1, it is very sad to be a guest in a foreign country;
2, often a guest, two sorrows;
3, Wan Li is a guest, three sorrows;
4, when the bleak autumn, sad at four o'clock;
5, old age, nothing, five sorrows;
6, the death of relatives and friends, six sorrows;
7, a person walking alone, seven sad;
8, suffering from illness, eight sad.
Original text:
Du Fu, up the hill
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.
After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
Creative background:
This poem was written in the autumn of the second year of Tang Daizong Dali (767), and Du Fu was in Kuizhou. This was written by a 56-year-old poet in extreme embarrassment. At that time, four years had passed since the Anshi Rebellion, but local warlords took the opportunity to compete for territory with each other.
Du Fu entered the Yanwu shogunate, relying on Yanwu. Shortly after Yanwu's death, Du Fu lost his dependence and had to leave the Chengdu Caotang, which had been in business for five or six years, to buy a boat and go south. I wanted to go straight to Kuimen, but because of illness, I stayed in Yun 'an for several months before I arrived in Kuizhou.
If it were not for the concern of the local government, he would not have lived here for three years. In these three years, his life is still very difficult and his health is very poor.
One day, he climbed the high platform outside Bai Di, Kuizhou, with mixed feelings in his heart. What you saw in hope aroused your heart; The bleak scenery of Qiu Jiang evokes his wandering life experience and permeates his old illness and loneliness. Thus, there was this song "Ascending the Mountain", which was known as the "crown of seven laws".
Overall evaluation:
This poem is included in Du Gongbu's Collected Works. The whole poem tells the poet's complex feelings of long-term wandering, old illness and loneliness by climbing to see the scenery of Qiujiang River. It is impassioned and touching.
The first four sentences of this poem are about climbing mountains. The first couplet is right. Focusing on the specific environment of Kuizhou, the poet used the word "wind rush" to drive the All-China Federation, and from the very beginning, he wrote a quatrain that was told for generations. Among them, the sky, wind, sand, Zhu, apes whistling and birds flying are all made in heaven and naturally paired.
"Heaven" versus "wind" and "height" versus "urgency"; "Sand" has rhythm to "Zhu" and "white" has rhythm to "Qing". After the artistic refinement of the poet, fourteen words, each of which is accurate and appropriate, are all in name only. In words, "thank you for your axe" has reached a wonderful and difficult state.
This couplet embodies the typical characteristics of Kuizhou in autumn. The poet looked up at the endless rustling leaves and looked down at the endless rolling river. While writing about the scenery, he expressed his feelings affectionately.
The first two couplets describe autumn scenery, and it was not until the necklace that the word "autumn" was pointed out. "Alone on the stage" shows that the poet looks down from a height and closely connects the eye scene with the heart.
The tail is knotted and divided into five or six sentences. The poet suffers from hardship and poverty, worrying about the country and the people, and his hair is getting gray. In addition, because of illness and alcohol deprivation, it is even more difficult for them to let go. The poet's ambivalence is easy to understand, because he once longed to climb high and look far, but now he provokes hatred for no reason, adding to his sorrow. The first six sentences are "flying around", where "softness brings cold, sadness is infinite, beyond words"
Reference link: Baidu Encyclopedia: Ascending the Mountain and Looking Far (Du Fu's Poems)