Ouyang Xiu lost his father at the age of four and grew up with his uncle in Suizhou, Hubei. When he was young, his family was poor and had no money. His mother Zheng painted the land and taught him to read.
Ouyang Xiu loved reading since he was a child, and often went to the Li family in the south of the city to borrow books and copy. He is talented and studious, and often recites books before copying them. Teenagers, like adults, write poems and essays in complicated ways. Seeing the hope of family rejuvenation, his uncle once said to Ouyang Xiu's mother, "It's really strange that my sister-in-law doesn't care about her poor family and her children! Not only do you start with a big family, but you will be famous in the world one day.
"At the age of ten, Ouyang Xiu learned six volumes from Ricardo's Collected Works of Mr. Changli in the Tang Dynasty. He loved it very much and couldn't put it down, laying the seeds for the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty in the future.
Renzong Tiansheng eight years (1030), Jinshi.
The following year, he was appointed as an official of Xijing (now Luoyang) and became a close friend of Mei He, exchanging poems with each other.
In the first year of Jingyou (1034), the bachelor's college was called, Xuandelang was appointed, and the pavilion was filled for collation.
In three years, Fan Zhongyan criticized current politics in the last chapter and was demoted to Raozhou.
Ouyang Xiu defended him and was demoted to the county magistrate of Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei).
In the first year of Kangding (1040), Ouyang Xiu was recalled to Beijing, and was appointed as the director of the pavilion to collate and compile the Chongwen General Catalogue. Later, he was informed of the suggestion institute.
Li Qing three years (1043), was appointed as the right judge, the imperial edict.
Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Fu Bi and others carried out the "Qingli New Deal", and Ouyang Xiu participated in the innovation and put forward the idea of reforming official administration, military affairs and tribute law.
In five years, Fan, Han and Fu were successively demoted, and Ouyang Xiu wrote a letter, claiming to be demoted as the magistrate of Chuzhou (now Chuxian County, Anhui Province).
Later, it was changed to Yangzhou, Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui) and Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan).
In the first year of Huang You (1049), he returned to Korea and successively served as a bachelor of Hanlin and a historian.
In August of the first year of He Zhi (1054), he studied the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and the History of the Five Dynasties with Song Qi.
In February of the second year of Jiayou (1057), Ouyang Xiu presided over the Jinshi examination as a bachelor of Hanlin, advocated plain writing style, and admitted Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong and others.
It had a great influence on the change of writing style in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In June of the third year of Jiayou, Ouyang Xiu became a bachelor of Hanlin and a bachelor of Longtuge.
Five years, thanks to the Committee.
The following year, he was appointed to participate in political affairs.
Later, he successively served as the minister of punishments and the minister of war.
For two years (1065), the above post request is not allowed.
In the following two or three years, he resigned many times because of being slandered by Jiang and others, but he was not allowed.
In the second year of Zong Shenxi Ning (1069), Wang Anshi implemented the new law.
Ouyang xiu criticized the young crops law and did not implement it.
In the past three years, except for the post of Ambassador to the South Campus of Pacific Insurance Company, he insisted on not accepting it and changed Zhizhou to Cai Zhou (now runan county, Henan Province).
This year, it was renamed "Liu Yi Boulder".
In June of four years, he resigned as the Prince of Shao Shi.
Juzhou (now Anhui Province).
On July 23rd, leap five years, Ouyang Xiu died at his home in Shi Wenzhong.
Ouyang Xiu Cemetery is located in Ouyang Temple Village, Xixindian Town, xinzheng city.
The park has a beautiful environment, with hills in the north and gullies and streams in the south.
The cemetery is solemn, with many stone tablets and towering cypresses. After the rain, the sun shines brightly and the fog rises like misty rain. The scenery is spectacular, so it has the reputation of "misty rain in Europe" and is one of the eight ancient scenes in Xinzheng.
Ouyang Xiu and Chuzhou
Ouyang Xiu knew Chu, took office on October 22nd, five years, moved to Yangzhou in January of eight years, and left Chuzhou in February, where he stayed for about two years and four months.
Although the time is not long, it has left a far-reaching impact on Chuzhou.
He left many architectural relics, some immortal poems and deep feelings with the people of Chuzhou.
In poetry, in addition to the famous Fengle Pavilion, Zuiweng Pavilion and Lingxi Stone, there are a large number of poems and essays written directly in Chuzhou.
There are more than 30 poems describing the natural scenery and scenic spots of Langya Mountain, such as Yongyang Snow, Drunken Pavilion in Chuzhou and Six Topics on Langya Mountain.
