flat. Ping, ping, ping, ping.
I often remember the pavilion by the stream next to the pavilion until the sunset, intoxicated by the beautiful scenery and lingering. Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng. How to row a boat out, accidentally, but scared a group of Oulu.
2. The rhyme rules of poetry are also different:
Metric poems only use flat rhymes, rhyme to the end, rhyme every other sentence, and the first sentence can be suppressed or not;
The words are flat and even, with rhyme in the middle and variable rhyme feet, but according to the rules of meter.
3. The antithesis rules of poetry are also very different:
The second couplet and the third couplet of metrical poems must be antithetical, but if they are antithetical, they are much more flexible and have no unified requirements. These two points can be seen from the above example. From the aspect of subject matter content: "poetry expresses ambition" (writing more about one's home country leads to ups and downs in life); Romance (mostly romance and love between men and women). Poetry mainly focuses on political themes, with the rise and fall of the country, the sufferings of people's livelihood, lofty aspirations and ups and downs of official career as the main contents, mainly expressing the feelings of social groups, such as Tan Sitong's poem "Prison Wall". Go to two Kunlun mountains to stay ";
A striking feature of Ci's theme content is that it mainly describes the difference between men and women and lovesickness, and mostly expresses the author's personal feelings. Ci can be roughly divided into graceful and unconstrained schools. Graceful words are elegant, graceful and full of music; Like Liu Yong's "Where do you wake up tonight?" Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon "; Yan Shu's "Helpless Flowers Fall, I have met Yan Gui"; Yan's famous sentence, "Liu Lou's heart dances low, and the peach blossom fan sings at the bottom", is a lyrical masterpiece with a blend of scenes and has artistic merit. Bold ci began with Su Shi. He helped Ci break away from the world of entertaining guests and develop into an independent lyric art. Landscape scenery, farmhouse scenery, carefree travel and ambition to serve the country all became the theme of Ci in his hands, which made Ci move from flowers to flowers to broad social life.
Fifth, from the aspect of language features:
From the linguistic point of view, the language of poetry tends to be natural and fresh, and the language of writing tends to be exquisite and gorgeous. Poetry is a typical language art, while Ci is a typical exquisite language art. Because the theme of Ci is mostly related to women, the language of Ci is also soft, soft and fragrant.
Six in terms of style and artistic conception:
Poetry is fascinating. The emotional expression of poetry tends to be solemn; The emotional expression of words is often charming. The emotional expression of "poetry reveals words" tends to be explicit and clear; The emotional expression of words is often implicit. "Poetry is firm but words are soft": the emotional expression of poetry tends to be vigorous and bright, while the emotional expression of words tends to be soft and delicate. "Poetry has territory and words are long". The realm of poetry is open, while the realm of words is narrow and profound. For example:
Tang poetry: (Liu Yuxi's autumn poems)
Autumn has been sad and lonely since ancient times. I say autumn is better than spring tide. There is no one in the clear sky in Wan Li, and a crane, Ling Yunfei, has aroused my meditation on the blue sky.
The poet's lofty aspirations are manifested in the crane flying high, the clear autumn sky and the clouds rising straight.