Key points of knowledge in the second volume of the Chinese textbook for the sixth grade of elementary school
It is a good habit to prepare homework in advance. Below I have compiled for you the key points of the knowledge of the second volume of the Chinese textbook for the sixth grade of elementary school. Welcome everyone to read!
Over time:
Unit 1
1. People are not born with knowledge, what can they do without it? Confused? "Shi Shuo"
2. One burst of energy will be followed by failure, and three times it will be exhausted. "Zuo Zhuan"
3. Sweet melons and bitter stems, nothing in the world is perfect. "Mozi"
4. He who plants a tree must cultivate its roots, and he who plants virtue must cultivate his heart "Chuan Xi Lu"
5. Play a thousand tunes and then the sound will dawn, watch a thousand swords Then recognize the instrument. "Wen Xin Diao Long"
The third unit
Prison Song (Ye Ting)
The door for people to enter and exit is locked,
The hole is open for the dog to crawl out,
A voice shouts:
Climb out, I will give you freedom!
I long for freedom,
p>
But I know deeply——
How can a human body crawl out of a dog hole!
I hope that one day,
The fire underground,
burned me together with this living coffin,
I should get eternal life in the fire and blood!
Unit 4< /p>
1. Integrity is the foundation of morality. ——(Egypt) Mahfouz's "Public Epic"
2. Tears cannot wash away the pain. ——(Iceland) Laxness "The Bell of Iceland"
3. The greatest insights are the simplest. ——(UK) Golding, "Lord of the Flies"
4. People live for their own hopes. ——(Soviet Union) Sholokhov "Quiet Don"
5. Trustworthiness is a treasure and should not be thrown away casually. ——(Colombia) Marquez, "One Hundred Years of Solitude"
6. What makes the pebbles perfect is not the blow of the hammer, but the singing and dancing of the water. ——(India) Tagore's "Birds"
7. Only those who are brave and calm can survive the darkness and usher in the light. (Guatemala) Asturias "Corn Man"
8. A person is not born to be defeated. You can destroy him, but you can't defeat him. ——(USA) Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea"
Unit 5
Hard work makes steel, perseverance and perseverance, and facing difficulties
Brainstorming, collective efforts, innovation and innovation< /p>
Be unique and draw inferences, seek truth from facts, and express your own opinions
Don’t be ashamed to ask questions, draw parallels, and strive to improve the past for the present
Recite the key texts written from dictation
Lesson 1 "Two Classical Chinese Essays".
Lesson 2 "Hurry".
Lesson 12 "Serving the People".
Lesson 18 "Beauty spanning a hundred years".
14 ancient poems in the textbook:
Synonyms
Debate (debate) move (move) condense (gaze) perceive (discover) rely on (depend on) elegance (elegance) calmness (calmness)
stretch (stretch) blame (blame) guilt (guilt) linger (wrap) alert (sensitive) support (help) posture (posture)
Slender (slender) sufficient (abundant) skillful (skilled) intermittent (interrupted) depressed (suppressed) supple (docile) rich (abundant)
Simple (simple) honest (honest) exclude (reject) erosion (denudation) ) advocating (respecting) frightening (terror) strangling (obliterating)
Open-minded (cheerful) profound (esoteric) vague (vague) cruel (cruel) rough (rude) knowing (understanding) grand (majestic)
longing (yearning) gaze (gazing) bright (brilliant) fierce (violent) prosperous (prosperous) sorrow (mourning) thorough (complete)
sustenance (sending) consultation (inquiry) display ( Decoration) review (review) simplicity (simple) labor (tired) exquisite (exquisite)
Kindness (kindness) strange (strange) teasing (teasing) bullying (bullying) compassion (charity) disturbing (disturbing) sobbing (sobbing)
Fear (fear) improvement (improvement) rescue (rescue) resist (resistance) barbarism (rudeness) loneliness (solitude) absurdity (absurdity)
Brag (praise) pray (Prayer) solemnity (stability) erosion (corrosion) honor (reputation) retreat (fading) shock (shock)
Hard work (hard work) collaboration (cooperation) inspiration (encouragement) truth (truth) research (exploration) )judgment(judgment)fair(just)
Talk eloquently(talk) leave no stone unturned(leave no stone unturned)concentrate(concentrate) full of vitality(full of vitality)
Inexplicable(unbelievable) Everything is updated( Brand new) Having no choice but to do whatever you want (doing whatever you want)
Swarming in (swarming in) overjoyed (dancing) idle (being indolent) working day and night (forgetting to sleep and eat)
Commonplace (commonplace) ) Warm (warm)
Antonyms
Emptiness (fulfillment) Wandering (decisive) Smart (stupid) Special (ordinary) Withered (vigorous) Straight (bent) Soft (stiff)
Noisy (quiet) Weak (strong) Small (huge) United (divided) Skilled (unfamiliar) Sufficient (lack) Lively (deserted)
Depressed (publicity) Simple (gorgeous) Submissive (irritable) Exclude (co-opt) Diligent (luxury) Optimistic (pessimistic) Romantic (realistic)
Open-minded (narrow) Cruel (kind) Childish (mature) Cruel (gentle) Temporary (long-term) Exposed (concealed) ) dense (sparse)
Dark (light) advance (retreat) thrive (decline) unite (split) persist (give up) browse (intensive reading) simple (luxury)
