1. Three hundred classical poems on early childhood education.
Chai Lu
Wang Wei [Tang Dynasty]
No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard.
The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant.
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There was no one in the silent valley, only people's voices were heard.
The afterglow of the sunset reflected into the depths of the forest and shone on the moss in the dark.
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The first sentence, "There seems to be no one on the empty mountain", first describes the empty mountain positively. Wang Wei especially likes to use the word "empty mountain", but in different poems, the realm it expresses is different. "Empty mountain after rain, beginning of autumn evening" ("Mountain in Autumn Night"), focusing on the autumn mountain after rain; "Sweet-scented osmanthus falls when people are idle, and the night is quiet and the spring mountain is empty" ("Bird Watching Creek"), which focuses on expressing the tranquility and beauty of the spring mountain night; There seems to be no one on the empty mountain. On the other hand, it focuses on the emptiness and tranquility of the mountain. Because there is no trace, this mountain, which is not a vacuum, appears empty and empty in the poet's feeling, just like the ancient land. "Seeing no one" embodies the meaning of "empty mountain".
If you only look at the first sentence, the reader may think it is ordinary, but it is unexpected that "there seems to be no one on the empty mountain" is followed by "but I think I heard a voice". The word "but smell" is quite interesting. Under normal circumstances, although the silent empty mountain "does not see people", it is not silent. The chirping of birds, the chirping of insects, the rustling of the wind and the gurgling of water are intertwined, and the sounds of nature are actually very colorful. At the moment, however, all this is silent, only occasionally there is sound, but there is no figure (because the mountains are deep and the forests are dense). This "human voice" seems to break the "silence" In fact, it is a partial and temporary "ring", which reflects the overall and long-term emptiness. The more empty the valley, the more empty it is; The more people talk in an empty mountain, the lonelier they are. After the voice sounded, the empty mountain returned to the realm of silence; And because people's voices sounded just now, the sense of emptiness at this time is more prominent.
The three or four sentences in the above picture describe the empty mountain and then the deep forest. From the sound to the color, the deep forest is already dark, and the moss under the trees in the forest highlights the lack of sunshine in the deep forest. Although silence and darkness are related to hearing and vision respectively, they often belong to the same category in people's general impression, so silence and tranquility are often linked. According to Nature, when writing about the darkness in the deep forest, we should focus on describing that it can't see the sun, but these two sentences are specially written into the deep forest and reflected on the moss. When readers suddenly see it, they will feel that this oblique light brings a ray of light to the depths of the dark forest, a little warmth to the moss in the forest, or a little business to the whole forest. However, if you appreciate it carefully, you will feel that the author's subjective intention and the objective effect of the work are just the opposite. Blind darkness sometimes makes people unaware of its darkness, but when a touch of afterglow shines into the dark forest, mottled tree shadows are reflected on the moss under the tree, and the sharp contrast between that small piece of light and shadow and the boundless darkness makes the darkness in the forest more prominent. In particular, this kind of "dead light" is not only weak, but also short-lived. After a touch of afterglow disappears in an instant, it is followed by a long darkness. If we say a word or two, there is a sound contrast between silence and silence; Then three or four sentences are about fighting darkness with light. The whole poem is like adding a little warm color to most cool pictures, which makes the impression of cool color more prominent.
Static beauty and magnificent beauty are two types of various forms of beauty in nature, among which there is no distinction between elegance and lightness. But the quietness is almost ethereal, and the seclusion is slightly cold, which shows the unique side of the author's aesthetic taste. Similarly, the writing about "empty mountain" also focuses on the expression of quiet beauty. Autumn Night in a Mountain is brightly colored, and there is a peaceful and quiet atmosphere floating in the quiet tone, which contains lively vitality; Although Bird Song Jian describes the tranquility of Spring Mountain, the overall artistic conception is not deserted and ethereal. The clear glow of the moon, the fragrance of osmanthus and the singing of mountain birds all have the breath of spring and the tranquility of the night. Chai Lu has a cold and empty color, though it is not so lonely.
Wang Wei is a poet, painter and musician. This poem embodies the combination of poetry, painting and music. Silent, dark and dark, it is easy for ordinary people to perceive; But silence with sound and darkness with light are less noticed. It is precisely because the poet's unique painter and musician are sensitive to color and sound that he grasped the unique quiet realm at the moment when the voice of the empty mountain man sounded and the deep forest saw the light again. But this sensitivity is inseparable from his careful observation of nature and his focus on silence.