His architectural remains and poems have become a rare and precious heritage of Chuzhou. The deep feelings left to Chuzhou people have become an indelible memory of Chuzhou people forever.
Inheriting predecessors and developing Chuzhou
When Chuzhou is mentioned now, people will naturally think of Langya Mountain, Zuiweng Pavilion and Ouyang Xiu.
Langya Mountain is famous for its natural scenery and human landscape.
The most famous scenic spot of Langya Mountain is Zuiweng Pavilion, which is known as the first of the "four famous pavilions" in China and is famous at home and abroad.
The Fengle Pavilion, which faces Zuiweng Pavilion across the mountain, is also a scenic spot that many ancient tourists yearn for. Together with Zuiweng Pavilion, it is called "Sister Pavilion".
Wei Ziquan under Fengle Pavilion and the brewing spring in Zuiweng Pavilion are collectively called "sister springs".
These are all left over from the development and construction when Ouyang Xiu knew Chu State.
It is these buildings, together with the "Fengle Pavilion" and "Zuiweng Pavilion" inscribed by him personally, that have greatly shocked the reputation of Langya Mountain in Chuzhou.
Tracing back to the name of Langya Mountain, we should start from the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Before the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Langya Mountain was nameless, the main peak was called Motuo Ridge by local people, and the others were small hills.
At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Si Marui, the king of Langya, was stationed here to avoid chaos. Later, Si Marui became the emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the name of Langya Mountain came from the light where he once lived.
However, Si Marui himself, and even the whole Eastern Jin Dynasty, did not bring much change to Langya Mountain, which is still a silent mountain.
It was not until the sixth year of the Tang Dynasty (AD 77 1 year) that Li Youqing, the secretariat of Chuzhou, built Baoying Temple (now Langya Temple) in L Mountain Division, and Langya Mountain broke the historical silence and began to flourish. The name Langya Mountain was also called at this time.
Si Marui has been stationed in the mountains for more than 300 years.
The construction of Baoying Temple has changed the silence of Langya Mountain for many years, but this is only the beginning, with little influence.
The real rise of Langya Mountain began after more than 200 years and Ouyang Xiu, a famous scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, knew Chu.
"Tolerance and simplicity" know that Chu's political achievements are remarkable.
Ouyang Xiu discovered a spring in the valley at the foot of Fengshan by chance the following summer after he learned about Chu State. After the on-the-spot investigation, he said, "Throw in the left and right, take care of the left and right, so drain the spring and dig the ground as a pavilion" and began to build a beautiful resort here.
He quickly repaired the spring and built a pavilion. The name of the spring is "Yougu Spring" and the name of the pavilion is "Fengle Pavilion". He wrote an article for himself.
In the same year, the Zuiweng Pavilion, which is separated from Fengle Pavilion by a mountain, was also built. He named it Zuiweng Pavilion and wrote it in Zuiweng Pavilion.
The completion of two exhibition halls and the publication of two stories quickly caused a sensation throughout the country.
In particular, the article Zuiwengting Ji, with its vivid words and delicate language, shows a beautiful natural picture for Chuzhou; Because of the profound meaning and the happy mood expressed in the article, it shocked the whole academic community for a time.
As soon as the article came out, it spread far and near, and Langya Mountain in Chuzhou became lively from then on.
Since then, Langya Mountain, Fengle Pavilion, Zuiweng Pavilion and other scenic spots have been expanded one after another, and the content has gradually enriched. Although it has experienced historical vicissitudes, it has been abandoned and revived for a long time, and finally it has become today's scale.
Tracing back to the source is the foundation laid by Ouyang Xiu.
Ouyang Xiu was the most powerful founder of developing Langya Mountain in Chuzhou after Li Youqing in Tang Dynasty. It can be said that without Ouyang Xiu, there would be no Langya Mountain in Chuzhou today.
When Ouyang Xiu was in Chuzhou, in addition to developing deep valley springs and building Fengle Pavilion and Zuiweng Pavilion, he also carried out other constructions, such as building Xingxin Pavilion in Fengle Pavilion Scenic Area, and specially invited Ceng Gong to write Xingxin Pavilion. Build a training ground near Fengle Pavilion to train militia to defend this place; It also repaired the severely damaged Chucheng, making Chuzhou more solid and spectacular.
Some people read Ouyang Xiu's Preface to Drunk Pavilion, and from his performance of traveling and drinking, they think that he is in a depressed state of not asking about political affairs because of being demoted, which is obviously incorrect.