ordinary (special) ) Delicate (rough) Poor (rich) Happiness (pain) Compassion (cruel) Dark (bright) Moping (crushed)
Melancholy (cheerful) Barbaric (civilized) Desolate (prosperous) Lonely (lively) Naughty (well-behaved) Despair (hope) Taunting (compliment)
Solemnity (frivolity) Dissolution (condensation) Fortitude (cowardice) Purity (turbidity) Fineness (roughness) Brand new (shabby) Birth (death)
Ordinary (Special) Independent (Dependent) in the prime of life (in his twilight years) Perseverant (give up halfway) Hot (cold)
Convinced (half-believed) Talkative (taciturn) Concentrated (half-hearted) Calmly (in a hurry)
Vibrant (dying) Unhurried (hurried) Full of seats (few) Pampered (with hardships)
Completely different (same) Nothing ( Everything is there) duplicitous (the same on the outside and inside) neat and uniform (everything is scattered)
Safe and sound (beyond all recognition) unheard of (commonplace) as if nothing had happened (serious) a huge crowd (silent)
Text reading
1. "Two Classical Chinese Essays"
"Study of Chess" is selected from "Mencius·Gaozi". The story illustrates the principle that learning should be concentrated and not half-hearted. "Two Children Debating the Sun" is selected from "Liezi·Tang Wen". The story reflects the two children's good observation, rational speech and Confucius' practical attitude.
Question 3 after class:
①Why is his wisdom so different? He said: Not so. Answer: Is it because his intelligence is not as good as others? Say: That's not the case.
② I think that when the sun begins to rise, people will be closer, but when the sun is at midday, people will be far away. Answer: I think the sun is closer to people when it first rises and farther away at noon.
③Who knows so much about you? Answer: Who said you are knowledgeable?
2. "Hurry"
This article is written by the famous modern writer Zhu Ziqing An essay written by.
This article begins with a narrative centered on "hurry". It first writes about the characteristics of days that are gone forever, and then writes about the hurriedness and fleetingness of more than 8,000 days. The author has a lot of thoughts, and sighs endlessly from scene to person. Finally, the author expresses his inner sigh. It expresses the author's helplessness and regret about the passage of time.
Question 2 after class: "Like a drop of water on the tip of a needle dripping into the ocean, my days drip into the flow of time, without sound or shadow." Answer: The author puts his past eight thousand years into the ocean. Many days are compared to water droplets on the tip of a needle, and the flow of time is compared to the ocean. The diary seemed so small and disappeared so quickly, without a trace or a trace. It shows the author's helpless melancholy.
3. "Mahogany"
This is a prose by Lin Qingxuan, a famous writer in Taiwan. The author uses the growth of saplings as a metaphor for human growth. He writes about a tree planter's method of raising saplings so that "the trees can learn to find water in the land." This illustrates the importance of enduring the test of life and overcoming dependence in a difficult environment to human growth. significance.
Question 2 after class:
① Not just trees, but people too. People who live in uncertainty can better withstand the test of life and will develop a An independent heart.
Answer: "Uncertainty" refers to some unpredictable ups and downs, twists and tribulations in life. "Uncertainties" in life, such as illness, parents being laid off, encountering natural disasters, etc.
②The people who planted the trees will no longer come, and the mahogany trees will no longer wither.
Answer: Because the tree planters water the trees irregularly and irregularly, they allow the trees to adapt to the environment, convert few nutrients into huge energy, and learn to find water sources in the land. Take root deeply and thrive. So the tree planters will no longer come, and the mahogany trees will no longer wither.
6. "Spring Festival in Beijing"
The author, the famous language master Mr. Lao She, has painted us pictures of folk customs during the Spring Festival in Beijing, showing Chinese festival customs. The warmth and beauty express one's recognition and love for traditional culture. The full text of the article is structured with time as the longitude and people's activities as the latitude. The author first introduces that the Spring Festival in Beijing starts in the first ten days of the twelfth lunar month: people cook Laba porridge, soak Laba garlic, buy new year goods, celebrate the New Year... and are fully prepared for the Spring Festival. Then, the three climaxes of the Spring Festival are described in detail: on New Year’s Eve, every house lights up all night, firecrackers sound day and night, people eat reunion dinner and stay up late; on the first day of the new year, men go out to pay New Year greetings, women receive guests at home, and children visit temple fairs; on the fifteenth day, they watch lanterns , set off firecrackers and eat Yuanxiao. Finally, it is written that the Spring Festival ends on the 19th day of the first lunar month.
