Looking at Bohai Sea in middle school Chinese textbooks Note: Cao Cao, a statesman, strategist and poet of the Three Kingdoms, was born in 155 AD and died in 22 AD. The year when Cao Cao died was the last year of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao Cao should come from the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Wei was founded by Cao Cao after his death. Later, in 221 AD, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and established Shu State. In 229 AD, the rising sun set up the State of Wu. At this point, Wei, Shu and Wu successively formed. In other words, nine years after Cao Cao's death, the Three Kingdoms were formally formed.
what contribution did Cao Cao make to China literature
Cao Cao is one of the seven sons of Jian 'an literature and a representative figure of Jian 'an literature. Cao Cao has profound attainments in literature, calligraphy and music. His literary achievements are mainly manifested in poetry, and his prose is also very distinctive. Cao Cao wrote less than 2 poems, all of which were Yuefu poems. The content can be divided into three categories. One is about current events, the other is about expressing ideals, and the other is about immortal poetry.
The works related to current affairs include Lu Luxing, Hao Lixing, Kuhanxing, Walking Out of Xiamen and so on. Two poems, Travel to China and Good Li Xing, were written in the early years of Jian 'an. The previous article reflected the failure of eunuchs and the crisis of Dong Zhuo's entry into Luoyang. Later, it is written that all counties in Kanto are fighting for Zhuo, each with its own plans and fighting with each other, and the content is close. Poetry writes this historical process in concise language, so it is called the true record of the late Han Dynasty and the true history of poetry. What is particularly valuable is that in his poetic journey to the sea, he described the deep sufferings of the broad masses of the people in the war: lice were born in armor, thousands of people died unexpectedly, bones were exposed in the wild, there were no crows in a thousand miles, and there were many things in life.
The bitter and cold journey was written in the eleventh year of Jian 'an, when the height was levied. This poem describes the coldness, desolation, preciseness and liveliness of Taihang Mountain in winter. At the same time, it also depicts the poet's inner complex emotions. Stepping out of Xiamen was written in the twelfth year of Jian 'an, when Wu Huan recruited soldiers in three counties. This poem includes Yan He's four explanations. Yan is concerned about the poet's complicated state of mind when he went to war. Understand the sea and write down the feeling of crossing Jieshi; The second plan is October in winter, and the third plan is What? Write down everything you saw on your way home. The fourth explanation is about the ideological activities after winning this important battle. Among them, watching the Bohai Sea describes the scenery of the sea. The autumn wind is bleak, Hongbo rushes, and the trip to the sun and the moon, if it comes out; Star Zhan Han is a magnificent picture of surprise, which reflects the poet's broad mind of embracing the universe and absorbing the sun and the moon. Gui Yanshou expressed the poet's views on his life and career with a series of vivid metaphors: the old man longs for a long journey, and the martyr is old. This is the true embodiment of the poet's active and enterprising spirit all his life.
The poems that mainly express ideals are Duguan Mountain, Dujiu, Xiaoqu and so on. The poet's political ideal in the first two articles. His vision for a prosperous new era is to be virtuous, virtuous and good, combining Confucianism and law with kindness and prestige. This is undoubtedly of progressive significance under the realistic background of social destruction at the end of Han Dynasty. The theme of the short song is to seek talents, and the feelings of seeking talents and recruiting talents are expressed by poems such as mountains are never too high, water is never too deep, Duke Zhou spits, and the world is still at heart. There are poems about immortals, such as Exhale and Autumn Hu Xing. Cao Cao doesn't believe the alchemist's immortal theory, so he shouldn't send these poems, nor can he be equated with the immortals of Qin Huang and Hanwu. As far as artistic style is concerned, Cao Cao's poems are unpretentious and not gorgeous. They won the victory with deep feelings and great charm.
in poetry, it is characterized by generosity and sadness. Generosity and sadness are the same keynote in Jian 'an literature, but in Cao Cao's poems, generosity and sadness are the most typical and prominent. In terms of poetic genre, Cao Cao's Yuefu poems did not copy the rules of Han Yuefu, but developed. For example, China Travel and Hao Lixing are both elegies of Han Yuefu, but he uses old themes to express new content. Cao Cao initiated the tradition of writing current affairs in Yuefu, which had far-reaching influence. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, Jian 'an writers and many poets proposed to write a large number of Yuefu poems, which can be said to be the inheritance and development of this tradition.
Cao Cao's prose is mostly practical, which can be roughly divided into three categories: table, preface and book. His representative works include: increasing Guo Jia's list of city closures, letting the county learn local chronicles, showing books and kings, and offering sacrifices to Taiwei Bridge. The common characteristics of these characters are simplicity, frankness and fluency, which makes Cao Cao's unique voice. For example, let the county town speak for itself, tell the story of his struggle experience for most of his life, analyze the situation at that time, and analyze his own mind. Among them, so that this country is not lonely, I don't know when several people claim to be emperors and several people claim to be kings. These words are very frank and bold. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, there has been a trend of parallel prose, which gradually emerged at the end of the Han Dynasty. General prose writers began to emphasize duality and pay attention to the use of allusions. Cao Cao was unique at that time with his calm, pragmatic and pragmatic style. Lu Xun once praised Cao Cao as the father of article reform.
Cao Cao's literary achievements are also reflected in his constructive role in Jian 'an literature. Jian 'an literature can flourish and develop under the background of long-term war and social fragmentation, which cannot be separated from his concern and promotion. When discussing the reasons for the prosperity of Jian 'an literature, Liu Xie pointed out that Wei Wu was similar to Cao Cao in Wang Zhizhi, and his love for poetry was elegant. )。 Notes on Cao Cao's works mainly include Wei Wendi and Wei Wudi Huang Jie Shi Hua, which was published by Peking University Publishing House in 1925 and revised by People's Literature Publishing House in 1958, and later renamed Wei Wudi Wei Wendi Shi Hua.
Overview of historical network: Cao Cao followed the trend of the times all his life and built a monument for himself with his extraordinary martial arts. His personality is changeable, so many people, especially scholars, think that he is an unparalleled traitor, while others say that he is an unparalleled genius. Cao Cao is a name that is always debatable.