First, talk more.
Create more opportunities for yourself to speak English with English teachers. When you meet classmates, especially with good friends, try to greet and talk about your feelings in English ... then you need to carry a small English-Chinese translation dictionary with you. When you meet new words, you don't have to remember them deliberately. If you use it a lot, the word will be remembered naturally. Never take learning English as a burden, and always take it as an interesting thing to do.
Maybe if you have a chance to meet a foreigner, you should boldly go up and say hello to him and talk about the weather, scenery and school ... just don't ask him personal questions such as his age and marriage history. Try to talk to him with some words and sentences you have learned. Soon you will find it much easier to talk with foreigners than to speak English with China people. Because he uses many simple words when he talks to you, and he doesn't pay much attention to expression. As long as the pronunciation is accurate, we will be able to communicate smoothly. You just have to be confident and dare to express your ideas.
It doesn't matter if you don't have the right partner. You can take a book or something as the object of imagination and talk about what you have seen and heard in a day, your happiness, your sadness and so on. If you insist on doing this, your spoken English will certainly be greatly improved.
Second, listen more.
Look for every opportunity to listen to English. When others talk in English, you should boldly participate and listen to the pronunciation of all kinds of people, regardless of gender, age, fast-paced and slow-paced. If such opportunities are rare, you can choose articles you don't know, which will be of great help to yourself. Listening to the tapes of the learned texts will be of great help to your language intonation learning.
Third, read more books.
"Reading" can be divided into two types. One is "silent reading". Practicing for a certain time every day will be of great benefit to you to improve your reading speed. What you read can be your textbook, but it's better to have some interesting little books, because the English college entrance examination now pays more and more attention to reading quantity and reading speed. The score of each question has a great relationship with your comprehension ability, so after three years of reading training in high school, you will definitely win the college entrance examination. The other is "reading aloud", which is an indispensable way to learn a language.
Fourth, write more.
Some students always complain that time is tight and they have no time to write their compositions. In fact, there are many forms of "writing", and it is not necessary to improve writing ability just by writing. For example, write down some important things that happened in your day, or learn a phrase that day. You can create a context and use the word appropriately. This will help you remember the usage of this word and exercise your writing ability. For example, when learning the word "wish", you can write a short paragraph as follows:
Teachers often ask us what we want to do in the future. My good friend Tom hopes to be a soldier. However, I am different. I hope I will be a teacher in the future. But my mother wants me to be a doctor.
Just a few words: but several uses of wish have jumped from the page, and writing it down will be much more impressive, which is much more interesting and relaxed than memorizing the use of wish.
It doesn't take much time to learn English. Walking 10 minutes can practice "talking". You can read English novels for a while after dinner and listen to English for a few minutes before going to bed, which can make you have a better rest ... As long as you spend some time practicing English every day, your English score will definitely improve quickly.
Skills of memorizing English words
1, circular memory method
The Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve
The human brain is a treasure house of memory. What the human brain has experienced, the problems it has thought about, the feelings and emotions it has experienced, and the actions it has practiced can all be the contents of human memory. For example, in English learning, words, phrases, sentences, and even the content of articles are all accomplished by memory. There is a process from "memory" to "memory", including memory, retention, cognition and memory. Many people only pay attention to the memory effect at that time in the process of learning English. Who knows, it takes some effort to learn and remember well. Simply paying attention to the memory effect at that time and ignoring the later maintenance and recognition will not achieve good results.
In information processing, memory is the process of encoding, storing and extracting input information. From the perspective of information processing, the first learning and reciting of English is only a process of coding input. Physiologically speaking, human memory ability is amazing. It can store 10 15 bits (bytes) of information, but only 10% of everyone's memory treasure house has been excavated, and there is still more memory space. This is because some people only pay attention to the effect of memory at that time, but ignore the bigger problem of memory-the firmness of memory, which involves the law of memory forgetting that is often said in psychology.
First, the interpretation of Ebbinghaus's memory law curve
There is a famous German psychologist named hermann ebbinghaus (1850- 1909). After his experimental report was published in 1885, memory research became one of the most studied fields in psychology, and Ebbinghaus was the first person to discover the law of memory forgetting.
