Nian Nujiao Nostalgia for the Red Cliff. Appreciation of the whole poem is as follows:
works appreciation
Xu Hong, a critic of Ci in Qing Dynasty, said that Dongpo's Ci "has its own heroism" (Volume III of Ci Yuan Cong Tan). In Dongpo Yuefu, the most heroic masterpiece is Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia, which is known as the "eternal swan song". This poem was written by Su Shi when he visited Chibi (Biji) outside Huanggang, and it was one of the most striking works in the Northern Song Dynasty.
This word is used to write scenery before writing, paving the way for the emergence of the protagonist. At first, it started from the Yangtze River flowing eastward, and then "the waves washed away" linked the surging surging surging river with historical celebrities, which arranged an extremely broad and long time and space background. People can not only see the surging river, but also want to see the outstanding spirit of romantic figures, and also appreciate the inner ups and downs induced by the author's talented people standing by the river, with great boldness of vision and extraordinary brushwork. Then the words "old base area" point out that this is the legendary ancient Red Cliff battlefield. As early as 870 years before Su Shi wrote this word, Zhou Yu, a famous Soochow player, commanded Battle of Red Cliffs on the south bank of the Yangtze River, defeating the strong with the weak. There are always different opinions about the specific location of the battlefield in those days. Dongpo is only talking about nostalgia here to express his feelings, and readers don't have to carve a boat for the sword. "Human nature is", and the following words are very measured. "Red Cliff in Zhou Lang" is not only a combination of words, but also a foreshadowing for Xiatan to remember Gong Jin. The next three sentences "Shake" show the magnificent scenery of Chibi: the steep cliffs rise into the clouds, the surging waves violently hit the riverbank, and the surging river rolled up thousands of surging snow waves. This vivid description from different angles, appealing to different feelings, swept away the mediocre and depressed atmosphere, and immediately brought readers into a thrilling and dangerous state, which made people's brains wide open and their spirits high.
Fan a few words, always tie up the top and lift the next shovel. "Picturesque" is an exquisite and blurted-out compliment, which should be the natural conclusion drawn by the author and readers from the magnificent picture of nature provided by the above art. "Outstanding people and beautiful mountains and rivers" will inevitably produce, nurture and attract countless outstanding heroes. The Three Kingdoms is an era of talented people: Cao Cao, who can write poems, Sun Quan, who shoots at tigers, Zhuge Liang, who is right in Longzhong, and Zhou Gongjin, who is resourceful ... It can really be said that "how many heroes were there!"
Shang Kun focused on landscape, concentrating the distance between time and space on people in the Three Kingdoms period. However, among the numerous figures in the Three Kingdoms, Su Shi particularly yearned for Zhou Yu, Na Zhi's arch-rival, so he drew five sentences from Overlooking and concentrated on shaping the image of Zhou Yu, a young general. On the basis of historical facts, the author selects materials that can express the personality of the characters, and vividly depicts the characters from several aspects through artistic concentration, refining and processing. According to historical records, in the third year of Jian 'an, Sun Ce personally married Zhou Yu, who was 24 years old at that time, and awarded him the title of "Jianwei corps commander", and together with him captured Anhui City. Zhou Yu married Xiao Qiao when he won the battle of Wancheng, and it was ten years before he commanded the famous Battle of Red Cliffs. Here, ten years of events come together. Before writing Battle of Red Cliffs, I suddenly inserted the life details of "Xiao Qiao's first marriage" and set off the protagonist with beauty, which shows that Zhou Yu is handsome, young and promising, which is enviable enough. At the same time, it also reminds people that winning the war against Cao is the guarantee to seize Jiangdong and develop a victorious situation, otherwise it will inevitably lead to serious consequences, such as Du Mu's poem Red Cliff. This can make people realize the significance of this war. "Proud and heroic, black silk scarf with feather fan" describes Zhou Yu's elegance from the portrait expression. Black silk scarf, black silk headscarf and "kudzu towel hair fan" are common costumes of Confucian generals since the Three Kingdoms. Focusing on their appearance and costumes, Zhou Yu, as a commander-in-chief, is natural and calm in the face of the battle, which shows that he is confident of winning the war. "Laughing and laughing, vanishing in smoke" captures the characteristics of the war between fire and water and accurately summarizes the victory scene of the whole war. According to the "Three Kingdoms" cited "Biography of the River Table". At that time, Zhou Yu commanded Wu Jun to use a light warship, full of dry wood, soaked in fish oil, lied about surrendering, and set sail for Cao Jun. For a time, "the fire was soaring, the ship was like an arrow, and the flying Egypt was absolutely rotten, and the north ship was burned." Only the word "ash" is used to describe Cao Jun's fiasco. It is conceivable that Zhou Yu, an extraordinary young general, can command the water army and resist the strong enemy from Hengjiang, making the other side's ten thousand ships turn to ashes in an instant. Su Shi praised Zhou Yu so much because he realized the weakness of the national strength in the Northern Song Dynasty and the serious threat of the military regime in Liao and Xia Dynasties. He always cares about the border war and is keen on serving the country. Facing the deepening of the border crisis and witnessing Song Ting's indifference and cowardice, he is very eager to become a hero who dominated for a while like the Three Kingdoms to reverse this very depressed situation. This is an ideological opportunity for the author to cherish the memory of Battle of Red Cliffs and carefully shape Zhou Yu, the core figure who directed this war drama.
