Wang Gong returned it from Huiji, and Wang Da looked at it, and saw that he was sitting on a six-foot hairpin (diàn). Because of the courtesy, he said, "Qing Dong is from here, so he should have this thing. You can lead me. " Be respectful and speechless. When you go, give it to the person you are sitting on. Since there are no seats left, I will sit on the recommendation. When he heard about it, he was very surprised and said, "I am called Qing, so I ask for ears." Yes, I said, "My husband is disrespectful, and being respectful has nothing to gain." [2] Southern Song Liu Yiqing's Interpretation of "Shi Shuo Xin Yu De" (1) Wang Gong: the word Xiao Bo was born in the Jin Dynasty. Huiji, the county name of Jin Dynasty, is in Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province. (2) Return: Return to the original place (3) Wang Da: namely Wang Chen, whose character is Da, and whose fine print is Da, also known as Ada, was born in the Jin Dynasty. He is related to Wang Gong, who is his son. (4) diàn: bamboo mat. (5) Qing: used as a title in ancient times, the venerable person called the humble person "Qing", such as the monarch being a minister; Peers also call each other "Qing", such as husband and wife symmetry. Wang Da and Wang Gong are of the same ancestry, so they call Wang Gong "Qing". Donglai: The capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is in Nanjing today, so Huiji area is called the East. East, that is, from the east. (6) Therefore, there should be this thing: Because there are abundant bamboo mats in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Wang Dacai said so. (7) yes: yes. Take it. One collar: one, one bed. And: here, here is the "give" talk. (8) recommendation: grass, straw mats. (9) Father-in-law: In ancient times, the elders were called "father-in-law". Yes, I know. (1) long things: remnants, superfluous things. Shi Shuo Xin Yu, formerly known as Shi Shuo Xin Shu, is called Shi Shuo for short. It is a collection of ancient novels written by Liu Yiqing in the Southern Song Dynasty, with three volumes of * * *. The content is to describe the speeches, styles and anecdotes of famous scholars from the late Han Dynasty to the Jin and Song Dynasties. The language is refined and the literary talent is vivid. In the Tang Dynasty, Fang Xuanling and others' Biography of Wang Gong in the Book of Jin also contained this story, saying that Wang Gong said to Wang Chen that "I have nothing in my life".
Wang Gong came back from the meeting and Wang Da went to see him. Seeing Wang Gong sitting on a six-foot bamboo mat, Wanda said to him, "You must be rich in this kind of thing when you come back from the east. Can you give me a collar?" Wang Gong didn't answer. After Wang Da went, Wang Gong sent this mat to Wang Da. I didn't have a bamboo mat, so I sat on the straw mat. Later, when Wang Da heard about it, he said to Wang Gong, "I thought you had more, so I asked for it." Wang Gong replied, "You don't know me. I never have anything to spare. 2. find the address terms in classical Chinese
the daily address terms in classical Chinese.
(1) call yourself my father and be strict: call yourself my father. My mother and family kindness: call yourself mother.
brother and sister: call yourself brother and sister. Sister-in-law: Call yourself brother and sister.
Give up nephew: Call yourself nephew. My wife, wife, wife, humble jing: call yourself your wife.
Waizi: Call her husband. Son, boy: Call yourself your son.
Daughter: Call yourself your daughter. Friend: Call yourself a friend.
I: call myself. (2) Honoring your father to others: honoring each other's father.
your mother: address each other's mother respectfully. Your son, son and heir: address each other's son respectfully.
your nephew: call him a nephew. Your love and your yuan: address each other's daughters respectfully.
son-in-law: address the other person's son-in-law. Daughter-in-law: address the other person's daughter-in-law.
Lingzheng and Xiange, your wife: address each other's wives respectfully. Kun Yu and Kun Zhong: Call people brothers.
Qiao Zi: Call people father and son. Kenqi: Call yourself a student.
Gao Zu: Call others' students. (3) Common honorifics: Please ask for something from the other party.
Excuse me: Ask the other party to answer questions. Teach: please give advice.
high opinion: weigh the other party's views and opinions. Congratulations: Congratulations to the other party for their success.
your surname, your surname: ask the other person's surname. Taifu: Ask the other person's words.
Gui Geng and Fang Ling: Ask each other's age. Old age: ask the age of the elderly.
respect the government, the government and the residence. Huaju: Call each other's residence.
(4) Common courtesy: Ask others for forgiveness, and don't care. Please: used for please &; Thank each other for their help.
interference: disturbing. Difficult: thank each other for their help.
(5) Many appellations of civilization in ancient China are still used today. Address other people's parents as your father and mother; Claiming that parents are my father, strict and kind; Call other people's courtyards your home, respect your house; Call yourself a humble abode, a shed and a thatched cottage.
Call parents Gaotang, Chunxuan and parents; The wife's father is commonly known as the father-in-law, and elegant as the father-in-law and Mount Tai. Brothers are Kun Zhong, Tang Di, and brothers.
