Bai Juyi
Pride is all over the road, and the light of pommel horse can be seen in the fine dust. Excuse me, who are those people? Passers-by replied that they were eunuchs, officials of the emperor.
Yi zhu is a doctor and Ziyi is a general. Boasting his identity, he came to the army at the dinner party, in large numbers, and the scene was grand.
Hey? Over nine clouds, land and water are eight treasures. There is an orange as a fruit in Dongting Lake. This excellent fish tastes delicious.
They remained calm after the party, but became arrogant when they were drunk. The drought in Jiangnan, Quzhou people eat people!
Light Fat is Bai Juyi's masterpiece, and it is the seventh poem in the famous group poem Qin Zhongyin. The first topic is Morning in the South of the Yangtze River. He once said in a poem that the reason why he wrote "Qin Zhongyin" is to "remember the past and prepare for the post of remonstrance. When the soldiers died, the people languished. But it hurts people's illness and I don't know when to avoid it. He wrote Qin Zhongyin, a sad story. " The core is the year number of Tang Xianzong. From 806 to 820, in the fifteenth year of * *, in the third year of Yuanhe (AD 808), Bai Juyi was appointed as an admonition officer. When he was appointed as an admonition officer, he saw many unreasonable social phenomena at that time, some of which were inconvenient to discuss in court, so he wrote Qin Zhongyin.
Perhaps the general reader is a little puzzled by the title of this poem and can't think of any meaning. In fact, this word has a history, which comes from the chapter "Yongye" in The Analects of Confucius. It means that you are in a big horse-drawn car, wearing a thin and warm fur robe. Therefore, the title of Bai Juyi's poem "light fat" refers to the eunuch who marched through the city in a carriage. Indeed, in the opening remarks of the poem, as soon as the characters in the poem appear, the spirit of luxury comes to my face. "The road is long and Xiu Yuan is awkward, and the pommel horse shines with dust." They came out in a luxurious carriage, and they took the lead. The arrogance of "qi" is actually "full of roads", and the "light" of "pommel horse" can also "brighten the dust"! These two descriptions can be described as the finishing touch and vivid. When they rampage in the street like no one's watching, people in the street can't help asking each other what such arrogant people do. "If you ask' Who is it', people will call it' Minister of the Interior'." Some people who know about it say that they are only eunuchs in the palace, but those who don't understand still don't understand. To say that eunuchs are just servants of the emperor, how can they be so powerful? It turns out that these people are not ordinary little eunuchs who do menial work, but courtiers who are deeply loved by the emperor. "Zhu is a doctor and a general." One by one, they either hold important positions and become "doctors" or worship the "generals" with military power in their hands. "Zhu Bi" originally refers to the red knee pads on the ancient official clothes, and here refers to the scarlet clothes worn by officials with more than five grades in the Tang Dynasty. "Dr. Du" means that everyone is an important official in the DPRK; "Purple Ribbon" is a kind of purple ribbon with seals and jade ornaments, which was worn by second-class or third-class dignitaries in the Tang Dynasty. Here, some of these people are generals with military power. With the eunuch's low position, once in power, how can he not be arrogant? Therefore, on the road, it is natural and inevitable to strut and gallop at will.
The writing of this poem draws lessons from Du Fu's new Yuefu poems. For example, the method of describing first and then pointing out at the beginning of this paragraph is exactly the same as Du Fu's masterpiece "Car Shop". First, the Ralph scene of "Ma Xiaoxiao" is reproduced through scene description, and then the truth of the matter is drawn between questions and answers. "And every time the bystander asks you a question, you can only tell him that you are leaving." Bai Juyi's New Yuefu is the inheritance and development of Du Fu's realistic poetry tradition. Therefore, there are similarities in both the sharpness of criticism and the way of expression.
"Praise the military banquet and go like a cloud." In the army, it refers to the Shence Army, which is the royal guard to defend the emperor, and its status is naturally serious. The word "boast" is the boast of those who ride fat horses and wear light clothes. We are going to attend the banquet of the famous Shence Army at the moment. You laity can't compare with us at first, and then don't hurry up, which will delay Lao Tzu's time. Who can afford it? At that time, I heard Ma Si people calling, and I saw them flying like clouds. In an instant, they all disappeared, leaving only the dust in the street. These two sentences echoed the beginning of "pride is all over the road, pommel horse shines with dust", and inside and outside, they outlined the ugly faces of these eunuchs who were arrogant and empty inside. After reading it, I really laughed and sighed.