2. Three hundred classical poems on early childhood education.
Children fishing
Hu Lingneng [Tang Dynasty]
A child with unkempt hair and immature face is learning to fish by the river. He is sitting sideways in the grass, and his shadow is set off by weeds.
Hearing the voice of passers-by, the child waved, afraid to disturb the fish and dare not respond to passers-by.
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A child with unkempt hair and immature face learned to fish by the river, sitting sideways on the moss and covered with green grass.
Hearing passers-by asking for directions, he waved at a distance, afraid to respond to passers-by for fear of disturbing the fish.
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Fishing for Children is a poem about children's life. This poem describes a "unkempt young boy" learning to fish, "sitting on one side, raspberries and moss reflecting his body". Passers-by waved to the child and wanted to ask him some questions, but the child was "too scared to surprise others" (he didn't say a word for fear of scaring the fish). It's really vivid, vivid, both in form and spirit, and full of fun. His artistic achievements are no less than Du Mu's poem Qingming.
This poem is divided into two layers: fishing and asking for directions. The first and second sentences focus on fishing (form), and the third and fourth sentences focus on asking for directions (emoticon).
The first sentence and the second sentence, children, children also. "Pengtou" describes its appearance and highlights the innocence of children. "Nylon" is a fishing line, and "hanging nylon" means "fishing" in the title, which means fishing. The poet did not whitewash the fisherman's appearance, but wrote the true face of Shan Ye's unkempt hair, which made people feel natural, lovely and authentic. "Learning" is the eye of this poem. The child is a beginner in fishing, so he is very careful. The posture of "sitting on the side" when fishing reflects the physical and behavioral scenes, such as in front of you. "Sitting sideways" means sitting down at will. Sitting on the edge, rather than sitting firmly, is in line with the mentality of children learning this way for the first time. It is also conceivable that children are absorbed in fishing in an informal way. "Berry moss" generally refers to low-level plants that grow in wet places near the ground. From Berry Moss, we can not only know that the place where children choose to fish is a place where the sun is scarce and inaccessible, but also an ideal fishing place where fish are not frightened and people are not exposed to the sun, which paves the way for the following sentence "People should not be frightened by fish". "Grass mirror" is not only a portrait of a child, but also directly related to the next sentence "passers-by ask questions"-passers-by ask questions to children just because they are visible.
The subject of the last two sentences of "remote waving" is still a child. When passers-by asked, the children did not dare to answer the fish, waving at a distance and not answering. This is a description of children from two aspects: action and psychology, with calculation, strategy, alertness and intelligence. The reason why children use actions instead of answers is that they are afraid of scaring the fish away. The child's action is "waving from a distance", which shows that the child is not indifferent to the questions of passers-by. How children whisper to passers-by after "waving" is the imagination of readers, and there is no need for poets to explain. So after explaining the reason of "waving from afar", this poem came to an abrupt end.
In Tang poetry, there are few themes about children, so they are valuable. This poem about children's fishing has a special interest. There is no gorgeous color and deliberate carving in the poem, just like a beautiful hibiscus, which reveals a little innocence, infinite childlike interest and a little concentration in the plain and simple narrative. This poem can be said to be a masterpiece about children.
3. Three hundred classical poems on early childhood education.
Travel in the mountains
Du Mu [Tang Dynasty]
As far away as Hanshan, the stone path is oblique, and people are in Bai Yunsheng. (living in the depths)
Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers.
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Going up the mountain along the winding path, there are actually several families where Baiyun was born.
I stopped the carriage because I like the late autumn scenery in Fenglin. Maple leaves are stained with autumn frost, which is brighter than spring flowers in February.
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This is a seven-character quatrain that describes and praises the scenery of mountains and forests in late autumn. The first sentence: "Hanshan stone path is far away." From the bottom up, write a stone road, winding to the mountains and autumn. The word "cold" points to the late autumn season; The word "far" describes the length of the mountain road; The word "oblique" takes care of the word "far" at the beginning of the sentence and writes a high and slow mountain. Because the slope is not big, you can travel by car.