Husband and wife are Li, spouse and partner. Women are women; Men are men.
Teachers are teachers, masters and mentors; Students are students and students. The school is a cold window; Classmates are classmates, etc.
(6) In daily life, people often use classical Chinese words wrongly. One's son can be called a "dog" modestly, but one can't say "how is your dog?". Ancient women had no status, so husbands called their wives "wives of dross", which was not a humble word, but a contemptuous word.
Older people can call themselves "foolish brothers"; But you can't call others "stupid brothers". When addressing men of the same age who are older than themselves, they should be called "elder brother" and "good friend".
A man who is younger than himself should be called a "good brother". But you can't call yourself a "good brother", you should call yourself a "little brother" or a "younger brother".
in modern women's communication, you can refer to men's address. (7) Classical Chinese language can't be mixed with spoken language. The word "Gui Geng" is an honorific way to ask the age of young people. The spoken language is to ask how old you are this year. If you ask "My dear friend, how much is your salary this year"? The word "this year" is repeated, and so is the word "how much".
"Taifu" is a courtesy. The table character used to ask people in the old days.
For example, ask someone, "May I have your name, Taifu?" Can't ask "what is your desk"? When you know the name of the other party, you can't deal with it casually. You can say, "I've heard a lot."
or "nice to meet you." It's nice to know each other.
When the other party asks, "May I have your name?" At that time, you can't say what my surname is, but rather, what my surname is, or what my surname is. "High foot" is a respectful word, praising other students' high ability.
cannot be used to refer to one's own students. For example, "My work of Gao Zu-so won the prize again."
In the sentence, "we" is a modest word to address ourselves, and "Gao Zu" is a respectful word to address other disciples, so this sentence is neither fish nor fowl. 3. I like classical Chinese very much, but why do I call it Classical Chinese?
Classical Chinese is a written language in ancient China, which mainly includes written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, articles used to record characters were not invented, but bamboo slips and silk were used to record characters, while silk was expensive, bamboo slips were bulky and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, it was necessary to delete unimportant words. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" between the ruling class had been stereotyped, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.
Classical Chinese comes from vernacular Chinese, which is characterized by writing on the basis of words, paying attention to allusions, parallel antithesis, neat melody and no punctuation, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing and parallel prose. The classical Chinese in modern books are generally marked with punctuation marks in order to facilitate reading and understanding. 4. the address of ancient Chinese
the daily address words of classical Chinese.
(1) Call yourself
My father and Yan Jia: Call yourself my father.
my mother and family kindness: call yourself my mother.
brother and sister: call yourself brother and sister.
younger brother and sister: call yourself brother and sister.
Give up nephew: Call yourself nephew.
My wife, wife, wife, and humble jing: Call yourself your wife.
Waizi: Call her husband.
Son and boy: Call yourself your son.
Daughter: Call yourself your daughter.
Friend: Call yourself a friend.
I: call myself.
(2) address people respectfully
Your father: address the other person's father respectfully.
your mother: address each other's mother respectfully.
Your son, son and heir: address each other's son respectfully.
your nephew: call him a nephew.
Your love and your yuan: address each other's daughters respectfully.
son-in-law: address the other person's son-in-law.
your daughter-in-law: address the other person's daughter-in-law.
Lingzheng and Xiange, your wife: address each other's wives respectfully.
Kun Yu and Kun Zhong are called brothers.
Qiao Zi: Call people father and son.
Xianqi: Call yourself a student.
Gao Zu: Call others' students.
Extended information
Ancient addressing
Addressing is a cultural phenomenon. From the addressing of an era, we can get a glimpse of its features. Address is also a mirror. The change of address is a change of culture, and it is also regarded as a reflection of history and culture.
the address of China people is essentially a history of China culture, which contains the precipitation and changes of the long cultural history of the Chinese nation. China people's address is a reflection of patriarchal clan system, customs, rank, status, reputation, etc., and elders, younger generations, superiors and subordinates each have their own set of address, which no one can surpass. From the appellation, we can see that Chinese people attach importance to the patriarchal etiquette system, the respect for the elders and the young, and the expression of official positions and imperial examinations.
ancient brother appellation
brother ranking appellation: in ancient times, uncle, uncle and season were used to express the ranking order between brothers; Bo is the eldest, zhong is the second, uncle is the third, and the season ranks the smallest. My father's brother is called "father", my father's second brother is called "Guanzhong", Guanzhong's brother is called "uncle", and the youngest uncle is called "Ji's father". Later, my father's brother is collectively called "uncle".
In ancient times, parents called
Parents were also called Gaotang, Chunxuan, Parents, Under the Knee, Kaoyan and so on.
