Zhu Ziqing 1920 graduated from Philosophy Department of Peking University, 1925 taught in Chinese Department of Tsinghua University. After 1928, he mainly engaged in literary criticism and the study of ancient China literature. 193 1 went to study in Britain and returned to China the following year to succeed Professor Tsinghua University.
There are 27 kinds of Zhu Ziqing's works, * * about 1.9 million words, including poetry, prose, literary criticism, academic research and so on. Most of the income is four volumes of Zhu Ziqing's collected works published by Ming Kai Bookstore 1953. From 65438 to 0988, Jiangsu Education Publishing House collected, sorted out and published six complete works of Zhu Ziqing. Although Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems after the May 4th Movement, the Qinhuai River under the Shadows of Paddles and Lights published by 1923 shows his talent in prose creation. From then on, he devoted himself to prose creation and made remarkable achievements. 1928' s collection of essays "Back" made Zhu Ziqing a famous prose writer at that time.
Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyric prose. The theme of his works can be divided into three series: one is a group of essays with the main content of writing social life and attacking dark reality. Representative works include The Cost of Life-Seventy cents, White People-God's Favorite, and Government Massacre. Second, a group of essays, represented by figures, children and bereaved women, mainly describe personal and family life, showing the human relationship between father and son, husband and wife and friends, with strong human feelings. Thirdly, a group of lyric sketches with natural scenery as the theme, such as Green, Spring, Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, are his representative works. The latter two essays are the best written by Zhu Ziqing, among which "The Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" are well-known masterpieces. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear and gloomy, famous for its refined language and beautiful writing style, and full of true feelings.
Zhu Ziqing's moral integrity won people's admiration, and Mao Zedong also spoke highly of it. In the article Farewell to Si Tuleideng, he wrote: "Wen Yiduo was angry with the Kuomintang pistol and would rather not give in. Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and would rather starve to death than accept American relief food. " "We should write a hymn to Wen Yiduo and Zhu Ziqing. They showed the heroism of our nation. "
His prose has sincere and natural feelings, concise language, rigorous and exquisite structure, and fresh and euphemistic artistic style. The Back is the masterpiece of his early prose. His later prose is more refined and mature, closer to spoken English, but lacks the touching feelings of his earlier prose.
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Tsinghua University moved in and became a professor at National Southwest Associated University. The reality made him gradually establish the revolutionary democratic thought. After successfully returning to Beijing, he continued to teach in Tsinghua University and actively participated in mass movements and student movements against the Kuomintang reactionaries. He refused to buy American "relief food" under the condition of poverty and illness, showing noble national integrity and patriotism, and was respected by the people of China.
The Back is one of the masterpieces of Zhu Ziqing's prose. As soon as this article was published in 1925, it immediately caused a sensation in the literary world. It has been told for half a century. Some people think: "If we want to talk about prose since the May 4th Movement, we can't help but mention Zhu Ziqing;": If you want to say Zhu Ziqing, you can't help but mention "back". " (Note to Sixty Modern Essays by Lin Fei) This statement makes sense. This article reflects the incident of 19 17, which was the darkest and most chaotic period in China's modern history. The "bleak" family situation described in the article reflects the social turmoil and the hardships of people's livelihood at that time. "Back" is about family trivia, which expresses the deep affection between father and son in plain language and has strong artistic appeal.
The Back is a famous documentary prose, which has been selected as a Chinese textbook for many years and has nurtured several generations. The reason why it lasts for a long time and leaves a deep impression on readers is that it is full of love between parents and children, which is an eternal theme and a tradition of the Chinese nation. Secondly, this essay is conceived from different angles, with plain language and deep homesickness between the lines, which is very touching.