However, the current political reality and the bumpy situation of the poet being demoted to Huangzhou have formed great contradictions with his desire to revitalize the dynasty and serve the country. Therefore, once the poet falls into reality from the "wandering old country", his thoughts are deep and he can't help sighing. The poet feels old prematurely because of his careless way, which is in sharp contrast with Zhou, who achieved great success in the same year. However, life is too short to let all kinds of "leisure worries" haunt you. Let's watch the river and enjoy the moon. "A bronze statue on the Yangtze River returns to the moon", a poet who is broad-minded, knowledgeable and good at masturbation seems to emerge in front of readers. At the end of the day, the torrent of emotion rises and falls, just like a river rushing in a wide field on the plateau, meeting a valley, turning slightly and continuing to flow to the boundless front. This is a reflection of the author's psychology after the sharp conflict between history and present situation, ideal and reality. This kind of ups and downs makes readers feel real, and in a sense, it can also cause readers to think.
Generally speaking, this word is magnificent in weather, rich in style, singing in the clouds, magnificent and unprecedented in momentum, as the preface to wine says: "It seems to wash away the fragrance." The whole article is carefully chosen, but it is also lined with harmonious sentences. Handsome generals and young beautiful women set each other off as an interest, and the thoughts of lofty sentiments and super-broad feelings overlap and turn, making the village harmonious and straight. Especially for the first time, he created a hero image with unprecedented boldness of vision and artistic strength, revealed the author's feelings of being willing to serve the country and being willing to pay, and opened up a new way to express important social themes with ci, which had great influence. According to Yu Wenbao's record of blowing swords, some people thought that this word must have been sung by a big man from Kansai with a copper pipa and an iron rake. Although they are limited by traditional ideas, they can't help sneering at the new style of Dongpo's ci, but on the other hand, it also shows that the appearance of this word has really had a deafening impact on the ci circle in the Northern Song Dynasty, where the lingering sound is still prevalent. ? [3]? [ 10]?
Song Huzai's Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden in Conghua: Dongpo's Red Cliff Poem "River of No Return" is a masterpiece of ancient and modern times. (The Prequel to the Biography of the Hidden Fish (Volume 59) "The Back Mountain Poetry Talk" says: "Retreat and use the text as poetry, and Zi Zhan uses poetry as a word, such as teaching the workshop to make the thunder dance. Although it is extremely famous, it should not be true. " What I said about Houshan was too much. Zi Zhan has the most beautiful words, but also outstanding at that time, such as "the river of no return, the waves wash away all the romantic figures through the ages." -Chibi Ci, ... These more than ten words are absolutely out of place, creating places that the ancients could not reach, which really makes people sigh. It is a big mistake to say that poetry is a word. (Volume 26 of "After Gathering Fish and Hiding Conghua")
Song Yu Wenbao's Record of Continued Blowing Sword: Dongpo has a mentor in Yutang. Because I asked, "What is my character like Liu Qi?" He replied: "Liu Langzhong had no choice but to marry 178 girls, hold the red fangs and sing' Yang Liuan's Xiao Feng can't hold the moon. The bachelor must be from Kansai, holding an iron plate and singing' River of No Return'. "Volkswagen was completely defeated. In addition, Dongpo has the words "river of no return" and "river" that can be used, but others cannot be used. However, meaning is everywhere, and his words are irreplaceable, though heavy and harmless. Nowadays, people can read words, but they generally don't say anything. Point out the harsh words first.
An Shi's "Xiang Family Theory" Volume 8: Singers often change ancient words because of taboos, and later generations don't know why, so there were many criticisms before. For example, the taboo of "collapse" in Su Ci was changed to "wear empty".
Song Dynasty, "Cloud Mountain Foothills Full of Money" Volume 6: Dongpo Huangzhou Ci Yun: "Humanity is the Red Cliff of the Three Kingdoms." It is also doubtful that it is correct. Today Jianghan said that there are five people in Chibi: Hanyang, Jiangchuan, Huangzhou, Jiayu and Jiangxia, but Jiangxia is in line with history.