As far as we know, memory retention is different in time, including short-term memory and long-term memory. And our usual memory process is like this:
The input information becomes short-term memory after learning in the process of people's attention, but if it is not reviewed in time, these remembered things will be forgotten, and after reviewing in time, these short-term memories will become long-term memories and stay in the brain for a long time. So, for us, what is forgetting? Forgetting means that we can't recognize or recall what we have already remembered, or that we can't recognize and recall something wrong. These are forgetfulness. Ebbinghaus took himself as the test object when he did this experiment, and he came to some conclusions about memory. He chose some meaningless syllables, that is, many letter combinations that can't spell words, such as asww, cfhhj, ijikmb, rfyjbc and so on. He got some data after self-testing.
Then, Ebbinghaus drew a curve according to these points, which is a very famous curve to reveal the law of forgetting: Ebbinghaus forgetting curve, in which the vertical axis represents the amount of knowledge remembered in learning, the horizontal axis represents time (days), and the curve represents the law of memory change.
This curve tells people that forgetting in learning is regular and the process of forgetting is unbalanced. It's not fixed to lose a few in one day and a few in the next day. The speed of forgetting in the initial stage of memory is very fast, and then it gradually slows down. Time is long, almost no longer forgotten. This is the development law of forgetting, that is, the principle of "fast first and then slow". Observing this forgetting curve, you will find that after one day, if you don't review quickly, you will only have 25% of your original knowledge. As time goes on, the speed of forgetting slows down and the number of forgetting times decreases. Someone did an experiment. Two groups of students learned a text. Group A reviewed soon after learning, while Group B did not review. After one day, group A retained 98% and group B retained 56%. After one week, group A retained 83% and group B retained 33%. The average forgetting rate of group B is higher than that of group A. ..
Second, different materials have different forgetting curves.
Moreover, Ebbinghaus also found that memorizing 12 meaningless syllables requires an average of 16.5 repetitions. In order to remember 36 meaningless chapters, it needs to be repeated 54 times; Reciting six poems with 480 syllables only needs to be repeated 8 times on average! This experiment tells us that all the knowledge we understand can be remembered quickly, comprehensively and firmly. Otherwise, rote learning will be thankless. So those meaningful materials are easier to remember, while those meaningless materials take more effort in memory and are not easy to recall later. Therefore, Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve is a kind of forgetting curve, and for meaningless syllables, Ebbinghaus' drawing forgetting curves of different materials is different from other materials, but basically the same.
Therefore, Ebbinghaus's experiment fully proves to us a truth: study should be diligent in reviewing, and the better the understanding effect of memory, the slower the speed of forgetting.
Thirdly, different people have different Ebbinghaus memory curves-personalized Ebbinghaus.
The Ebbinghaus memory curve above is a curve generated by Ebbinghaus after a lot of tests in the laboratory, and it is a group law with * * * *. This memory curve does not consider the individual's personality characteristics, but seeks a memory law at a balance point.
But the law of memory can be specific to each of us, because our different physiological characteristics and life experiences may lead to different memory habits, ways and characteristics. Law can only play a catalytic role in the transformation of the world by natural persons. If it conforms to everyone's memory characteristics, it is like sailing against the current, a thousand miles a day; If it goes against the characteristics of personal memory, the memory effect will be greatly reduced. Therefore, we should find our own Ebbinghaus memory curve according to everyone's different characteristics.
