Nanhu early spring
Author: Bai Juyi
The clouds have gone, the wind and rain have stopped, the weather is just right, and the sun shines on the lake to form a reflection, which has a warm feeling.
Wild apricots everywhere, broken red spots; The floating water on the lake looks like a neat lawn at first sight.
The rain on Bai Yan dried up, his wings became heavy and he had to fly low; The oriole's tongue is quite stiff.
It's not that the spring in Jiangnan is not good, but that I'm one year old, and my mood has also decreased.
To annotate ...
① South Lake: Poyang Lake is divided into South Lake and North Lake, which is called South Lake from Xing Zi County to the south of Wengzikou.
Flashback: Sunlight reflection.
3 no way: don't say it.
Distinguish and appreciate
Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang depicts the scenery of Xizi Lake in spring and is widely read. Early Spring in South Lake, written by him in Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi), also vividly shows the elegance of Poyang Lake in early spring, but people know little about it.
Reading this song "South Lake in Early Spring", you can't help but admire the novelty and clever language of the candidates. The vast Poyang Lake is traditionally divided into two lakes, North Lake and South Lake, bounded by Xing Zi County and Wengzikou. In the poem, South Lake refers to the whole Poyang Lake. Writing early spring is the early spring of Poyang Lake in the south of the Yangtze River. The choice of scenery and composition in the poem reveal the meaning of "early" everywhere, showing seasonal and regional characteristics.
It is early spring, and the scene is different from other seasons, and it is also different from mid-spring and late spring. The poet chose a specific angle of rainy and sunny evening and reflected it on the lake, focusing on the scenery of apricot trees, apples, white geese and Huang Peng, vividly depicting the charm of South Lake in early spring. It's still the beginning of the season, the earth has just awakened, and apricot flowers have just begun to bloom, and there are not many flowers dotted with lakes and mountains. Therefore, it is called "Broken Red" and "misfits" vividly depicts an apricot blossom that is inadvertently opened and dyed everywhere. Chaos is not a mess, but a natural one. When the poet wrote about the spring scenery of the West Lake, he also said that "the flowers are getting more and more colorful" ("Qiantang Spring Tour") and "the peaks around the horizon" ("Spring Lake") all showed natural interest from chaos without artificial kneading. Water apples are new, leaves are flat on the water, and "flat" and "chaos" complement each other, showing people the infinite vitality of spring, only in water towns; Seeing this kind of scenery will only make people feel that with the passage of the season, the spring scenery will become stronger and will continue to stretch and expand on the lake. After writing a seemingly still scene, the poet turned to describing the sounds of geese and warblers on the lake. Static and dynamic, scenery and sound set each other off. Just after the severe winter, the geese have not recovered from the lazy state in winter and are not good at flying high. It flies slowly and low on the lake. The poet vividly expressed his laziness and clumsiness with the word "heavy". After a whole winter's imprisonment, it is inevitable that oriole will be tongue-tied and unable to sing tactfully when she first shows her voice. White goose has low wings and Huang Peng's tongue is astringent, which has the characteristics of early spring and unique taste. They not only make the picture described by the poet dynamic, but also make people feel that they will soar and relax their throats soon. An early spring picture full of hope and vitality is presented to readers.
Bai Juyi advocated that "articles should be written in time, songs and poems should be written for things" and opposed the difficulty and obscurity of poems. His poet recited these poems and spread them all over the world. The so-called "the boy can solve the song of eternal regret, and Hull can sing the pipa" is inseparable from his easy-to-understand poems. If we think that Bai Juyi does not pay attention to the scrutiny and exercise of poetry, it is quite different from his creative practice. Sometimes his works are too natural for people to easily perceive his painstaking creation. This poem "Early Spring in South Lake" shows the skill and ingenuity of his poetry creation.
The poet chose the unique angle of Chu Qing after the rain, which was concise and lively. When he started writing, he painted a fresh picture of Ming Che: the warm wind blew back, the clouds cleared and the rain stopped. What is particularly gratifying is that the sunlight reflected back to the lake, and everything seemed warm and bright, implying the poet's mood. How many things are contained in the first two sentences of fourteen words, and their characteristics can be described vividly. After the poet gently unfolded the poetic scene, he skillfully touched the scenery on the lake. When apricots first appeared, the poet saw their natural feelings with chaos, and the apple leaves were reborn. It is very interesting that the poet uses "tiling" to express its growth scene. "Chaos" and "tiling" also make the originally static things dynamic, which makes people seem to see the growing power of spring. As the saying goes, Huang Peng's words are not finished, and the word "fly back to weight" is a poet's creation. The word "heavy" vividly draws the modal that white geese can't fly high in early spring. I don't know how many times the poet thought about it before he finally chose the word "heavy" that was convincing enough to make the white goose bow to his knees. Bai Yan's "flying is still heavy" is understandable, while Huang Peng's "unfinished words" can hardly be expressed in paintings, but can be circulated in poems. The spring is beautiful, and the poet does not forget to paint when drawing. The "broken red" and "new green" of apricot and Shuiping complement each other, and the white goose and Huang Peng add color to the spring scenery, which also makes the picture dynamic and sound. The early spring of Poyang described by the poet is dynamic, quiet, vivid and colorful, with vision, hearing and touch, which gives people an all-round overall feeling and makes people see colorful and interesting spring pictures, which is also inseparable from the poet's exercise of poetic language and careful consideration of sketch layout.