Zhang Songbangji's "Mo Zhuang Man Lu" Volume 9: Dongpo's long and short sentences say: "On the west side of the old base area, the humanities are Zhou Lang Chibi." This is just a rumor. Today, under Yueyang and above Jiayu, there is Wulin Red Cliff. Gai Gongjin set sail from Wuchang, sailing smoothly, going upstream and fighting against Chibi. Du Fu has a poem "Send a message to Yue Zhou Li": "The Wulin grass is far away, and the red cliff sails." Then it really defeated the land of Wei Jun.
Song Zeng Jili's Poem on the Boat Zhai: Dongpo's poem The River of No Return, in which the cloud says, "Humanity is the Red Cliff of the Three Kingdoms in Zhou Lang." Chen Mei said, "You don't have to go to the Three Kingdoms." Dongpo changed the cloud to "the same day". I wonder if Dongpo has changed it since the printed version has been published twice.
Q: Zhou Lang is the prototype of Dongpo's Chibi Ci. There are only more than a hundred words between the lines, but the characters in Jiangshan have no complicated meanings, which is perfect as the swan song of Yuefu.
Shen Ming Jifei's Poems of Caotang: The language is gorgeous and carefree, and he is not arrogant at first.
Ming He's Zhushantang Volume II: The Prime Minister Wen Bing was defeated, Yuan people were put on the boat and then jumped into the sea. The cliff mountain is flat and crosses the ridge in the north. Dao Jiangyou wrote two poems entitled The Moon on the Yangtze River, both of which used the rhyme of Dongpo's Red Cliff.
On Ancient and Modern Ci by Qing Wang: Dongpo's Ci is "River of No Return", "West of the old base area, humanity is the Red Cliff of the Three Kingdoms", the argument should be read with the word "yes" and the meaning should be read with the word "edge". "Xiao Qiao is newly married, handsome and heroic", and the word "Le" should be the next sentence, while the word "Le" should be the last sentence in meaning, and the words "affectionate and early birth" and "I" should be the same. ..... The article is a text and the song is a song; But the song does not hinder the text, and the text does not hinder the song; It is the place where Pogong's talents are released, and it is also in his family, and it is also the method of Ci writers.
Xu Qing 'ang Xiao commented on the couple: Together, they are really like the sons of Taiyuan. If you throw a stone in a few words, then everyone knows its work. "How many heroes at a time" should be born. Self-narration that "the old country fell" and "a statue belongs to the Yangtze River and the bright moon" also belongs to Chibi.
Su Huang's Poems on Setting a prairie ablaze in Qing Dynasty: The title is homesickness, which means that I have exhausted my powerful heart. The opening words "The River Never Returning" sigh for people that you and Zhou Lang are together. From the sentence of "old base area" to the sentence of "disappearing", Zhou Lang in Chibi is written. The sentence "Old Country" was folded by Zhou Lang for himself. The sentence "Life is like a dream" should be summarized in two sentences. In short, the topic is red cliff, and the heart is really for itself. Zhou Lang is the guest, and he is the host. Borrow the guest to set the master, and put the master in the guest. Whether it is the subject or the object, it is bizarre and changeable, and it is an idea that can be drawn after careful consideration. Don't just recite the words without knowing their meaning.
source
Nostalgia in Chibi —— Su Shi
original text
The surging river flows eastward, and those heroes of the past are gone forever. Old camp west, people say it's the war of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once.
Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. Feather fan nylon scarf, talking and laughing, I am dying (I am the work: Qiang). I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Life is like a dream, and a statue is still on the moon (life is a work: the world; Zuntong: Zuntong).
translate
River of no return, wash out those romantic figures through the ages. To the west of the ancient battlefield, it is said that Zhou Yu of the Three Kingdoms broke Cao Jun's Red Cliff, surrounded by high rocks and mountains, and the cliffs on both sides were like clouds. The stormy waves are beating violently on the other side, and the rolled waves are like thousands of snow in winter. Jiangshan is so picturesque, how many heroes have emerged at one time.
Think back to the famous Yu. Xiao Qiao has just married him, and he is very dashing. With a feather fan in his hand and a black silk scarf on his head, he was laughing calmly and smartly, and 800,000 Cao Jun was like ashes. Now immersed in the ancient battlefield, wandering in the past. Ironically, I have so much nostalgia for the past that my temples are as white as old age. Life is like a hazy dream. A toast to the eternal moon.
Keyword annotation
Niannujiao: the name of the epigraph. Also known as "Hundred Characters Order" and "Qi Jiang Yue". Chibi: This refers to the "Red Nose Rock" in the west of Huanggang, Hubei Province. Chibi, the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms, is considered by the cultural circles to be in the northwest of Puyin County, chibi city City, Hubei Province.