10. "Memories of Sixteen Years Ago"
This article uses Li Dazhao's memories before and after his arrest to show the great spirit and face of the revolutionary martyrs who were loyal to the revolutionary cause. The enemy's noble character of perseverance and unyielding expresses the author's admiration and deep memory for his father. Except for the beginning, the article is narrated in the order of before arrest, at the time of arrest, in court, and after the murder. Before his arrest, he wrote that his father burned documents and books, and his coworker Yan Zhensan was arrested, which reflected the sinister situation and the danger of the situation; when he was arrested, he wrote about the guilty conscience and cruelty of the enemy and his father's calmness; he also described Li Dazhao's calmness and composure in court. ; wrote about the immense grief of the whole family after being killed.
Understanding of key sentences:
① My father is very kind. He has never scolded us, let alone hit us. I always like to ask my father many childish and ridiculous questions. No matter how busy he is, he is always interested in my questions and always patiently talks to me. I don’t know why this time, but my father gave me such a vague answer.
Answer: Because the situation at that time was very serious, it was not the time to have a heart-to-heart talk with the children, and matters such as preventing revolutionary books and documents from falling into the hands of the enemy could not be explained clearly in a few sentences. This describes the unity of Comrade Li Dazhao's love and kindness towards his relatives and his seriousness in his work.
② "Didn't I often tell you? I can't leave Beijing easily. You have to know what time it is now and how important the work here is. How can I leave?"
< p>Answer: He fully understands the danger of the situation and the danger of the situation, but he will never leave his job. This shows his high responsibility for the revolution.③In the court, we met with our father. Father was still wearing his old gray cotton robe, but he didn't wear his glasses. I saw his calm and kind face under his long unkempt hair.
Answer: From this sentence, we can see that although the father was tortured by the enemy, he was still calm and kind. "Not wearing glasses" and "unkempt long hair" indicate that the enemy severely tortured Li Dazhao, "calm" indicates that Li Dazhao is still strong after experiencing cruel torture, and "kindness" fully reflects Li Dazhao's love for his relatives.
Question 3 after class: The relationship between the last three natural paragraphs of the text and the beginning is that the beginning and the end echo. In this way, readers can understand the ins and outs of the matter more clearly, and the impressions and feelings they get will be more profound, which also highlights the author's deep memory for his father.
12. "Serving the People"
This is a speech delivered by Chairman Mao Zedong at the memorial service of Comrade Zhang Side on September 8, 1944.
At the beginning of the article, the purpose of the Communist Party of China and the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army under its leadership is clearly stated - to serve the people completely and thoroughly; and then combined with the current reality, it explains from three aspects how to serve the people completely and thoroughly. Serve the people; first, establish the outlook on life and death that "dying for the interests of the people is more important than Mount Tai"; second, treat criticism correctly, stick to what is good and correct mistakes for the benefit of the people; third, do a good job in unity, overcome difficulties, Improve courage, love each other, and unite the entire people.
Everyone is destined to die. It may be heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather. Solid: originally. Or: Yes. Yu: Indicates comparison.
Question 3 after class: Because we serve the people, if we have shortcomings, we are not afraid of others criticizing us. It doesn’t matter who it is, whoever points it out to us. As long as you are right, we will correct it. The method you suggest is good for the people, so we will do it.
Answer: There are four sentences in this passage. The first sentence means that we welcome criticism, the second sentence means that we welcome criticism from anyone, and the third sentence means that we accept criticism from anyone as long as it is correct. The fourth sentence is that if the method you mentioned is good for the people, we will do it. There is a close connection between sentences and the meanings progress layer by layer.
14. "The Little Match Girl"
This is a fairy tale by the Danish writer Andersen. It tells the story of a little match girl who froze to death on the street on New Year's Eve. . The author describes the little girl's situation at the beginning: the streets are cold and dark on New Year's Eve, it is snowing, and the little girl is still selling matches on the street. Then, in order to keep herself warm, she wrote about the various illusions that the little girl saw in the light of the match when she struck the match five times - a warm stove, a fragrant roast goose, a beautiful Christmas tree, a kind grandma, until she flew with her grandma. Walk. Finally, the little girl froze to death on the street.
Question 3 after class:
①Fly to a place where there is no cold, no hunger, and no pain.
Answer: The meaning of this sentence is: the little girl passed away and died in a wonderful illusion. In this world for the little girl, there is only cold, only hunger, and only pain.
② How happy she was, following her grandma towards the happiness of the New Year.