2. How to learn English
Make up one's mind and persevere
As a language skill, English learning can be mastered by anyone through a lot of training and practice. Generally speaking, the principle of English learning is to take the lead in listening and speaking and keep up with reading and writing. Li Yang's crazy English advocates that we should first establish confidence in learning English well, then imitate a lot in sentences, practice crazily and read aloud, and finally speak English freely. His method is very effective in improving my oral English. Professor Zhong Daolong began to learn English at the age of 45. A year later, he went abroad to study and became an interpreter, creating a reverse learning method of English, which is urgent, urgent and fast. He also suggested that learning English should follow the methods of listening, writing, speaking, remembering and thinking. His method emphasizes listening and writing down everything he hears. In particular, his learning spirit is the best. He used more than a dozen tape recorders to learn English. You can imagine how much English he listened to. The used ballpoint pen core is almost full of a can. You can imagine how much he wrote. In a year and a half, he accumulated about 3000 hours of spare-time English learning time, which means that he spends several hours learning English every day. If we do as he does, we will certainly learn English well. The most important thing is persistence. As long as you can make up your mind to learn English for at least one hour every day and beat yourself, you will certainly gain something.
Pay attention to methods and step by step.
Make up your mind and pay attention to your learning methods. Sometimes you will choose different learning methods according to your own situation and different learning purposes, but you must learn English step by step. We should master the basic knowledge, that is, correct pronunciation, basic vocabulary, basic sentence patterns and basic grammar.
(1) Please pass the voice pass. Pronounce each phonetic symbol correctly, pay attention to correcting problematic phonemes, especially those that are easily confused, master international phonetic symbols as soon as possible, and try to master some pronunciation rules as soon as possible, so that you can use them to spell words as soon as possible. Mastering pronunciation rules is very useful for memorizing and spelling words.
(2) Master a certain number of English words. It is difficult for learners to master English vocabulary. Learning words should be mastered from three aspects: form, sound and meaning, pay attention to the polysemy of words, the use of multiple words, and learn some knowledge of word formation to expand vocabulary. To learn words, we should learn in language materials, remember words vividly through sentences and reading articles in combination with phrases, and the words remembered are difficult to remember. Before reading and speaking, listen repeatedly. When listening, you should reflect the meaning and rhythm of words and sentences, and think about the spelling and sentence structure of words. And it should be organically combined with learning grammar rules.
(3) Master basic grammar. Grammar is also very important in English learning. It can help us master the basic rules of English. We should remember grammar rules through examples or language phenomena, and master the rules of life through a lot of practice. In short, learning English should be practiced by listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating. We should pay attention not only to quantity, but also to quality, especially to master the basic knowledge accurately and skillfully. Only after a lot of practice can practice make perfect and use it freely.
Preview in advance and be targeted.
As students, before each class, we should preview the text to be learned in advance. First of all, try to spell words with phonetic symbols, or listen and compare them repeatedly with supporting tapes, mark the uncertain words, pay attention to the teacher's pronunciation in class, and remember the Chinese meaning and part of speech of words. Preview the text with notes or tutoring materials, find out what you don't understand, and be aware of it. Pay attention to these places when the teacher lectures. In a word, the purpose of preview is to get familiar with what you want to learn, find out what you don't understand, listen to the class with questions and have a clear aim.
Listen carefully and cooperate actively.
Classroom is the main place for teachers and students to learn, master and apply knowledge together. As a leading teacher, it is necessary to guide students to do a good job in classroom teaching, but it also needs the active cooperation of learners. Listen carefully, take notes, practice seriously and think positively in class. Problems in the preview that the teacher didn't talk about in class should be raised with the teacher and made clear. Pay attention to the problems taught by the teacher first, take notes after class, think about these problems repeatedly, and grasp the key points, difficulties and test sites mentioned by the teacher. In short, in class, we should listen more, watch more, speak more, think more, and mobilize a variety of senses.
Finish your homework and find out the problem.
After learning every lesson, you should finish your homework carefully. When you do your homework, you must not look at the answers to the questions in the reference books. After you have finished, you should check your answers. You should write down the questions you don't understand in your homework and ask them next class. Doing homework is a very important link in English learning. It is a process of digesting and consolidating knowledge. Be sure to finish the prescribed homework carefully, write in written homework, use your mouth in oral homework, practice your ears and improve your listening. On the basis of listening and reading, we'd better recite some wonderful paragraphs. In a word, you should do a lot of exercises. English comes from practice, don't be lazy.
Review and consolidate knowledge in time.