Dajiang: refers to the Yangtze River.
Tao: Wash, wash.
Romantic figure: refers to an outstanding historical celebrity.
Old base: a camp left over from the past.
Zhou Lang: This refers to Zhou Yu, a famous soldier of the State of Wu in the Three Kingdoms, whose name was Gong Jin. He was a successful young man. At the age of 24, he was a corps commander who was in charge of the heavy army in Wu Dong. Wuzhong is called "Zhou Lang". The following "Gong Jin" refers to Zhou Yu.
Snow: a metaphor for waves.
Think far: describe thinking far; memory
Xiao Qiao's first marriage (Li m︱o): According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms and Wu Yuchuan, Zhou Yu attacked Anhui from Sun Ce. Cezi Bridge, You Na Bridge. "Joe, this is a bridge. Ten years have passed since Battle of Red Cliffs, and the word "first marriage" here means that his youth is proud and charming.
Magnificent and heroic (fā): refers to Zhou Yu's extraordinary physical appearance and excellent conversation. English hair, extraordinary speech, excellent knowledge.
Guān towel: the casual clothes of ancient Confucian generals. Feather fan, a fan made of feathers. Black silk and scarves made of black silk.
Qiáng: refers to Cao Cao's naval warships. Hang, hang the mast. Paddles, paddles for rocking boats. Rudder rudder rudder rudder rudder rudder rudder rudder rudder stern; 3333333333; 3333333333333 Dongpo Yuefu, Song Shanben series, is an engraving of Yuan Yanshou, known as "Strong Lu". The original collection of Haiyuan Pavilion in Yanshou has been collected by famous artists such as Ji, Gu Guangqi and Huang Pilie. The frontispiece has an inscription by Huang Pilie, describing its origin in detail.
Old Country Drift: Old Country Drift: This refers to the old place, the battlefield of Chibi in those days. Fugue: Traveling in imagination and dreams.
"Affectionate" sentence: "Ying Xiao Wo is affectionate and prosperous early". Fahua: Gray hair.
(huán) Statue of Jiang Yue (lèi): The ancients paid tribute to the moon and poured wine on the ground. Here refers to sprinkling wine to pay for the moon and pinning feelings. Zun: bronze "Zun", wine glass.
A powerful enemy refers to Cao Junlu, a disparaging term for the enemy.
Creation background
Song Shenzong yuanfeng five years (1082), when Su Shi exiled Huangzhou. At that time, the author was forty-five years old and was demoted to Huangzhou for more than two years because of Wutai poetry case. Su Shi was demoted for satirizing the new law in his poems and was condemned by Luo Zhi, a new bureaucrat. He has endless worries in his heart, so he travels around to relax. I happened to come to Chibi (Biji) outside Huangzhou City. The magnificent scenery here touched the author greatly, which made the author sigh that time flies while recalling Zhou Yu's infinite scenery during the Three Kingdoms period, so he wrote this word.
The last volume of Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing and Concealing Conghua" contains twenty-eight years of Dongpo language: "On the west foot of Huangzhou, the stone color is like Dan, saying that Cao Gong was defeated by the so-called Red Cliff. Or: No, Cao Gong was defeated and returned from Huarong Road. The muddy road makes the old and the weak pass first. He said: "Liu Bei's opinion is late, and Huarong Road is busy. If we set it on fire, I will feel completely inferior. "Today, Huarong Town is located on the other side of Chibi, which is several places. However, there is Huarong County in Yuezhou, but I don't know who it is. Li Weixiu came today, because he was carrying wine on the boat and drinking under the red cliff. Shan Li played the flute, drank too much, and played many tricks. The wind and water surged, the big fish came out, there were perches on the mountain, and it began. I miss Meng De and Gong Jin, just like yesterday! "
Brief introduction of the author
Su Shi (1037—110/) was a writer in the Song Dynasty. The word Zi Zhan, the word He Zhong, the number Dongpo lay man. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. Su Xun's eldest son. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar. In addition to the Chinese book Sheren, Hanlin Bachelor, Duanming Temple Bachelor, and the history of the Ministry of Rites. He was successively sentenced to Hangzhou, Zhimi, Xuzhou, Huzhou and Yingzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Huangzhou was demoted to the new law. Later, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou. Song Huizong, forgive me. Died in Changzhou. Chasing Wenzhong. He is knowledgeable, versatile and good at writing, engineering poetry and calligraphy. Yu Ci is "uninhibited and uninhibited, and doesn't like to cut and follow the rhythm", with rich themes and broad artistic conception. He broke through the traditional barrier of "Ci is a colorful subject" since the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty, and took poetry as his ci, which created an uninhibited school and had a great influence on later generations. Dongpo and Dongpo's Ci have seven episodes.