In Chuzhou, Ouyang Xiu practiced the policy of combining leniency with severity in political affairs.
The so-called temper justice with mercy, as the name implies, means tolerance and simplification. We should conform to human feelings and things, not seek fame, as long as we do things well.
This is his way of life as a politician.
He later had the right to know Kaifengfu, and his predecessor was a famous "tough guy Bao", that is, Bao Zheng, who was very dignified; However, he was generous and simple, often kept his affairs quiet, and managed Kaifeng House in good order.
In the Qing Dynasty, someone compared him with Bao Zheng, and built archways on the east and west sides of Kaifeng House, with the words "Bao Zheng" and "Ou Kuan" written on them.
Ouyang Xiu's Chuzhou poems vividly and truly depict the beauty of Chuzhou's landscape.
For example, the description of Langya Mountain in Zuiweng Pavilion is summarized as "forest and You Mei" and "magnificent and beautiful", and at the same time, the scenery of Langya Mountain in the morning and evening and at four o'clock is written in a concise way: "Sunrise leads to the forest, clouds return to the cave, and dusk changes to the mountain.
The wild fragrance is rich, the wood is beautiful and the shade is beautiful, the wind and frost are noble and clean, and the water is clear and the stone comes out. Four o'clock is in the mountains, too.
"He wrote in Fengle Pavilion:" Wind, frost, snow and ice, exquisite carving, four seasons scenery, all lovely.
"Many of his poems have beautiful language and are equally memorable to read.
For example, he wrote in Chuzhou Drunk Pavilion: "But I love pavilions entering the water and coming from the chaotic peaks.
The sound fell from the air and spilled on the two eaves.
People flow under rocks and streams, and deep springs help trickle.
If you don't talk nonsense, it's clear, no orchestral music.
"How beautiful! Therefore, later generations built the Tingquan Pavilion not far from the Zuiweng Pavilion, so that people can constantly appreciate this beautiful poem.
Another example is his Six Topics on Langya Mountain, which vividly describes various scenic spots such as Guiyun Cave, Langya River and Shuziquan on Langya Mountain.
Although there are only four sentences in each poem, every word is well written with a little fine pen.
He writes with his true love for Chuzhou landscape.
Ouyang Xiu's poems describing Chuzhou and Langya Mountain have attracted many literati, dignitaries and officials to visit Chuzhou with their quality, personality and status.
When Ouyang Xiu was in the Chuhe River, some went straight to Ouyang Xiu. Poems and relics from Ogun after Ouyang Xiu left Chu.
Here, they not only left footprints, but also left ink. Over time, there are countless poems describing Langya Mountain and Chuzhou.
More than 50 poems (including some contemporary poems) by Ouyang Xiu and his descendants/kloc-0 are selected from 1988' s Records of Langya Mountain, which is still only a part of all Langya Mountain poems.
In the modern vocabulary of "tangible assets" and "intangible assets", Ouyang Xiu left a valuable fortune to Chuzhou in any aspect.
Ouyang Xiu lived in Chuzhou for more than two years, which not only left a rare treasure for Chuzhou, but also established deep feelings with the people of Chuzhou. Chuzhou, an ancient place, has formed a lifelong indissoluble bond with him.
Ouyang Xiu has never been to Chuzhou since he left Chuzhou, but he always misses Chuzhou in his heart.
Answer to Qiu Su: Written in the third year of Xining (A.D. 1070).
I am 64 years old and left Chuzhou for 22 years. He still remembers his life in Chuzhou.
At the beginning of the poem, I wrote: "There was a drunken man in Fengle Mountain before, and there were worries in the rest of the year.
"Always associate yourself with Chuzhou.
Today, Ouyang Xiu has been away from us for more than a thousand years, but his name is still closely linked with Chuzhou all the time.
Without Ouyang Xiu, there would be no resounding reputation of Langya Mountain in Chuzhou, which has been recognized by many people.
Zuiweng Pavilion has experienced many vicissitudes since Ouyang was built, but it has been abandoned and revived for hundreds of years.
There is a couplet at the entrance of Zuiweng Pavilion, which reads: "Weng has been gone for 800 years, and his hometown is still drunk; Six or seven miles in the mountains, the pavilion is not alone.
The "Weng" in couplets refers to Ouyang Xiu.
At that time, this gate and its couplets were made in the seventh year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 188 1). Ouyang Xiu has known Chu for more than 800 years, and people have not forgotten him.
Today, more than 900 years have passed, people still have not forgotten him, and they will not forget him in the future.