What you have learned will gradually be forgotten over time, but it is normal to forget when learning a language. Not to mention forgetting affects your confidence and determination to learn English well. The problem is how to reduce the degree of forgetting. Be good at analogy, sum up knowledge, and compare and connect the newly learned knowledge with the related knowledge learned in the past horizontally and vertically. Establish error file records to deepen the impression and avoid repeating the same mistakes. Most of our knowledge and skills are acquired through repetition, and timely review is very necessary for memory. Learning English means practicing every day and repeating basic sentence patterns, common vocabulary and basic grammar. The process of learning English is also a process of resisting forgetting.
In short, as long as you make up your mind to study, pay attention to learning methods, preview before class, listen carefully, finish your homework and review in time, you will certainly learn English well.
Supplement:
Read three articles
How to teach yourself English?
/blog/showlog . aspcat _ id = 5 & amp； log_id=298
2. Explore the memory of English words
/question/ 1724070.html
If you want to learn English well, you must first cultivate your interest in English. "Interest is the best teacher", and interest is a great motivation to learn English. With interest, learning will get twice the result with half the effort. We all have this experience: if you like something, it is easy to stick to it; Things you don't like are hard to stick to. Interest is not innate and needs to be cultivated. Some students said, "I have a headache when I see English." How can I cultivate my interest in English? " Another classmate said, "Remember English words today and forget them tomorrow. I'm so stupid. Alas, I'm hopeless. " This is all a sign of lack of confidence. When I first started learning English, I didn't have the right learning methods, the confidence to win, the courage to overcome difficulties and the motivation to make progress. If I fail a little, I will surrender my gun to setbacks and bow to difficulties. You will find English a boring subject. After studying for a period of time, your enthusiasm for learning will gradually decrease, and naturally you will not get good grades. However, with the help of teachers, we should realize the necessity of learning English, treat English learning with a correct attitude and guide learning with scientific methods. At first, take part in some English activities, such as singing English songs, playing English games, reading English humorous articles and practicing oral dialogue. After a long time and more knowledge, I will be interested. Of course, you will have the motivation and desire to learn. Then, like farmers, we must be diligent, tireless, hardworking and sweaty, and we will certainly succeed and reap fruitful results. After all, no pains, no gains.
Practicing basic skills is a necessary condition for learning English well. Without a solid English foundation, it is impossible to continue learning, let alone achieve something. If you want to have solid basic skills, you must concentrate on listening carefully, do a good job in each class, improve classroom efficiency, and do the following "five things" step by step:
First, "the heart is here." In class, we should concentrate and never slack off. Our brains should always be in a positive state and our thinking should be active and open. We should follow the teacher, understand every word, grasp every link, understand every knowledge point, associate more and think more, in order to get the message.
Second, "hand to". When learning English, you must take class notes. Because people's memory is limited, people can't always remember everything. Memory itself is a process of constant struggle with forgetting. As the saying goes, "a good brain is not as good as a bad pen." What the teacher said may be remembered in class and forgotten later, so it is necessary to take notes. English knowledge is also accumulated bit by bit. Every word, phrase and sentence structure you learn is recorded in a notebook, even in the blank or between the lines of the book, which is very convenient for future review and consolidation.
Third, "hearing". In class, it is very necessary to listen carefully, not only to the teacher's explanation of knowledge, but also to the essentials of English pronunciation, such as pronunciation, intonation, stress, linking, loss of speech, sentence breaking, etc., so as to cultivate your pure and authentic spoken English. Hear and understand every knowledge point taught by the teacher, and form feedback in your mind to help you remember; Understand the teacher's questions, so as to answer them quickly, and compare the students' answers to the questions, so as to deepen the understanding of the questions, learn from others and make up for their own shortcomings.
Fourth, "eyes to". While listening carefully, we should also follow the teacher closely with our eyes and observe the teacher's movements, mouth shapes, expressions, blackboard writing, drawing, teaching aid display and so on. The combination of visual information and auditory information formed in the brain will make the impression more profound.
