1. Homer, an ancient Greek poet (about 9th to 8th century BC), was a blind singer who sang everywhere. Born in Asia Minor. According to legend, the famous epics Iliad and Odyssey were written for him.
Second, Dante (1265— 132 1) is an Italian poet. Born into a declining aristocratic family. 1302 was exiled for life for opposing imperial power. The early lyric poetry collection "New Life" eulogized the ideal lover and expressed the yearning for a good time. His masterpiece The Divine Comedy. His works include Imperialism, Vulgarism, Banquet and Letters Collection.
3. Goethe (1749— 1832) was a German poet, playwright and thinker. Born in a wealthy family in Frankfurt on the Rhine. Politically, he opposed feudal separatism, longed for German reunification and advocated top-down social reform. His early important works include the drama Goetz von Bereken and the epistolary novel Young Werther. The masterpiece is Faust, a poetic drama adapted from the folklore of16th century. Other important works include the autobiography Poetry and Truth and the novel William Meister's Learning Age and Roaming Age.
4. Byron (1788— 1824), an English romantic poet, was born in a noble family. Julia child Halliday's Travels, a long poem, expresses the hatred of feudal despotism and oppression and the yearning for bourgeois freedom and democracy. His masterpiece is the long poem Don Juan. Byron's rebellious character is strongly individualistic, and his poems have a great influence on European romantic literature.
Shakespeare (1564— 16 16) was a dramatist and poet in the English Renaissance. Born into a merchant family. There are 37 existing plays, 2 long poems and 50 sonnets/kloc-0. The main plays are comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream, Merchant of Venice, historical plays Richard III and Henry IV, and tragedies Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello and Timon of Athens.
The intransitive verb Hugo (1892— 1885) is a French writer. Born into an officer's family. Encouraged by progressive ideas, we gradually got rid of the royalist views. His early works include Cromwell's Notre Dame de Paris 186 1- 1869, Les Miserables, which describes the evils of capitalist society from a humanitarian perspective. Other important works include Marine Labors, Smiling Man and Poems of Historical Legends. He also wrote many political papers and speeches.
Tagore (1861-1941) is an Indian writer, poet and social activist. Born into a landlord family. Studying in America. Writing in Bengali is rich in creation all his life. His early works include poetry collection "Twilight Song", "Morning Song" and plays "Monk" and "King and Queen". 1903 Up to now, the novel shipwreck, the drama Mojidotara, the poetry collection Crescent Moon and several short stories have been published. His creation has a great influence on the development of Indian literature. 19 13 was awarded to Nobel Prize in Literature.
Eight. Lev tolstoy (1861-1910) is a great Russian writer. 185 1 Born into a noble family after joining the army in Caucasus, he wrote an autobiographical trilogy, Childhood, Teenager, Youth and Morning of a Landlord. From 1863 to 1899, he successively completed the novels War and Peace, anna karenine and Resurrection. His whole creative period is over 60 years.
Gorky (1868— 1936) is the founder of Russian proletarian literature. Born in a woodworking family. 1892 began to publish works. Since 1899, he has written the novels "Fuma gaultier's Yev", "Three Men", the plays "Ordinary People", "Low Level", "Enemy" and the novella "The Town of Ogulov". The novel Mother, published in 1906, is regarded as the first socialist realistic work. Other important works include the autobiographical trilogy "Childhood", "On Earth", "My University", the novel "The Career of the adamo Noff Family" and "The Life of Kerim Samgin".
X. Lu Xun (1881-1936) is a great writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China. Yucai was originally named Zhou Shuren and was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born in a dilapidated feudal family. 19 18 in may, the diary of a madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, was first published under the pseudonym of Lu Xun. He participated in the work of New Youth magazine before and after the May 4th Movement and became a great standard-bearer of the May 4th New Culture Movement. During the period from 19 18 to 1926, he successively created and published special albums such as Scream, Grave, Hot Wind, Imitation, Weeds, Morning Flowers, Gai Hua Collection and Gai Hua Collection Continuation. He has made great contributions to the cultural cause of China all his life. His translations were compiled into Complete Works of Lu Xun, Translated Works of Lu Xun, Diary of Lu Xun and Letters of Lu Xun, and various ancient books edited and revised by Lu Xun were reprinted. National and representative works of important foreign writers
1. Europe and America
Homer's epics, Eta and Odyssey, are the two most famous epics in ancient Greece. According to legend, it was written by Homer, a blind poet. It takes the hero as the center, adopts the heroic style (six-step promotion and suppression style), with lofty style, grand scale, strong drama and strong life breath.
Homer's epic is the crystallization of people's thoughts, wisdom and artistic ability. It is the best work in the history of European literature and is regarded as a model of European epic. It also provided rich materials for later literature and art and had a far-reaching impact on the development of European literature.
Aesop's Fables is a compilation of ancient Greek fables. It is said that Aesop wrote this. It mainly reflects the thoughts and feelings of the lower class civilians and slaves, and summarizes their rich struggle experience and life lessons. Its artistry is also very high, short and pithy, the metaphor is appropriate, the image is vivid, the language is refined, the meaning is profound, and it is deeply loved by the masses. It is the earliest collection of fables in Europe, which laid the foundation for fable creation in the history of European literature. Later writers often quote. Or as a theme of recreation, or as a weapon to attack tyranny and satirize the enemy.
Greek mythology mainly includes stories of gods and legends of heroes. The story of God includes the creation of the world, the birth of God, genealogy and the origin of mankind. The ancient Greek gods were selfish, willful, hedonistic, vain, contending for power and profit, jealous and vengeful, which may be shaped according to the image of slave owners and nobles. The legend of heroes, whose content is to praise the heroes of various clans and tribes who have made contributions in the struggle with nature and society, embodies the sad collective strength, wisdom and noble quality of ancient labor with extraordinary physical strength, resourcefulness, perseverance and noble morality. It provided rich materials for ancient Greek literature and art and had a far-reaching impact on the development of European literature.
Shakespeare (1564- 16 16) was the most outstanding English dramatist and poet in the European Renaissance. Marx praised him as "the greatest dramatic genius of mankind". His major achievements are drama. His major works include the historical drama Henry IV, the comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth's tragedy Romeo and Juliet.
Byron (1788- 1824) is an active romantic poet in England. His major works include the long poem Childe Haller's Travels, Oriental Narrative Poems and Don Juan. His creation has a great influence on European romantic literature.
Shelley (1792- 1822) is an active romantic poet in England, whose masterpiece is Prometheus Liberated, and the lyric short poems ode to the west wind and Ode to a Lark are famous masterpieces.
Charlotte bronte (18 16- 1855) is an English writer, who wrote the famous novel Jane Eyre.