The next stroke is already the scene of this group of people at the banquet. "Hey? (Thunder) Overflowing nine clouds, eight treasures of land and water. " The fruit is broken (bo is pronounced as thin mint) and the oranges in Dongting are cut into scales in Tianchi. "Hey? , wine; Wine rhyme, the name of fine wine, is called wine rhyme according to Xijing Miscellanies. It is brewed on the first day of the first month of each year and stored until August. Eight treasures, eight exquisite cooking methods in ancient times, were very popular at court banquets in the Tang Dynasty. When Du Fu's new Yuefu poem "Two Ways" was titled, it was also mentioned that when Yang and his brother had a banquet near Qujiang, they were also invited by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and "the chefs kept cooking". Break, cut things with your fingers. Dongting orange, produced in Dongting Mountain of Taihu Lake, is of high value and was a tribute in Tang Dynasty. Tianchi, another name for the sea, "Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour" said, "Those who are ignorant in the south are Tianchi. "Shence army banquet is really unusual. They drank carefully brewed wine, ate the delicious food of the court, peeled the fine tribute oranges produced in Taihu Lake, and held the precious Tianchi seafood with chopsticks. These four poems are written in the same way as the previous ones. They all used rhetorical devices to exaggerate the luxury and ostentation of the "military banquet", echoed each other and ran wildly in the city, indicating that this group of "internal ministers" had nothing to hide and did whatever they wanted, regardless of the occasion, and had reached the peak. But they themselves are ignorant, thinking that all these luxurious ostentation and extravagance, all luxury enjoyment are taken for granted. This is the problem. Who gave them this lawless power? And once they have achieved this social status, what kind of activities will they do? What does all this mean? Just look at their smug and supercilious faces at the party. " When you are full, your heart will be steadfast and your wine will be full. "After a big meal,' smugness' means they are full of ambition, and' invigorating qi' means they are more arrogant than' arrogance' in the street. The description of the above fourteen sentences covers everything from running horses in the street to eating and drinking at banquets. The author quietly shows the readers what the "internal ministers" did in Chang 'an at that time and had no scruples about the "military banquet", while the citizens can only be angry and dare not speak about this group of prominent court "minions".
If we simply describe a picture of courtiers' extravagant enjoyment, then people's eyes may only stay on their dissatisfaction with eunuchs, which is not the main purpose of Bai Juyi's poem. He looked at this social phenomenon that people were used to at that time from a higher angle, and wanted to trigger a deeper thinking, that is, to put this kind of urban pleasure of courtiers in a broader background, that is, "there is a drought in the south of the Yangtze River, and people in Quzhou eat people." According to the Record of Old Tang Xianzong, the drought in the south of the Yangtze River was recorded in the third year of Yuanhe (AD 808), that is, the first year of Bai Juyi's legacy collection. "Huainan, Jiangnan, Jiangxi, Hunan and Shannan were the main droughts." The famine in the south lasted until the following spring. Quzhou, now Quxian County, Zhejiang Province. On the one hand, "doctors" and "generals" are full of food and drink, and their minds are full of fat. On the other hand, ordinary people are hungry and desperate. "Eating people" is in sharp contrast with the luxurious scenes of the previous military banquet, and the author knows this ironclad fact well, which is more effective than any condemnation and criticism, because as long as he has a little conscience, he can't help but be indignant at this extremely unreasonable social phenomenon, so the author doesn't have to stand up and express his views himself, but stops when he is ready, which is powerful enough to save people. This is what Su Shi said: "Always do what you should do and always stop at what you have to do." The minister's long description is playing hard to get, and on this basis, the reminder of the last two sentences has been inspired and inspired. On the surface, the author is telling people that the victims in the south of the Yangtze River have no way to live, and the human tragedy of "cannibalism" is forced to happen. He is actually denouncing the behind-the-scenes manipulator of this tragedy, because those "ministers" who squander the people's fat, the people's paste and the profligate things are the real "cannibals" in this society!