Someone in Bai Yunsheng is about clouds and people. The poet's eyes have been looking up along this mountain road. Where the white clouds float, there are several stone houses with walls made of stone. The "people" here take care of the "stone path" in the previous sentence, which is the channel for those families to go up and down. In this way, the two landscapes are organically linked. White clouds seem to be born from the mountains and float around, which can not only show the height of the mountains, but also show the pale white and bright colors of the clouds against the green background of the mountains. The poet used the technique of crossing the clouds and breaking the mountains, so that these white clouds covered the reader's sight, but left room for imagination: above the white clouds, there are mountains outside the clouds, and there must be a different kind of scenery.
The poet is only describing these scenery objectively. Although the word "cold" is used, the following words such as "late" and "frost" are just sorted out, which does not show the poet's emotional tendency. After all, it only prepares for the following description-an overview of LAM Raymond's environment. "Stop and sit late in the maple forest" is different, and this tendency is very obvious and strong. Mountain roads, white clouds and others did not impress the poet, but the evening scenery of Fenglin surprised him. In order to stop and enjoy the scenery of this mountain forest, I don't care to continue driving. The scenery written in the first two sentences is already beautiful, but the poet loves the maple forest. Through the background, I have made a good preparation for describing the maple forest, so it comes naturally and leads to the fourth sentence, pointing out the reasons for loving the maple forest.
The fourth sentence: "Frost leaves are red in February flowers" is the central sentence of the whole poem. The descriptions of the first three sentences are all paving the way for this sentence. Why do poets use "Yu Hong" instead of "Hong Ru"? Because "red as" is like spring flowers, it is nothing more than decorating natural beauty; And "Red in" can't be compared with spring flowers. It is not only brighter in color, but also more cold-resistant and can stand the test of wind and frost.
This little poem is not only an impromptu ode to scenery, but also an expression of ambition. It is the expression of the poet's inner spiritual world and the sustenance of his interest, so it can enlighten and inspire readers.
4. Three hundred classical poems on early childhood education.
Quatrain
Du Fu [Tang Dynasty]
"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."
My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.
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Two orioles sang among the green willows, and a line of egrets went straight into the blue sky.
Sitting by the window, you can see the Millennium snow in Xiling, and ships from Dongwu, thousands of miles away, are parked in front of the door.
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This poem "Jueju" was written when the poet lived in Huanhuaxi Caotang, Chengdu, and described the beautiful spring scenery around the Caotang.
Poetry cuts in with vibrant natural beauty, creating a fresh and relaxed atmosphere. In the first two sentences, the poet described this beautiful scene in an implicit way from different angles. Cui is new green, which is the color when everything recovers and germinates in early spring. "Two" and "one" are relative; Horizontal and vertical, it opens a very beautiful natural landscape. In this poem, the word "Ming" is the most vivid, and the oriole is described more vividly by anthropomorphic methods, and a hundred birds are paired, which constitutes a picture full of vitality and festive atmosphere. The oriole sings on the willow, which is the vitality of moistening things quietly. The next sentence is about the anger of nature, which is more obvious. Egrets flying in this fresh sky is not only a comfort of freedom, but also an upward struggle. Furthermore, the first sentence says that the oriole sings on the willow, and the next sentence says that the egrets fly to the sky, which broadens the space a lot. From bottom to top, from near to far, the poet's tangible vitality fills the whole environment and shows the prosperity of early spring from another angle.
In the third sentence, "The window contains autumn snow in Xiling", the poet looks out of the window, because the air is fresh and the sun is shining in early spring, and he can see the snow-capped mountains in Xiling. The last two sentences have pointed out that it was early spring, and the autumn snow in winter wanted to melt, giving readers a moist feeling. There is a word "containing" between "window" and "snow" in this sentence, which shows that when the first snow melts, moisture wets the frozen window lattice in winter, which can better write the poet's feelings about the vitality with moisture in early spring. "Xiling" means that when the first snow in front of the window melts, the poet thinks of Xiling near the thatched cottage and the long snow on Xiling Mountain, and replaces the residual snow on the window with the snow on Xiling Mountain, which makes the artistic conception more extensive. In addition, the poet has the ambition to serve the country since he was a teenager. After decades of obstacles, he finally had the opportunity to re-exhibit, and the years of war were put down. This is the same as the poet's thought of Xiling when he saw the melting snow in front of the window, and replaced the residual snow on the window with the Millennium snow on the ridge, thus giving the poet a stubborn sense of melting snow.