Reference Baidu Encyclopedia-appellation 5. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions (18 points): Biography of Bottle Temple Wei Xi Wu Men Feng Jiang Zhi
Answer to the question 1B: Question 2C: Question 3C: 4 So I went to/advocated the construction of the ancestral temple of the first ancestor/built the tomb of the fifth generation or above/worshipped the old dragon and lost it/didn't let my descendants know that the question 5(1) Rice was very expensive. (2) Leaving children behind, (Bottle Temple) arranged the marriage for them, just like treating their own children.
This is how he respects his elders and loves his peers. The answer is analyzed in the small question 1. Adjective conation usage, and the small question 2: 1: 2 is used.
item a: ① structural auxiliary words; 2 verbs. Here.
item b: ① pronoun, his ② modal adverb, indicating rhetorical question. Item D: ① Conjunction, indicating acceptance; (2) Conjunction, indicating the turning point "Que". Question 3 is that someone bullied others by taking advantage of Wei Zhongxian's power, instead of Wei Zhongxian's own "bullying others". Question 4 is slightly small. Question 5(1) "Yes" and "An" are inverted, with 1 point each.
***3 points (2) "as your own" and "filial piety" are coherent in meaning, with 1 point each. In Fengjiang, Suzhou, there lived a moral man, who was called "Bottle Temple".
some people say that this title means keeping one's mouth shut and taking the meaning of being cautious in speaking. Some people say that a bottle with a narrow mouth and a big belly can hold things very well, which is a metaphor for being measured.
When Ping An was a child, his father died, and he stopped studying. When he grew up, he worked hard on his own. People who like reading and writing have special respect for moral people and hermits. For those friends who are poor, old and have no life to rely on, he said, "Come to me to support the elderly and die."
Therefore, scholars who talk about virtue all think that Ping An is talented and virtuous. He always likes to help others when they are in urgent trouble.
Ping An once hired a boat. He asked the boatman, "How much is the boat?" The other party replied how much it cost, and the bottle nunnery listened and said, "Rice is very expensive. How can you support yourself with such a little money?" It increased the cost of the boat. Therefore, the peddler who carries the burden of doing business also says that the bottle temple is a noble elder.
Xu Fang, a virtuous man in Suzhou, has a hard life. He is often given Zhou Ji by the Bottle Temple, but Xu Fang does not refuse. When Ping 'an was sixty years old, his family wanted to treat him with wine for his birthday. Ping 'an said, "I will go back to my hometown and use this money to repair the ancestral temple grave.
I am sixty years old and prone to illness. If I don't take this opportunity to visit my ancestors' graves, when will I wait? " So he left Suzhou and went back to his hometown to propose the construction of the ancestral temple of the ancestors, repaired the graves of ancestors over the fifth generation, visited the cemeteries of deceased relatives and friends and sprinkled wine to pay homage, but did not let his descendants know. After finishing his work, he struggled to visit Huangshan Mountain in spite of his illness, and then returned home.
When neighbors have disputes, they often go to the bottle nunnery to ask him to judge right and wrong, and even street hooligans or unreasonable soldiers listen to him. Some people say: "When the father of Ping 'an lived in Yangzhou, he was just catching up with Wei Zhongxian, the leader of the rebellious eunuch, who was in charge of state affairs. Some people used his power to bully others. Mr. Ping wrote a letter to the court as a civilian, which was very dangerous for a time, but it was finally safe.
"Bottle nunnery has a father's style. His father once cut off thigh meat to treat his father. Bottle nunnery's father fell ill, and he also cut off thigh meat to treat his father. After the death of Pingan's sister, she left her children, and Pingan arranged the marriage for them, just like her own children.
This is how he respects his elders and loves his peers. Therefore, people from far and near come to Suzhou, scrambling to get to know the bottle temple. 6. Reading answers of Zhou Dunyi's biography of classical Chinese
Reading of Zhou Dunyi's biography (excerpt)-Synchronous reading of Ailian
Uploading: Huang Hailong Update Time: May 14, 212 18: 5: 42
Reading of Zhou Dunyi's biography (excerpt)
- Formerly known as stocky, he avoided the British Sect and changed his mind. Take Zheng Xiangren, a bachelor of my uncle's Dragon Pavilion, as the main book. If you have been in prison for a long time, you will be determined. The people in the city were shocked and said, "Old officials are not as good as you." The Ministry emissary recommended it and transferred the Nan 'an Army Manager to join the army. If a prisoner dies improperly, transshipment makes Wang Kui want to treat him deeply. Kui, a cool and fierce official, did not dare to argue. Dunyi argued with him alone, but refused to listen. Instead, he appointed the handwritten version of the manuscript to return and abandoned the official. He said, "That's quite official! Killing people to charm people, I do nothing. " If you are enlightened, you will be exempted from prison.
note
① fenning: place name. 2 main book: official name. 3 Committee: discard, discard. (4) Handwritten version: namely the water board, which is a long and narrow board held by ancient ministers when they went to court to list the items played.
reading training
1. Use "/"to divide the reading rhythm of the following sentences. (only draw one place)
If you have a prisoner, you should not die