Answer: The former "happiness" means: the little girl spent her time in a beautiful illusion before she died, and is happy; the latter "happiness" means: the little girl is dead There would be no more cold, hunger and pain, and I would be completely happy.
15. "Fanka"
This text reflects the tragic fate of poor children in Russian society under the rule of the Tsar through Fanka's letter to his grandfather, and exposes the The darkness of the social system at that time. The article is narrated according to the process of writing the letter. It begins to narrate that on Christmas Eve, Fanka took advantage of the opportunity of the boss, the landlady and the guys to go to church to worship, and secretly wrote a letter to his grandfather; then, Fanka confided in his letter to his grandfather about his unbearable miserable apprenticeship life, and repeatedly Begged his grandfather to take him away from here and return to the country, and recalled two scenes of life in the country (one was the scene of grandpa's vigil, and the other was the scene of Christmas); finally, he wrote Fanka and stuffed the written letter into the mailbox. Here, in a sweet dream, I saw my grandfather reading his letter. This text is interspersed with the author's narrative, the content of Fanka's letter, and Fanka's memories in the process of writing the letter. Contrast, contrast, and suggestion are used in expressions.
18. "Beauty Across a Hundred Years"
This is an article praising Madame Curie, with "beauty" as the main line, showing that Madame Curie's beauty does not lie in appearance. , but lies in the mind and personality. She made great contributions to mankind and realized her own life value. The author uses flashback techniques to first describe the scene of Madame Curie giving an academic report at the French Academy of Sciences, highlighting Madame Curie's beautiful image and great achievements in front of readers. The next two natural paragraphs describe in detail the arduous research conducted by Madame Curie in order to explore "whether other substances are radioactive" until the discovery of radium. This is the key part of the text, which fully demonstrates Madame Curie's determination and perseverance. The scientific spirit of dedication to science. The last two natural paragraphs describe Madame Curie's attitude and approach in the face of fame and fortune, showing her noble personality that is indifferent to fame and fortune and her selfless spirit of devoting herself wholeheartedly to science. Finally, I quoted Einstein’s words to affirm Madame Curie’s personality.
The "beauty" in the subject is not only Marie Curie's beautiful appearance, but also her firm persistence, scientific spirit of dedication to science, and noble personality that is indifferent to fame and fortune.
Question 2 after class:
① This valuable character and lofty pursuit enabled Marie Curie to complete this great natural discovery almost at the same time. The discovery of the meaning of life.
Answer: "This valuable character and lofty pursuit" refers to Madame Curie's "firmness, perseverance, and lofty and persistent pursuit". "This great discovery" refers to Curie Madam Curie discovered the radioactive metal element radium. "The discovery of the meaning of life" means that Madame Curie understood that the value of life does not lie in youth, beauty, money and fame, but in making contributions to science and mankind.
② She changed from a beautiful little girl, a dignified and resolute female scholar, to a new term "radiation" in science textbooks, to a new unit of measurement in physics "Curie", Turned into scientific laws, she became an eternal milestone in the history of science.
Answer: This sentence uses the sentence pattern of "from... to...". This "change" is not an ordinary change, but an improvement in the value of life and a leap in the realm of life. , four "becomes" summarize Madame Curie's struggling life and immortal achievements.
20. "The truth is born after a hundred question marks"
The title of the text is "The truth is born after a hundred question marks", which is also the main point of the text, "The truth is born "After a hundred question marks" means: as long as you are good at observation, keep asking questions, keep solving doubts, and persevere in pursuing the root cause, you can discover the truth in real life.
Question 2 after class: Answer: The first example is that Professor Shepiro discovered a problem in the vortex of bath water. Through repeated experiments and research, he discovered the rotation direction of the water vortex and the rotation of the earth. related. The second example is that the famous British chemist Boyle accidentally discovered that hydrochloric acid would turn violet petals red. He then conducted many experiments and finally invented acid-base test paper. The third example is that an Austrian doctor observed the phenomenon of his son's eyes moving when he was dreaming. After repeated observation and analysis, he deduced that the movement of the eyes of a sleeping person indicates that he is dreaming. Supplementary example: Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation when he saw an apple falling to the ground. Luban's mountain hand was cut by a blade of grass and invented the saw.
Question 3 after class:
① Finally, straighten "?" into "!" and find the truth. Answer: "?" is a question of discovery and constant questioning; "!" is a way of solving doubts and discovering truth through exploration. This sentence expresses an abstract truth in an intuitive and vivid way, leaving a lasting impression on people. A deep impression.
② As long as you know the subtleties, are good at asking questions and keep exploring, then you will be able to discover the truth after you answer several question marks. Answer: "Knowing the subtleties" means being able to discover problems from ordinary phenomena. This sentence reiterates the point made at the beginning of the article and echoes the beginning.
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