The last sentence further described Du Fu's complicated mood at that time. When the ship came from "Wu Dong", this sentence means that the war has been decided, the traffic has resumed, and the poet misses his hometown when he sees things. The use of the word "berth" has its profound meaning. Du Fu has been wandering for many years without landing. Although there is still a little hope in his heart, that hope has been greatly reduced. The word "Bo" just describes the poet's complex mood between hope and disappointment. While "Wan Li" implies the difficulty of achieving the goal, which is juxtaposed with "Qian Qiu" in the third sentence and describes the difficulty of achieving the goal in time and space. Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms has been praised by many scholars as the wise master since ancient times. The author refers to Sun Quan as the representative of Dongwu, alluding to Du Fu's hope for the emperor of the dynasty. The combination of "Bo", "Wan Li" and "Dongwu Ship" is precisely to write the word "Nan".
The whole poem seems to be four independent scenes, but the poet's inner feelings make its content consistent, and the fresh and elegant scenery entrusts the poet's inner complex emotions and forms a unified artistic conception. At first, he showed the spring scenery of the thatched cottage, and the poet's mood was Tao Ran. However, with the wandering of sight and the change of scenery, the appearance of river boats touched his homesickness. On the surface, it is a vibrant picture, but in the cheerful and bright scene, it entrusts the poet with the loss of time, loneliness and boredom, and also writes the poet's complex mood when there is a glimmer of hope. Beyond that kind of hope, it is more the poet's sadness about disappointment.
5. Three hundred classical poems on early childhood education.
Night berth near Fengqiao
Zhang Ji [Tang Dynasty]
Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river.
In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
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The moon has set, crows crow all over the sky, the maple trees on the river and the fishing fires on the boat make it difficult for me to sleep alone.
In Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell ringing in the middle of the night reached my passenger ship.
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The whole poem begins with a sad word. The first two sentences are full of images: falling moon, crow, frosty sky, Jiang Feng, fishing fire, sleepless people, which creates an aesthetic situation with rich meanings and rhymes. These two sentences not only describe the scenery along the river in autumn night, but also express the author's homesickness. The last two sentences, the image of the city, the image of the temple, the image of the ship and the image of the bell, are an ethereal and far-reaching artistic conception. It is difficult to see things at night without a moon, fishing and fire are eye-catching, frost and snow are cold; Midnight is a silent moment, but I hear crows and bells. This contrast between light and shade, silence and sound, makes the scenery all in love, the sound all in sound, the artistic conception scattered and scattered, muddy and far away. A faint ray of guest sorrow is blurred and meaningful, swaying in the night sky of Gusu City, adding eternal amorous feelings to the bridges, water, temples and cities there and attracting dream seekers from ancient times to the present. "Three Poems of Tang Poetry" "The whole poem begins with' worrying about sleep', and the beauty lies in silence." "Tasha Tang Poetry": "The word" worrying about sleep "is the whole chapter. Clearly swearing the word' worry', misreading the evening scene, tossing and turning. " "Interpretation of Ancient Poetry": "This poem is the best, like a connection, like a break, like a connection."
Why did the poet stay up all night? The first sentence wrote three closely related scenes: "The moon sets, crows crow and the sky is covered with frost". The first quarter moon rises early, and when the moon sets, it is about dawn, and birds in the trees will also crow at dawn. The "frost" of autumn night is suffused with the chill of soaking bones and muscles, which surrounds the poet's boat from all directions, making him feel that the vast night sky outside is filled with frost. In the second sentence, the poet used "Jiang Feng" and "fishing fire" to stay up all night.
The poet's thinking is meticulous, and six scenes are included in just four poems, and a quiet and distant artistic conception is constructed in poetic language: fishing fires are lit on autumn nights by the river, and guests are trapped in quiet nights. The selection of all scenery is unique: one is static and one is dynamic, one is bright and the other is dark. The collocation of scenery and the artistic conception of characters have reached a high degree of tacit understanding and blending, and * * * has formed this artistic realm that has become a model for later generations. Its famous sentence is: "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rings at midnight to the passenger ship."
This poem is written in flashback, first writing the scene at dawn, and then recalling the scene last night and the midnight bell. The whole poem is full of colorful feelings and scenes.