In 1998' s new edition of Chuzhou City Records (formerly a county-level city), Ouyang Xiu was the first person to be listed, as if he were from Chuzhou.
[Edit this paragraph] Ouyang Xiu and Fuyang
West Lake is located on both sides of Xinquan River, one kilometer northwest of Fuyang City, also known as Ruyin West Lake and Yingzhou West Lake.
5 km long and 1.5 km wide.
It is the confluence of ancient Heying River, Qinghe River, Little ru river and Bailonggou.
Fuyang was named Yingzhou after the Northern Wei Dynasty, and it was a scenic spot in the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
There are more than a dozen buildings such as Huilaotang, Qinglian Pavilion, Huafangzhai, Huxin Pavilion and Yiyuan Bridge. And there are ten miles of water chestnut, which has been resting for tourists for a long time.
Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, it has been called the Slender West Lake in Yangzhou and the West Lake in Hangzhou.
In the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1049), Ouyang Xiu moved from Yangzhou to Yingzhou, and he especially loved this lake. There was once a poem praising him: "The romantic love paintings make you forget Yangzhou.
Twenty-four bridge months, in exchange for ten hectares of autumn in the West Lake.
"After Ouyang Xiu died here.
After Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, the lake gradually silted up.
Today, there are old churches and stone statues of Ouyang Xiu.
In the Ming Dynasty, the Records of Zheng Deying's Zhou recorded that the West Lake was "ten miles long and three miles wide, with unfathomable water and boundless expanse".
"The Unification of the Qing Dynasty" said: "Yingzhou West Lake is famous all over the world, with beautiful pavilions and numerous chanting, which can be compared with Hangzhou West Lake.
The beautiful scenery of Yingzhou West Lake, which is beautiful all year round, attracts many literati to settle in Yingzhou, and is also a tourist attraction for literati to recite poems and paint.
Since the Song Dynasty, Yan Shu, a poet and prime minister in the Northern Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, a writer and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Lv Gongzhu, an assistant minister in the Song Dynasty, have all known Yingzhou and made immortal contributions to the construction of the West Lake in ancient Yingzhou, leaving 1 13 famous poems, plus 7 1 ancient and modern poets * * 259.
Among them, there are four of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Yang Wanli, one of the four masters in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Huang Tingjian, who is equally famous with Su Shi.
Su Shi once compared Yingzhou West Lake to Hangzhou West Lake in his poems. "A thousand people are wiped out in a dust, and no one knows who is a man or a woman."
It can be seen that Yingzhou West Lake was indeed the best in the world in ancient times.
But later, due to the flood of the Yellow River, the West Lake was silted up, and the beautiful scenery of the past no longer existed.
Today, on the peninsula of Fuyang West Lake, there is also a "Yingzhou West Stele Forest".
Here, the forest of steles covers an area of more than 30 mu, and there are more than 2,000 tree monuments, including the forest of steles, the pavilion of steles, the 100-meter stele gallery and the exhibition hall.
In addition, there are more than 1000 2-meter stone tablets, which are unique in domestic gardens.
[Edit this paragraph] Drunk anecdote
Liuyilai
Since the third generation of Gong Ji, stone carvings have been carved into 1000 volumes.
When I was in Chuzhou, I called myself an alcoholic.
In his later years, he called himself a laity on June 1st, saying that I have 1000 volumes of ancient books, 10000 volumes of books, a piano and a chess game, and always buy a pot of wine. I'm always in it on June 1st.
(Records of Words and Actions of the Three Dynasties)
Willing to accept suggestions
In the fifth year of Song Dynasty (A.D. 1045), Ouyang Xiu was demoted as the magistrate of Chuzhou.
Since then, he has often wandered between mountains and rivers and made friends with wise men and monks in the nearby Langya Temple.
Monk zhixian built a pavilion halfway up the mountain for his convenience.
On the day of the museum's establishment, Ouyang Xiu went to congratulate him, named it "Zuiweng Pavilion", and wrote a famous essay "Zuiweng Pavilion" which has been handed down for ages.
After the article was written, Ouyang Xiu posted it at the city gate and asked for revision.
At first, everyone just boasted. Later, a woodcutter said that the beginning was too wordy and asked Ouyang Xiu to visit the south gate of Langya Mountain.
When Ouyang saw it, he suddenly realized that "Chu is surrounded by mountains, with Wulong Mountain Scenic Resort in the east, Dafeng Mountain in the west, Huashan Mountain in the south, mountains in the north, mountains in the southwest and forests" was changed to "Chu is surrounded by mountains".
Such changes will make the text concise and double the meaning.