After all, the choice of scenery and the use of language belong to external and superficial things. It is not difficult to find that this poem "Early Spring in South Lake" can be described as "all scenery words are sentimental words", and the poet's spirit and emotion are actually infused in the scenery described. The wind goes to the clouds, the rain stays fine, everything is so natural and comfortable, and the wind can also blow away the shadows in people's hearts, making people feel like a lake in the sunset, and suddenly it is clear. The quiet colors on the lake give people a warm feeling, and apricot trees and apples also show people the infinite vitality of spring. In this early spring season, poets should also feel the hope and warmth of spring. This poem was written when the poet lived in Jiangzhou. Not long before this, the poet had just experienced great pain and frustration on his life path. In the summer of the tenth year of Yuanhe (8 15), Prime Minister Wu was killed, and Bai Juyi, who was honest and straightforward, reached the top in a rage. He asked the court to arrest the murderer and wash away the national humiliation, but his political opponents falsely accused him of exceeding his authority, so he was banished to Jiangzhou last autumn. Now that winter has gone and spring has come, the trauma is gradually recovering. The spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River surprised and pleased him. But after all, the clouds in my heart have not dispersed. White goose that can't fly bravely, white goose that can't learn English. Huang Peng has his own shadow, and he places his feelings on it. Seeing the exile in the capital in the spring, the poet's mood is complicated, and it is difficult to completely get rid of the sadness accumulated in his original heart. Throughout the poem, the poet's love for spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is sincere and can't be concealed. Although I lament that "I get sick every year, my mood decreases", with the deepening of spring, my mood will become more and more cheerful.
Writing background
This is also the work left by the author when he was in Jiangzhou.
The first six sentences describe the beautiful and moving scenery of South Lake in early spring, and the last two sentences show the author's depressed mood after being relegated.
Su Shi commented on Wang Wei's landscape poems and thought that "there are paintings in poems". In fact, it is not just Wang Wei's pastoral poems, but "painting in poetry" can be said to be a * * * feature of China's excellent landscape works. If the first six sentences of this poem are concerned, it can be said that it is a painting with fresh realm.
The works highlight several images with the most early spring characteristics, such as the spring rain in Chu Qing, the sunshine is shining, apricot blossoms are in full bloom, water apples compete for green, white geese fly low, and orioles are dumb. Just after the heavy rain, the ground and the lake were washed away by the rain, adding a fresh charm. In early spring, the cold air remains and the sun shines again, which not only has beautiful scenery, but also has a warm and lively feeling; Apricot blossoms, water apples, prosperity, red-green contrast and bright color contrast are the most distinctive scenery in early spring and an indispensable ornament in this painting. Apricots are scattered all over the mountain, red dots are broken, and there is no order at all, which shows the vibrant state of nature, so it is pointed out with the word "chaos"; The apples on the lake are endless, just like a green lawn neatly spread on the water, so it is said to be "tiled". The word "flat" has two functions: one is to describe the neatness of water apples; Second, it is used with the word "Pu", which means flat, wide and boundless, making people want to see the vastness of the lake and the lush water apples. The descriptions of clouds, rain, sunshine, apricots and apples in the four sentences appropriately reflect the symptoms of early spring. However, if all this is done, there seems to be some fly in the ointment, and there is still a lack of the most vital animals. Five or six sentences "the low-winged white goose is still heavy, and the tongue of the oriole is unsuccessful" just make up for this shortcoming. Because of the wet rain, the white goose with heavy wings had to fly at low altitude; Similarly, due to the rain, the oriole's tongue is quite rough. However, one of them danced in spite of the wet rain, and the other couldn't help singing and screaming despite his tongue. There is only one reason, that is, this newly arrived spring is so wonderful and charming. Their dancing and singing added to the charm and charm of early spring.
The predecessor's cloud "portraying early spring with color, and being especially alert in the abdomen" (Volume 23 of Poetry and Wine in Tang and Song Dynasties) just points out the triple key role. With this couplet, a complete "South Lake Early Spring Map" was declared complete. The last two sentences of this poem express the author's depressed mood. Faced with such a wonderful spring, the poet still lacks interest and mood, and there must be great hidden pain in his heart. At this time, the country is declining at home and abroad, but the poet can only watch and do nothing. For an exiled petty official, it is useless even if he has talent and good strategies. How can a poet who cares about his country and people and is in poor health be interested in enjoying the wonderful spring scenery? At the same time, the more beautiful the spring, the more lovely the country's rivers and mountains, and the more people worry about the terrible consequences of broken mountains and rivers and national destruction. Therefore, "it is a helpless sigh for a poet who cares about his country and people to think about the future before the refreshing early spring scenery."