Su Shi has made extraordinary achievements in the creation of ci. As far as the development of a style itself is concerned, the historical contribution of Su Ci has surpassed that of Su Wen and Su Shi. After Liu Yong, Su Shi carried out a comprehensive reform of Ci, which finally broke through the traditional pattern of "Ke Yan", improved the literary status of Ci, changed Ci from an accessory of music to an independent lyric poem, and fundamentally changed the development direction of Ci history.
The transformation of Su Shi's ci is based on his concept of ci and his creative proposition of "sui generis".
Since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Ci has always been regarded as a "path". Liu Yong devoted his life to the creation of ci, which promoted the development of ci style, but failed to improve the literary status of ci. This task needs Su Shi to complete. Su Shi first broke the concept that poetry is superior to ci in theory. He believes that poetry is the same source and the word is "the descendant of poetry". Although there are external differences between poems and words, their artistic essence and expressive function should be the same. So he often compares poetry with poetry. Because he raised Ci to the same position as poetry from the stylistic concept, it provided a theoretical basis for Ci to move closer to poetic style and realize the mutual exchange and infiltration between poetry and poetry.
Portrait of Su Shi
In order to make the aesthetic taste of ci really keep pace with poetry, Su Shi also put forward the creative proposition that ci should be "one family". The word "family" here is put forward according to the different "tastes" of Liu Yong's ci, and its connotation includes: pursuing grandeur and broad artistic conception, ci should conform to people's quality, and ci should be like writing poetry. Express your true temperament and unique life feelings, because only in this way can you "write like a person" in the creation of ci (answer to Xian Chengshu) and form your own style. Su Shi has always paid equal attention to integrity in his articles, but he opposed conformity in literature, so he was dissatisfied with Qin Guan's "learning Liu Qi's words" and lacking "integrity".
Expanding the expressive function of ci and opening up the realm of poetry is the main direction of Su Shi's ci style reform. He expanded the traditional expression of women's tenderness to the expression of men's lofty sentiments, and the traditional expression of love to the expression of temperament, so that the words fully expressed the author's temperament embrace and personality like poems. Su Shi made people with ideals, enthusiasm and vitality strut into the realm of poetry and changed the original feminine artistic conception of Ci.
Su Like's poems and Su Shi's poems often express his thoughts on life. This rational thinking on the fate of life has enhanced the philosophical implication of his poems. Although Su Shi deeply felt that life was like a dream, he did not deny life because of it, but tried to get rid of himself, and always maintained a tenacious optimistic belief and a detached attitude towards life.
Su Shi's ci completely shows the author's mental journey from positive to contradictory and depressed, striving for self-adaptation and constant pursuit, as well as his wild, romantic, passionate and thoughtful personality temperament. After Liu Yong and Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi further made the lyric characters and creative subjects in Ci move from separation to unity.
Su Ci's life scene is very narrow, mainly confined to closed painting academies, embroidery, pavilions and courtyards. After entering the Song Dynasty, Liu Yong began to extend his ci to Du Yi Town, Li Qian Guanhe, Weicun Hill and other natural spaces, while approaching the daily life environment of officialdom. Su Shi not only described the author's daily communication, leisure reading and dedication in his ci.
Su Shi's creative practice shows that there is nothing to write about and no intention to enter. Ci, like poetry, has the function of fully expressing social life and real life. Because Su Shi expanded the expressive function of Ci, enriched the emotional connotation of Ci, expanded the temporal and spatial scenes of Ci, improved the artistic taste of Ci, introduced Ci into the literary palace in an upright manner, and raised Ci from a "path" to a lyric style with the same status as poetry.
"Poetry as Ci" is Su Shi's main weapon to change the style of Ci. The so-called "taking poetry as a word" is to transplant the expression of poetry into words. The successful expression in Su Ci includes preface and allusion.
With the theme and word order, it is not only convenient to explain the writing time and place of words, but also enrich and deepen the aesthetic connotation of words. The extensive use of allusions in Ci also began with Su Shi. It is not only an alternative and centralized narrative way, but also a tortuous and profound lyric way. Su Ci used a lot of preface and allusions, which enriched and developed the expressive techniques of Ci, and had a great influence on the development of Ci in later generations.
Su Shi's "Poetry as Ci" is essentially to break through the restriction and bondage of music on Ci, and make Ci become an independent lyric style from the accessory of music. Su Shi writes ci mainly for people to see, while Dont Ask For Help sings, so he pays attention to the freedom to express his feelings, although he also abides by the musical norms of ci and is not bound by them. For this reason, Su Shi writes fluently, even if he occasionally disagrees with the musical norms. It shows abundant passion, rich imagination and colorful language style. Although most of Su Shi's 362 existing poems are still close to the traditional graceful and feminine style, a considerable number of his works show a new style of unrestrained, such as the famous Mink Head (when is the bright moon)
Su Shi was a key figure in the change of ci style in Song Dynasty. Wang Zhuo's "Bi Ji Man Zhi" Volume II said: "Mr. Dongpo is not addicted to temperament, and occasionally writes songs, so that the author will know how to revive." Strengthening the literariness of Ci and weakening the dependence of Ci on music is what Su Shi pointed out for later poets. Later, he became a poet in Du Nan.
Su Shi's views on social reality and thoughts on life are undisguised in his literary works, among which poetry is the most incisive. In Su Shi's more than 2,700 poems, the theme of interfering with social reality and thinking about life is very prominent. Su Shi holds an "untimely" attitude towards all kinds of unreasonable phenomena in social reality, and always regards criticizing reality as an important theme of his poems. More importantly, Su Shi's criticism of society is not limited to the New Deal or the present.
Su Shi's life has been ups and downs, and his footprints have traveled all over the world. He is good at summing up experience from life experience and seeing laws from objective things. In his eyes, ordinary life content and natural scenery contain profound truth, such as Xilin Wall and Mianchi Nostalgia. In these poems, natural phenomena rise to philosophy, and feelings about life are transformed into rationality. The philosophy in poetry is naturally expressed through vivid artistic images, not through logical deduction or discussion and analysis. Such a poem is both beautiful and interesting, worthy of the name. "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain" and "Snow Mud Claw" became popular idioms as soon as they came out, indicating that Su Shi's poems were widely loved. There are many similar works in Su Shi's poems, such as Sinha Pagoda in Sizhou.
Deep thinking about life makes Su Shi take a calm and broad-minded attitude towards ups and downs, which is fully reflected in Su Shi's poems. Su Shi's poems in adversity, of course, contain pain, resentment and depression, but Su Shi shows his arrogance and transcendence of suffering more.
Su Shi is knowledgeable and versatile, and his mastery of the artistic skills of poetry has reached a perfect level. He treats artistic norms with amazing innovative spirit, and the expressive ability of Su Shi's poems is amazing, and there are almost no themes that Su Shi can't contain in his works.
The late Northern Song Dynasty, represented by Yuan You, was the heyday of Song poetry. The creation of Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao pushed the art of Song poetry to a peak. In terms of outstanding style and distinctive personality, Wang, Huang and Chen may be more eye-catching than Su Shi's poems. But in terms of creative achievements, Su Shi is undoubtedly the first poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi's poems are outstanding in terms of the extensiveness of the subject matter. More importantly, Su Shi has a strong artistic compatibility and does not put a certain style in the same position in theory and creation. In this way, although Su Shi made great contributions in the process of creating a new look of Song poetry, he basically avoided the two main shortcomings of Song poetry: sharpness, rigidity and dullness. Therefore, Su Shi surpassed his contemporaries in overall achievement and became the most popular Song Dynasty in later generations.
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