Fifth, "mouth to mouth". You can't learn a language well without opening your mouth. The biggest problem for students is that they don't make any noise when reading, so they are embarrassed to speak. Especially in the morning reading class, students only read with their eyes or silently, so there is only visual information, and there is no feedback of auditory information in their brains. Of course, the memory will not be too deep, and the oral muscles will not be exercised, so it is difficult to practice pure English. So make full use of the clear-headed time in the morning and read aloud; Answer the teacher's questions bravely in class, actively participate in the discussion and debate among students, and ask unclear questions in time after class. We should overcome shyness and not be ashamed to ask questions. Read more texts you have learned, be diligent and take great pains. You can read them with a tape recorder and try to imitate their pronunciation and intonation to correct their pronunciation. You should read them in cadence and fluently, and you'd better recite some classic articles. Seize every possible opportunity to practice oral English, for example, communicate with foreign teachers, participate in "English corner" activities, talk with classmates, tell English stories, sing English songs, perform English short plays and recite poems. Besides carefully reading the model essays in textbooks, we should also read more extracurricular books suitable for our middle school students, which can not only increase our knowledge, but also broaden our horizons and improve our reading level.
Learning English, vocabulary memory is essential, vocabulary is the basis of learning English well. Without vocabulary, there would be no sentences, let alone articles, so memorizing words is extremely important for us. There are two keys to remembering words:
First, perseverance: recite a certain amount of vocabulary every day and review it again in a few days, so that short-term memory can become long-term memory and be firmly mastered. It should be noted that once you start, you must stick to it, never give up halfway, and never fish for three days and dry your net for two days.
The second is a good memory method: there are many ways to remember words. There is no fixed learning method, but there are good learning methods. In my opinion, Zhang Sizhong's "centralized word recognition and classified memory" is a good method suitable for middle school students. Collect and classify 3500 words that middle school students should master, pass the word barrier first, then learn the textbook, and use and consolidate the usage in the textbook. There are many classification methods. Words with the same vowel or vowel combination and the same pronunciation are grouped together. Concentrate on memory according to word form, part of speech, synonyms and antonyms; Words or phrases with the same word formation methods, such as root, prefix, suffix, synthesis, transformation, derivation, etc., are listed together to concentrate on memory, which is more impressive and more obvious. So remember 40-80 words every day, persevere, associate more, think more and use more, and the vocabulary problem will be solved. In the process of learning, pay more attention to the usage of words and the collocation of phrases, and remember the word idioms and sentence patterns that the teacher said, which will not only help us solve problems, but also be handy in writing.
Memorizing words, understanding parts of speech and meanings, mastering their fixed collocations and idioms, and memorizing various usages of tenses and clauses are only half done. We still have to apply them to practice. Just like learning swimming and optical theory, not using it in water does not mean mastering this technology. There is no need to engage in sea tactics, but a certain amount of typical exercises are essential to consolidate the knowledge learned. Pay attention to basic exercises first, such as after-class exercises and unit synchronization exercises. These are all consolidation exercises of classroom knowledge, and we should not aim too high, just want to eat a fat man. Some people do some special exercises in grammar and exam questions after mastering the basic knowledge. In particular, students are encouraged to prepare a set of "wrong questions" and record the representative test questions or language points that they are prone to make mistakes at ordinary times, so as to check and fill in the gaps in the future and make the mastery of knowledge achieve twice the result with half the effort.
English is a language. You must either remember words, phrases, sentence patterns and grammar items or learn them well. The key lies in the use of language, so you must pay attention to the all-round development of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation when learning English. English learning is first a process of memorization, and then a process of practice. In any case, learning English is essential. This is a gradual process, which accumulates over time. There is no shortcut, and there is no so-called "quick cure". You can't learn English well if you are eager for success and don't do practical things. Any success depends on your own efforts, you should study step by step, be diligent and earnest, have a correct attitude, and take setbacks and failures seriously. Failure is not terrible, what is terrible is losing confidence in yourself and never recovering. For the failure of the exam, calmly analyze and seriously think, as long as you are full of confidence in the victory, good at summing up experiences and lessons, and constantly strive and pursue, the victory will definitely belong to you.